Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 108 views

    Steel Design

    Uploaded by

    Dad Me
    The document discusses the design of compression members in steel structures. It provides the design steps, which include calculating the required axial strength or load, assuming an initial critical stress value, determining the required cross-sectional area, selecting a section, checking the slenderness ratio, calculating the actual critical stress, and comparing the actual stress to the critical stress. If the actual stress exceeds the critical stress, a new section must be selected. The document also provides an example problem demonstrating the design process for a compression member using the Allowable Stress Design (ASD) and Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) methods.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Steel Design

    Uploaded by

    Dad Me
    108 views6 pages
    The document discusses the design of compression members in steel structures. It provides the design steps, which include calculating the required axial strength or load, assuming an initial critical stress value, determining the required cross-sectional area, selecting a section, checking the slenderness ratio, calculating the actual critical stress, and comparing the actual stress to the critical stress. If the actual stress exceeds the critical stress, a new section must be selected. The document also provides an example problem demonstrating the design process for a compression member using the Allowable Stress Design (ASD) and Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) methods.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses the design of compression members in steel structures. It provides the design steps, which include calculating the required axial strength or load, assuming an initial critical stress value, determining the required cross-sectional area, selecting a section, checking the slenderness ratio, calculating the actual critical stress, and comparing the actual stress to the critical stress. If the actual stress exceeds the critical stress, a new section must be selected. The document also provides an example problem demonstrating the design process for a compression member using the Allowable Stress Design (ASD) and Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) methods.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    108 views6 pages

    Steel Design

    Uploaded by

    Dad Me
    The document discusses the design of compression members in steel structures. It provides the design steps, which include calculating the required axial strength or load, assuming an initial critical stress value, determining the required cross-sectional area, selecting a section, checking the slenderness ratio, calculating the actual critical stress, and comparing the actual stress to the critical stress. If the actual stress exceeds the critical stress, a new section must be selected. The document also provides an example problem demonstrating the design process for a compression member using the Allowable Stress Design (ASD) and Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) methods.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 6

    DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES

    Al-Mustaqbal University College

    3.8 Design of Compression Members


    Here the applied load, the effective length, and the steel type are given. It is
    required to select the most suitable section which is the safe and economical
    𝐹𝑐𝑟
    section. Since the section is unknown the allowable stress for (ASD method) or
    𝛺𝑐

    critical stress ∅ 𝐹𝑐𝑟 for (LRFD method) are also unknown.

    Design Steps
    1. Calculate the axial compression load or the required axial strength,

    𝑷𝒖 = 𝟏. 𝟐 𝑷𝒅 + 𝟏. 𝟔 𝑷𝑳 (𝑳𝑹𝑭𝑫)

    𝑷𝒂 = 𝑷𝒅 + 𝑷𝑳 (𝑨𝑺𝑫)

    2. Assuming an initial value for the critical stress 𝑭𝒄𝒓, (say for example: 𝑭𝒄𝒓 =
    𝟎. 𝟖𝑭𝒚).
    3. Determine the required gross area, 𝑨𝒈 ., which should be:
    𝒓𝒆𝒒

    𝑷𝒖 𝑷𝒂
    𝑨𝒈 ≥ (𝑳𝑹𝑭𝑫), 𝑨𝒈 ≥ (𝑨𝑺𝑫)
    𝒓𝒆𝒒 ∅ 𝑭𝒄𝒓 𝒓𝒆𝒒 𝑭𝒄𝒓⁄𝜴𝒄

    4. Select a section from Part 1 of the AISC with 𝑨𝒈 ≥ 𝑨𝒈 .


    𝒓𝒆𝒒

    5. For the new selected section compute the actual stress (𝒇 = 𝑷⁄𝑨𝒈) and the
    maximum slenderness ratio. Check that 𝑲𝑳⁄𝒓 ≤ 𝟐𝟎𝟎.
    6. Compute the critical stress 𝑭𝒄𝒓 based on the new slenderness ratio.
    7. Compare the actual stress 𝒇 with the critical stress (∅ 𝑭𝒄𝒓 𝑜𝑟 𝑭𝒄𝒓⁄𝜴𝒄).
     Either (∅ 𝑭𝒄𝒓 𝑜𝑟 𝑭𝒄𝒓⁄𝜴𝒄) < 𝒇 (the section is not safe) go to the step 8.
     Or (∅ 𝑭𝒄𝒓 𝑜𝑟 𝑭𝒄𝒓⁄𝜴𝒄) > 𝒇 (the section is safe, may be not economic).
    8. Use 𝑭𝒄𝒓, obtained in step 6, to repeat steps 3.

    68
    DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES....................................................... Compression Members

    Example No. 1: Select a 𝑾𝟏𝟖 shape of 𝑨𝟗𝟗𝟐 that can resist a service dead load of
    𝟗𝟎 𝒌𝒊𝒑𝒔 and a service live load of 𝟑𝟐𝟎 𝒌𝒊𝒑𝒔. The effective length 𝑲𝑳 is 𝟐𝟓 𝒇𝒕.
    Use ASD method.
    Solve:
    Steel and Section Properties:

    𝑨𝟗𝟗𝟐: 𝐹𝑦 = 50 𝑘𝑠𝑖

    1. Calculate working load

    𝑃𝑎 = 𝑃𝑑 + 𝑃𝐿 = 90 + 320 = 410 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠.

    2. Assume 𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.8𝐹𝑦 = 40 𝑘𝑠𝑖.


    𝑃𝑎 410
    3. 𝐴𝑔 ≥ = = 17.11 𝑖𝑛2
    𝑟𝑒𝑞 𝐹𝑐𝑟 ⁄𝛺𝑐 40⁄1.67

    4. 𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑊18 × 60: 𝐴𝑔 = 17.6 𝑖𝑛2 , 𝑟𝑥 = 7.47 𝑖𝑛, 𝑟𝑦 = 1.68 𝑖𝑛

    𝑃𝑎 410
    𝑓= = = 23.3 𝑘𝑠𝑖
    𝐴𝑔 17.6

    𝐾𝐿 25 × 12
    = = 178.5 < 200 𝑜𝑘
    𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛 1.68
    𝐹𝑐𝑟
    5. Calculate
    𝛺𝑐

    Method 1:

    𝐾𝐿 𝐸 29000
    = 178.5 > 4.71√ = 4.71√ = 113.43
    𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝐹𝑦 50

    𝜋 2𝐸 𝜋 2 × 29000
    𝐹𝑒 = = = 8.98 𝑘𝑠𝑖
    𝐾𝐿 2 (178.5)2
    (𝑟)

    𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.877 𝐹𝑒 = 0.877 × 8.98 = 7.88 𝑘𝑠𝑖

    𝐹𝑐𝑟 7.88
    = = 4.72 𝑘𝑠𝑖
    𝛺𝑐 1.67
    69 Maryam Hameed Nasir
    DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES....................................................... Compression Members

    Method 2: by using Table 4-22 in Part 4

    𝐾𝐿
    = 178.5, 𝐹𝑦 = 50 𝑘𝑠𝑖
    𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛

    𝐹𝑐𝑟 4.74 + 4.69


    = = 4.72 𝑘𝑠𝑖 < 𝑓 𝑁𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑘
    𝛺𝑐 2

    𝐹𝑐𝑟 23.3 + 4.72


    𝑈𝑠𝑒 = = 14.01 𝑘𝑠𝑖
    𝛺𝑐 2
    𝑃𝑎 410
    6. 𝐴𝑔 ≥ = = 29.26 𝑖𝑛2
    𝑟𝑒𝑞 𝐹𝑐𝑟 ⁄𝛺𝑐 14.01

    7. 𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑊18 × 106: 𝐴𝑔 = 31.1 𝑖𝑛2 , 𝑟𝑥 = 7.84 𝑖𝑛, 𝑟𝑦 = 2.66 𝑖𝑛

    𝑃𝑎 410
    𝑓= = = 13.18 𝑘𝑠𝑖
    𝐴𝑔 31.1

    𝐾𝐿 25 × 12
    = = 112.8 < 200 𝑜𝑘
    𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛 2.66
    𝐹𝑐𝑟
    8. Calculate
    𝛺𝑐

    by using Table 4-22 in Part 4:

    𝐾𝐿
    = 112.8, 𝐹𝑦 = 50 𝑘𝑠𝑖
    𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛
    𝐹𝑐𝑟
    12 − 11.8 − 11.8
    = 𝛺𝑐
    113 − 112 113 − 112.8
    𝐹𝑐𝑟
    = 0.04 + 11.8 = 11.84 𝑘𝑠𝑖 < 𝑓 𝑁𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑘
    𝛺𝑐

    𝐹𝑐𝑟 13.18 + 11.84


    𝑈𝑠𝑒 = = 12.51 𝑘𝑠𝑖
    𝛺𝑐 2
    𝑃𝑎 410
    9. 𝐴𝑔 ≥ = = 32.77 𝑖𝑛2
    𝑟𝑒𝑞 𝐹𝑐𝑟 ⁄𝛺𝑐 12.51

    10. 𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑊18 × 119: 𝐴𝑔 = 35.1 𝑖𝑛2 , 𝑟𝑥 = 7.90 𝑖𝑛, 𝑟𝑦 = 2.69 𝑖𝑛

    70 Maryam Hameed Nasir


    DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES....................................................... Compression Members

    𝑃𝑎 410
    𝑓= = = 11.68 𝑘𝑠𝑖
    𝐴𝑔 35.1

    𝐾𝐿 25 × 12
    = = 111.5 < 200 𝑜𝑘
    𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛 2.69

    by using Table 4-22 in Part 4

    𝐾𝐿
    = 111.5, 𝐹𝑦 = 50 𝑘𝑠𝑖
    𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛

    𝐹𝑐𝑟 12.2 + 12.0


    = = 12.1 𝑘𝑠𝑖 > 𝑓 = 11.68 𝑘𝑠𝑖
    𝛺𝑐 2
    ∴ 𝑜𝑘

    The select 𝑾𝟏𝟖 × 𝟏𝟏𝟗 is safe and economic

    H.W: Repeat the example use LRFD method?

    Example No. 2: The column shown in Figure is subjected 𝑷𝒅 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎 𝒌𝒊𝒑𝒔 and
    𝑷𝑳 = 𝟒𝟐𝟎 𝒌𝒊𝒑𝒔. Use A992 and select the lightest W-shape. Use LRFD Method.

    Solve:

    Steel and Section Properties:

    𝐴992: 𝐹𝑦 = 50 𝑘𝑠𝑖

    𝐾𝐿𝑥 = 20, 𝐾𝐿𝑦 = 8

    1. Calculate ultimate load

    𝑃𝑢 = 1.2 𝑃𝑑 + 1.6 𝑃𝐿

    𝑃𝑢 = 1.2 × 140 + 1.6 × 420 = 840 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠.

    2. Assume 𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.8𝐹𝑦 = 40 𝑘𝑠𝑖.

    71 Maryam Hameed Nasir


    DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES....................................................... Compression Members

    𝑃𝑢 840
    3. 𝐴𝑔 ≥ = = 23.33 𝑖𝑛2
    𝑟𝑒𝑞 ∅ 𝐹𝑐𝑟 0.9×40

    4. Select section:
    Depth Section 𝑨𝒈 (𝑖𝑛2 )
    W8 ----- ---
    W10 𝑊10 × 88 25.9
    W12 𝑊12 × 87 25.6
    W14 𝑊14 × 82 24.0
    W16 𝑊16 × 89 26.2

    𝑇𝑟𝑦 𝑊14 × 82: 𝐴𝑔 = 24.0 𝑖𝑛2 , 𝑟𝑥 = 6.05 𝑖𝑛, 𝑟𝑦 = 2.48 𝑖𝑛


    𝑃𝑢 840
    𝑓= = = 35 𝑘𝑠𝑖
    𝐴𝑔 24

    𝐾𝐿 20 × 12 𝐾𝐿 8 × 12
    ( ) = = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟔𝟕, ( ) = = 38.71
    𝑟 𝑥 6.05 𝑟 𝑦 2.48
    5. Calculate ∅ 𝐹𝑐𝑟
    𝐾𝐿
    = 39.67, 𝐹𝑦 = 50 𝑘𝑠𝑖
    𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛

    40.3 − 40 𝜙𝑐 𝐹𝑐𝑟 − 40
    =
    40 − 39 40 − 39.67

    𝜙𝑐 𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.099 + 40 = 40.099 ≈ 40.1 𝑘𝑠𝑖 > 35 safe

    Check for the economist section:


    𝑃𝑢 840
    𝐴𝑔 ≥ = = 20.95 𝑖𝑛2
    𝑟𝑒𝑞 ∅ 𝐹𝑐𝑟 40.1

    𝑇𝑟𝑦 𝑊14 × 74: 𝐴𝑔 = 21.8 𝑖𝑛2 , 𝑟𝑥 = 6.04 𝑖𝑛, 𝑟𝑦 = 2.48 𝑖𝑛


    72 Maryam Hameed Nasir
    DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES....................................................... Compression Members

    𝑃𝑢 840
    𝑓= = = 38.53 𝑘𝑠𝑖
    𝐴𝑔 21.8

    𝐾𝐿 20 × 12 𝐾𝐿 8 × 12
    ( ) = = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟕𝟒, ( ) = = 38.71
    𝑟 𝑥 6.04 𝑟 𝑦 2.48
    Calculate ∅ 𝐹𝑐𝑟 :
    𝐾𝐿
    = 39.74, 𝐹𝑦 = 50 𝑘𝑠𝑖
    𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛

    40.3 − 40 𝜙𝑐 𝐹𝑐𝑟 − 40
    =
    40 − 39 40 − 39.74

    𝜙𝑐 𝐹𝑐𝑟 = 0.078 + 40 = 40.078 ≈ 40.08 𝑘𝑠𝑖 > 38.53 𝑘𝑠𝑖 safe

    𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑊14 × 74

    Problem:
    1. Select a W14 column of ASTM A572, Grade 50 steel, 14-ft long, pinned at
    both ends, and subjected to the following service loads: 𝑃𝐷 = 160 kips and
    𝑃𝐿 = 330 kips.
    𝑨𝒏𝒔: 𝑊14 × 82
    2. Select the lightest W-shape for a factored compression load, 𝑃𝑢 = 194 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠,
    and a column length, 𝐿 = 24 𝑓𝑡. Use ASTM 𝐴572, Grade 50 steel and assume
    that the column is pinned at both ends.
    𝑨𝒏𝒔: 𝑊10 × 49
    3. Select a W18 column of ASTM A36 steel, 26-ft long, and subjected to a
    factored axial load of 500 kips. Assume that the column is pinned at both ends.
    𝑨𝒏𝒔: 𝑊18 × 119

    73 Maryam Hameed Nasir

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy