Lesson 1 The Importance, Meaning, • (Plato) – brings life in harmony with the

and Assumptions of Art beauty of the world

ARS- Latin word for art • (Dewey) – an attitude of spirit; a state of mind

AESTHETIC FUNCTION- used to provide • (Oscar Wilde) – most intense mode of

comport, happiness and convenience to individualism that the world has known
human being • (Elbert Hubbard) – not a thing – it is a way
PAINTING- visual arts that applies pigment on 10 reasons why art is important
any 2D surfaces
1. ITS NATURAL HUMAN BEHAVIOR
FILM- series of still images that create illusion 2. IT’S A LANGUAGE- Art speaks its own
of moving images language whether it’s a painting,
FASHION DESIGN- applied arts of applying sculpture, dance routine or your favorite
design, aesthetic and natural beauty to clothing song. Art is able to say things that words
etc. sometimes can’t.
● a picture is worth a thousand words
ART- is a highly diverse range of human 3. ART TELLS A STORY- because it’s a
activities engaged in creating visual, auditory, way of documenting and preserving our
or performed artifacts— artworks—that history.
express the author’s imaginative or technical 4. THERAPEUTIC- Art is a great way to
skill, calm yourself and decrease stress
levels
● are intended to be appreciated for their
● The therapeutic effects of art are so
beauty or emotional power
profound that it’s also used in more
● may be characterized in terms of
serious cases by certified professionals
mimesis (its representation of reality),
to help people deal with mental illness
expression, communication of emotion,
and other emotional challenges.
or other qualities
5. EVOKE EMOTIONS FROM PEOPLE-
FORMALISM- is a concept in art theory in Art is important because it has the
which an artwork’s artistic value is determined power to move people and sometimes
solely by its form, or how it is made. an entire nation.
6. INCREASES CREATIVITY- Art and
● evaluates works on a purely visual level, creativity go hand in hand with one
considering medium and compositional another.
elements as opposed to any reference ● The more you work on your art the more
to realism, context, or content creative you’ll get.
PRINCIPLES OF ART include movement, 7. IT MAKES PEOPLE HAPPY WHEN
unity, harmony, variety, balance, contrast, THEY CREATE
proportion and pattern.
8. VITAL TO HUMAN DEVELOPMENT-
ELEMENTS OF ART include texture, form, Art is important because creativity is the
space, shape, color, value and line. foundation of a child’s education.
Other definitions for Art: ● helps to develop motor skills, eye-hand
coordination and has a large impact on
• 13th Century French word – skill as a result their social and emotional growth
of learning or practice ● Enhances their cognitive development
9. IT MAKES DRAB PLACES LOOK
• Latin word ars – ability or practical skills
AMAZING- Art can take to the most
 unpleasant-looking places and turn it 1. (Plato) Art is nemesis – Art is an imitation
into an awe-inspiring work of creativity of an imitation
10. ITS GOOD FOR ECONOMY- When
2. (Aristotle) Art as representation – the aim
artists make money from their hard
of art is not to represent the outward
work, it all comes full circle
appearance of things but their inward
● when a community is bustling with
significance
creativity and has a vibrant art scene
filled with attractions, tourists will come 3. (Kant) Art for art's sake – that art has its
from all over to see. reason for being. It is an autonomous creation
● Artists and creativity are vital to society
and should be supported in every way 4. Art as an escape – the sacred level of art
possible. not only transforms something into art but also
transforms the artist at the very core of his or
Four Common Essentials of Art her being
• Art has to be human-made 5. Art as functional – meant to be used,
• Art must be creative, not imitative enrich lives, be spiritually potent, educate,
• Art must benefit and satisfy the man support or protest existing power structures,
• Art is expressed through an individual entertain, and so on.
medium or material by which the artist
communicates himself to his audiences. CATEGORIES / CLASSIFICATIONS OF ART
Visual Arts (2D; 3D)
What is the assumption of Arts?
● Three assumptions on art are its 1. Painting – the application of pigment (color)
universality, it’s not being nature, and its on any flat two-dimensional surfaces
need for experience. 2. Sculpture – the carving, modeling, casting,
● Without experience, there is no art. constructing, and assembling of materials and
● The artist has to be foremost, a object into primarily three-dimensional works of
perceiver art
who is directly in touch with art.?
3. Architecture –the art and technique of
What are the four assumptions of designing and building, as distinguished from
Arts? the skills associated with construction.
● Art is everywhere. Performing/Combined Arts
● Art is not nature.
● Art is imitating and creating. Music, dance, film, theater, literary,
● Art perfects nature. performance poetry
● Art message is universal CATEGORIES / CLASSIFICATIONS OF ART
Functions of Art Digital Arts – art made with the assistance of
1. Personal electronic devices, or intended to be displayed
on a computer, is the most important element
2. Social in digital art.
3. Cultural function 1. Digital painting appeared in the 1990s and
4. Aesthetic Function embrace traditional painting techniques like
watercolors, oil painting, and impastos
5. Spiritual function
● share features that are specific to
Essential Philosophical Perspectives of Art computer art visuals like the repetition
 and distortion of elements and can ● form of photography used by artists to
result in abstract imagery show ideas, concepts, messages, and
2. Digital photography includes the use of emotions through a picture.
images taken from reality through photographs, ● this kind of photography can also have
scans, satellite-imaging, and other possible genres such as abstract, conceptual,
records of what exists portraits, black and white
Types of Digital Photography 3. Digital installations- closely relate to the
a. Commercial Photography sculptures for their 3D nature but offer a new
typology in their relation to the viewer
● is often taken to be used as advertising
material ● this type of artworks can be interactive
● used to promote or sell products. — that is responding to visitors’ inputs
(e.g., body movements, voices, touch).
b. Documentary Photography
● Virtual reality (VR) and augmented
● focused on documenting life moments reality (AR) are typical examples of the
and events. technologies promoting this kind of
● purpose is to capture the moment so it experience
will not just fade away
Applied Arts – the application of design and
c. Journalism Photography decoration to everyday objects to make them
● has almost the same purpose as aesthetically pleasing
documentary photography
● difference between the two is ● The term is used in distinction to the fine
documentary photography is usually arts, which are those that produce
taken to document moments, while objects with no practical use, whose
journalism photography has another only purpose is to be beautiful or
purpose, which is to deliver the news stimulate the intellect in some way
● goal of journalism photography is to
make people understand what
● Applied arts largely overlaps with
decorative arts, and the modern making
happened at that moment in relation to
of applied art is usually called design
the news
Examples of applied arts are:
d. Editorial Photography
• Industrial design – mass-produced objects.
● usually used for publications such as
magazines • Architecture – also counted as a fine art.
● focuses on the story, it’s the difference
• Ceramic art
between editorial photography and
product photography or commercial • Automotive design
photography
• Fashion design
● not created to just sell products, but
more to tell stories and for more • Calligraphy
educational and informative purposes
• Interior design
• Graphic design
• Cartographic (map) design
e. Art Photography
 ab(s)- "away" + trahere "Draw," which
means "withdrawn or separated from
material objects or practical matters.
LESSON 2: SUBJECT AND CONTENT
● In abstract art, the artist does not show the
OF ART subject at all as an objectively reality, but
only his idea, or his feeling about it
● Subject matter- what the images or object ● Abstract art is all shapes, no real-life
literally represents. images, scenery, or objects
● Content- what the artwork means
● Forms of Abstraction
TWO KINDS OF ART AS TO SUBJECT: A. Distortion- clearly manifested when the
1. REPRESENTATIONAL ART OR subject is in misshapen condition, or the
OBJECTIVE ART regular shape is twisted out
● They are those arts which depict ● Emphasizing detail to the point that
(represent) objects that are commonly something is no longer “correctly” depicted
recognized by most people ● Example is Pablo Picasso’s The Old
● Uses “form” and is concerned with “what” is Guitarist and Henry Moore’s sculptural
to be depicted in the artwork. works
● Representational artwork aims to
represent actual objects or subjects from B. Elongation- It refers to that which is being
reality lengthened, a protraction or an extension
● Subcategories under representational art ● Ex El Greco "Christ Crucified," a sculpture
include Realism, Impressionism, Idealism, by Giambologna from around 1588
and Stylization
C. Mangling- not commonly used way of
A. Still life is a work of art depicting mostly presenting an abstract subject but there are
inanimate subject matter, typically few artists who show subject or objects which
commonplace objects which may be either are cut, lacerated, mutilated, torn, hacked or
natural or man-made in an artificial setting. disfigured
B. Portraiture (portrait) is a painting, D. Cubism- began in the early 1900s when
photograph, sculpture, or other artistic artists such as Georges Braque (French) and
representation of a person, in which the face Pablo Picasso (Spanish) began painting in
and its expression is predominant. such a way that was far removed from
traditional art styles
C. Landscapes, Seascapes, Cityscapes ● Cubists tried to create a new way seeing
things in art. Many of their subjects, be they
people or landscapes, were represented as
METHODS OF PRESENTING ART combinations of basic geometric shapes
SUBJECTS ● Cubist pictures are therefore often
1. REALISM- often refers to the artistic described as looking like pieces of fractured
movement glass.
● The popularity of realism grew with the
introduction of photography - a new visual E. Abstract Expressionism- modern art
source that created a desire for people to movement that flowered in America after the
produce things that look “objectively real” Second World War and held sway until the
● A method of portraying an art subject dawn of Pop Art in the 1960's
according to the objective reality. ● The artists applied paint rapidly, and with
force to their huge canvases in an effort to
2. ABSTRACTION- Its etymology is derived show feelings and emotions, painting
from Latin “abstractus "Drawn away," or gesturally, non-geometrically, sometimes
Latin past participle “abstrahere:” from applying paint with large brushes,
 sometimes dripping or even throwing it into 7. SURREALISM- an offshoot or a child of
the canvas. dada
● Influenced by the Existentialist philosophy, ● It is also known as “super realism,” which
which emphasized the importance of the revolves on the method of making ordinary
act of creating, not of the finished object. things look extraordinary
● What matters for the artist are the qualities ● focuses on real things found in the
of the paint itself and the act of painting imagination or fantasy or it has realistic
itself subjects that are found in the unconscious
mind; depicting dreamlike images of the
3. SYMBOLISM- systematically uses inner mind
symbols to concentrate or intensify
meaning, making the work of art more ● Two Types of Surrealism
subjective (rather than objective) and 1. Veristic Surrealism
conventional ● It allowed the images of the subconscious
● Symbol is a visible sign of something to be undisturbed so that the meaning could
invisible such as an idea or quality be understood through analysis.
● They follow images of the subconscious
4. FAUVISM- derived from the French “les until consciousness could understand the
fauves,” which means “the wild beasts.” meaning
● Artistic movement which emphasized ● Examples: Rene Magritte would show a
spontaneity and use of extremely bright nighttime sky, then a daytime foreground,
colors Salvador Dali would melt clocks to show
● Henri Matisse, French artist, was known for how unreal how time and space were; slice
his use of colour and his fluid, brilliant and of a cheese with a face on it.
original draughtsman ship 2. Automatism or Abstract Surrealism
● He was initially labeled as a Fauve (wild ● Images of the subconscious should not be
beast burdened by meaning, so they are
represented in an abstract form
5. DADAISM-the term “dada” is a French word, ● Focused more on feelings and less
which means a “hobby horse.” analytical
● System of art which is per se “nonsensical”
● Started as a Post-World War cultural ● Surrealistic Techniques:
movement against the barbarism of the war 1. Scale – changing an object’s scale, or
● A reaction to what they believed were relative size.
outworn traditions in art, and the evils they ● Example: ordinary small size of glass to a
saw in society big extraordinary size.
● Tried to shock and provoke the public with
outrageous pieces of writing, poetry recitals 2. Levitation – Floating objects that don’t
and art exhibitions normally float.
● Example: Stone Floating
6. FUTURISM- came into being with the
appearance of a manifesto published by the 3. Juxtaposition – Joining two images
poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti on the front together in impossible combinations.
page of the February 20, 1909, issue of Le ● Example: Car running and on top of it is a
Figaro horse running with a man riding.
● Very first manifesto of this kind
● Marinetti summed up the major principles of 4. Dislocation – Taking an object form its
the Futurists. He and others espoused a usual environment and placing it in an
love of speed, technology and violence unfamiliar one.
● Was presented as a modernist movement ● Example: a face wrapped by a piece of
celebrating the technological, future era cloth; an electric burner inside the car.
5. Transparency – Making objects transparent ● Kandinsky's "Composition VIII" (1923) is a
that are not transparent. perfect example of non-objective painting
● Within non-objective art, you will notice
6. Transformation – Changing objects in some similarities.
unusual way. ● In paintings, for instance, artists tend to
avoid thick texture techniques like impasto,
8. IMPRESSIONISM preferring clean, flat paint and
● It is also sometimes referred to as optical brushstrokes.
realism due to its interest in the actual ● They may play with bold colors or, as in the
viewing experience, including such things case of Nicholson's "White Relief"
as the effect of color, light and movement sculptures, be completely devoid of color.
on the appearance of the objects depicted ● You will also notice a simplicity in
in the artworks perspective
● Focused on directly describing the visual ● Non-objective artists are not concerned with
sensations derived from nature vanishing points or other traditional realism
● Devotees of Impressionism were not techniques that show depth
concerned with the actual depiction of the
objects they painted. Instead, they were THE APPEAL OF NON-OBJECTIVE ART
concerned with the visual impressions ● It does not require the viewer to have a
aroused by those objects personal relationship with the subject, so it
● The theme of the Impressionism movement attracts a broader audience over many
teaches, “the human eye is a marvelous generations.
instrument”
SOURCES OF THE SUBJECT OF ART
• Nature
2. NON-REPRESENTATIONAL ART OR • History
NON-OBJECTIVE ART • Greek and Roman Mythology
● Arts without any reference to anything • Religion
outside itself (without representation) • Sacred oriental texts
● has no recognizable objects
● uses “content” and is concerned with CONTENT IN A WORK OF ART - refers to
“how” the artwork is depicted what is being depicted and might be helpful
● Non-objective art is abstract or in deriving a basic meaning. It appears in the
non-representational art visual arts in several forms, all of which may be
● tends to be geometric and does not figurative (realistic) or abstract (distorted)
represent specific objects, people, or other ● Among them are portraits, landscapes,
subjects found in the natural world still-life’s, genre art, and narrative art.
● One of the best-known non-objective artists ● CONTENT is the message given by the
is Wassily Kandinsky (1866–1944), a piece of art
pioneer of abstract art ● involves the subject, the techniques used to
● Non-Objective Art- used as a synonym for make the piece, the colors used, and
abstract art anything that was used by the artist to
● a style within the category of abstract work make a statement and give a message
and the subcategory of
non-representational art.

● Content is inextricably linked with form,

which refers to the visual aspects of art. It
CHARACTERISTICS OF NON-OBJECTIVE is communicated through the following:
ART 1. The art’s imagery
 2. The symbolic meaning ● Their art works can take many forms and fit
3. The environment where it is used into numerous categories, such as
4. The beliefs, customs, and values of the architecture, ceramics, digital art, drawings,
culture that uses it mixed media, paintings, photographs,
5. The writings that explain the work prints, sculpture, and textiles.
● Have the desire and ability to envision,
MAIN DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SUBJECT design, and fabricate the images, objects,
VS CONTENT and structures we all encounter, use,
Basis of Subject Content occupy, and enjoy every day of our lives.
comparison ● Dedicated only to the creative side, making
Definition Main object Meaning of visually pleasing work only for the
is an artwork the work of enjoyment and appreciation of the viewer,
art but with no functional value.
Determination Very Must be ● Create art without needing any ulterior
recognizable analyzed motives.
Work of art One of the Involves and
parts of a unifies all
work of art parts of the ARTISANS
artworks ● Or a craftsperson is a skilled worker, but not
the inventor of the original idea or form.
CONTEXT OF ART ● Do fashion jewelry, forge iron, or blow glass
● Context consists of all of the things about into patterns and objects of their own
the artwork that might have influenced the devising. (Craft arts)
artwork or the maker (artist). ● Their role was to make the objects and
● These would include when the work was build the structures for which they were
made; where it was made (both culturally hired, according to the design agreed upon
and geographically); why it was made with those for whom they were working.
● Contextualism—looking at the cultural ● A manual worker who makes items with
context of an artwork—can deepen and/or his/her hands, and who through skill,
improve our understanding of an artwork, experience and talent can create things of
but it may or may not change our first great beauty as well as being functional.
impressions; and it doesn’t really have an ● Before the industrial revolution virtually
effect on formal analysis everything was made by artisans, from
smiths (goldsmiths, blacksmiths,
ART AND ARTIST CONTEXT locksmiths, gunsmiths) to weavers, dyers
The context for the artist or creator includes: carpenters, potters, etc.
• Their culture, their worldview (where they
grew up; family values; etc.)
• Their place; geography (e.g., city, rural, MEDIEVAL EUROPE OR MIDDLE AGES (5TH
home, traveling) TO 15TH CENTURY)
• Their “worldview,” religion, beliefs, etc. ● Artisan generally began around the age of
12 as an apprentice.
VIEWER CONTEXT ● Apprentice- a student who learned all
• Time aspects of a profession from a master
• Culture who had their own workshop.
• Nationality ● Apprenticeships lasted 5 – 9 years or
• Gender more.
LESSON 3: ARTISTS AND ARTISANS ● At the end of that period, an apprentice
became a journeyman and was allowed to
ARTISTS
become a member of the craft guild that
● A person with the talent and the skills to
supervised training and standards for those
conceptualize and make creative works.
working in that trade.
● To achieve full status in the guild, a ● The journey an artist goes through in order
journeyman had to complete their to visually express meaning.
“masterpiece,” demonstrating sufficient
skill and craftsmanship to be named a 5 STAGES OF THE CREATIVE PROCESS
master. 1. PREPARATION: The Inspiration Phase
(Inspiration)
2. INCUBATION: Absorbing and Processing
TO THE BALINESE: (Subconscious)
● The act of creation of beautiful things is 3. INSIGHT: The “Eureka” Moment (”aha”) or
second nature. the Illumination stage
4. EVALUATION: Putting Your Idea Through
KEY COMPONENTS OF THE ART MARKET the Wringer (Opinions)
ART MARKET- Marketplace of buyers and 5. ELABORATION: Putting Pen to Paper (So
sellers trading in commodities, services, and to Speak) (Action)
works of art.
1. Curator (from Latin word cura - “to take STEPS OF CREATIVE PROCESS
care”) by Robert Fritz
● A manager/ overseer and keeper of a 1. Conceive the result one wants to create
cultural heritage institution. 2. Know what currently exists.
● Ana Maria Theresa P. Labrador - assistant 3. Take actions.
Director at National Museum of the 4. Develop one's creativity.
Philippines. Chief curator and head of
collections management. THREE STAGES IN THE CREATIVE
● Maria Isabel Garcia- conceptualized The PROCESS
Mind Museum and served as its curator 1. Germination (Ideas)
since 2007. ● Burst of energy.
● Antonio Leaño- Filipino Asian Modern and ● Time for generating action
Contemporary painter. 2. Assimilation
● Most crucial stage.
2. Art Dealer ● Growth and development stage.
● A person/ company that buys and sells ● Internalizing the vision.
works of art. ● Making it part of yourself.
● Albert Scaglione- founder and CEO of 3. Completion
Park West Gallery. The world’s largest art ● Finishing your creation and bringing it to full
dealer. fruition.
● David Nahmad- billionaire and former fine
art dealer. The greatest collector of THREE STAGES IN ART MAKING
Picasso’s work. 1. Pre-production/ Subject development
● Artist always begin with an idea that he
3. Art Buyer wants to express or communicate to his
● Professional who is knowledgeable in art. audience.
● May scout talents for an advertising agency 2. Production or Medium Manipulation
seeking to employ an art director. ● The execution of art.
● May look for an art for a collection or a 3. Post-production (completion) or exhibition
company. ● How the artwork will be circulated in the art
world or in the public.

MEDIUM AND ART TECHNIQUES

CREATIVE PROCESS MEDIUM (plural- media)- substance the artist
● The way ideas, art, or creative thinking uses to create a piece of artwork.
comes about. ● As a type of Art
● Have structure.
● Every category of artwork is its own ● The artist’s ability and knowledge or
medium (painting, printmaking, sculpture) technical know-how in manipulating the
● As an Artistic Material medium (use of lines, shapes points, etc.)
● Different materials/ supplies that an artist
utilizes in order to create a work of art. EXPLORING THE WORLD OF TECHNIQUES
● In painting, it can refer to both the type of ● Oil pastels
paint used and the base or ground to which ● Watercolors
the paint is applied. ● White colored pencil
Mixed Media ● Pointillism with acrylics
● Artists who use multiple media in a single ● Drawing with pencils
piece of art, which is common for ● Colored pencils
techniques like a collage. ● Mosaics with paper
● 3D art with cardboard
David (1501- 1504) by Michaelangelo
● sculpture- marble
Lesson 5
Stabiles by Alexander Calder The Principles of Art
● abstract sculpture- painted steel plates
1. Balance-is concerned with the visual
Fountain by Marcel Duchamp distribution or weight of the elements in a
● sculpture- porcelain work of art
● A painting could be balanced if
Gouache on paper one half is of the same visual weight as the
● A type of art that is executed with opaque another half
watercolors mixed with gum.
There are three different types of balance:
Tempera on board 1. Symmetrical
● A method of painting with pigments 2. Asymmetrical
dispersed in an emulsion miscible with 3. Radial
water, typically egg yolk.
● Used in Europe for fine painting, mainly on 2. Proportion- concerns the relationship
wood panels, from the 12th or early 13th between the sizes of different parts in an
century until the 15th. artwork.
● Tempera- “to bring to a desired
consistency.” 3. Emphasis- is a way of using
elements to stress a certain area
Oil on canvas in an artwork.
● A medium consisting of pigments ● another way to describe a
suspended in drying oils. focal point in your artwork

4. Contrast- is everything in art. Without it,

an artwork would be nothing but a blank
surface.

TECHNIQUE Contrast can come in many forms:

● Instrument or method used in the
application of media, including any Texture contrast
reproductive method. ● A contrast between smooth and textured
Color contrast Patterns are simply a repetition of
● A contrast between light and dark, more than one design element
saturated and dull or complementary working in concert with each other
colors (hue contrast)
Detail contrast Rhythm when you repeat elements, the
● A contrast between areas of detail and intervals between those repetitions can create
blander areas a sense of rhythm in the viewer and a sense
Shape contrast of movement
● A contrast between different shapes
(rectangles and circles) 5 Types of Rhythm
Interval contrast
● A contrast between long and short 1. Random rhythm
intervals ● Repeating elements with no specific
● can be used to create a sense of rhythm regular interval create random rhythms
in your artwork. 2. Regular rhythm
● follows the same intervals over and over
5. Harmony and Unity again.
● Harmony is a bit vague compared to 3. Alternating rhythm
some of the other principles ● You can repeat more than one element
● refers to how well all the visual elements in a design. In an alternating design, you
work together in a work of art use a 1-2-1-2-1-2 pattern
● Unity refers to some kind of connection 4. Flowing rhythm
between all the visual elements in a ● A flowing rhythm shows the repeated
work of art elements following bends, curves, and
● this is a bit of a vague term which is undulations
difficult to objectively use to analyze art 5. Progressive rhythm
● We can make a progressive rhythm
6. Variety- refers to the use of differing simply by changing one characteristic of
qualities or instances of the visual a motif as we repeat it.
elements ● We could draw a series of circles, one
● can be used to break up monotonous or above the other, making each lower one
repetitive areas larger

7. Movement- Your paints cannot

physically move, but you can arrange
the paints in a way which gives the
illusion or suggestion of movement.

8. Scale- Refers to the size of an object

compared to the rest of the
surroundings.

9. Rhythm- refers to a relationship

between elements that creates a sense
of harmony

Lesson 6 Painting as Visual Art

Kinds of Rhythm

Repetition is simply repeating a single History of Painting

element many times in a design
 ● painting has its documented origins in • Abstractionism
caves and on rock faces
• Dadaism
● The finest examples, believed by some • Pointillism
to be 32,000 years old, are in the
Chauvet and Lascaux caves in southern • Cubism
France. In shades of red, brown, yellow
and black, the paintings on the walls • Futurism
and ceilings are of bison, cattle, horses • Surrealism
and deer
PAINTING TOOL
● Paintings of human figures can be found
in the tombs of ancient Egypt ● is a tool or function in a graphics editing
or painting program used to change the
● One of the best remaining area of the canvas or image by adding
representations is the mosaic of the paint strokes or filling the areas with
Battle of Issus at Pompeii, which was color
probably based on a Greek painting. ● most common painting tools are the
brush and the pencil
● Greek and Roman art contributed to
Byzantine art in the 4th century BC, ART TOOLS AND MATERIALS FOR
which initiated a tradition in icon painting DRAWING AND PAINTING
1. Graphite pencils
● The invention of photography had a
major impact on painting. In the 2. Brushes
decades after the first photograph was
produced in 1829, photographic 3. Paint
processes improved and became more
4. Kneaded eraser
widely practiced, depriving painting of
much of its historic purpose to provide 5. Painting or drawing paper pads
an accurate record of the observable
world 6. Painting knife or a palette knife
7. Painting palette
A series of art movements in the late 19th and
8. Masking tape
early 20th centuries— Impressionism,
Post-Impressionism, Fauvism, 9. Sponges
Expressionism, Cubism, and Dadaism 10. Stencils
—challenged the Renaissance view of the
11. Brayer
world
PAINTING MEDIA AND TECHNIQUES
The Styles and Movements
1. Acrylics
Painting Styles
● Acrylic paint is a fast-drying paint made
• Realism
of pigment suspended in acrylic polymer
• Impressionism emulsion and plasticizers, silicon oils,
defoamers, stabilizers, or metal soaps.
• Expressionism
● Most acrylic paints are water-based, but
• Fauvism become water-resistant when dry
2. Oils
 ● Oil paint is a type of slow-drying paint 3 TYPES
that consists of particles of pigment
1. Buon Affresco (True Fresco),
suspended in a drying oil, commonly
linseed oil ● the most common fresco method,
3. Tempera involves the use of pigments mixed with
water (without a binding agent) on a thin
● Also known as poster board paint, layer of wet, fresh, lime mortar or plaster
tempera paint is great for crafts and art (intonaco).
projects because it's fast drying, long
lasting, and easy to clean. 2. Mezzo Fresco (Medium Fresco)
● It's also not likely to flake, streak, or ● involves painting onto almost but not
crack.
quite dry intonaco so that the pigment
● Tempera paint is water-soluble, and the
only penetrates slightly into the plaster
majority of tempera paint available is
non-toxic. 3. Fresco Secco (Dry Fresco)
Egg Tempera: egg yolk can be added to make ● is a wall painting technique where
it enamel-like and permanent pigments mixed with an organic binder
and/or lime are applied onto a dry
4. Watercolor
plaster
● Watercolor paint is a translucent
6. Encaustic
medium suitable for many purposes
● made from a color pigment dispersed in ● also known as hot wax painting,
a suspension that binds the pigment and ● involves using heated encaustic medium
allows it to adhere to a surface when dry to which colored pigments have been
added for creating artworks.
Types of watercolors
● Molten medium is applied to a
A. Transparent water colors come in tubes or surface—usually prepared wood, though
pans. canvas and other materials are
sometimes used.
B. Opaque watercolor - also called gouache, is
usually obtained in tubes, but are also familiar Techniques and Styles in Painting
in the form of poster paints.
Cloisonnism
5. Fresco
● is a style of post-Impressionist painting
● is a technique of mural painting with bold and flat forms separated by
executed upon freshly laid lime plaster. dark contours.
● Water is used as the vehicle for the ● The term was coined by critic Edouard
dry-powder pigment to merge with the Dujardin on the occasion of the Salon
plaster, and with the setting of the des Indépendants, in March 1888
plaster, the painting becomes an integral
part of the wall.
● e Italian word ‘fresco’ (‘fresh’)
● the term refers to wall paintings Constructivism
generally made on wet plaster so that
the coloured pigment is absorbed into ● was an artistic and architectural
the surface of the wall, resulting in philosophy that originated in Russia
brilliant, vibrant colours
 beginning in 1915 by Vladimir Tatlin and emulsion and plasticizers, silicon oils,
Alexander Rodchenko. defoamers, stabilizers, or metal soaps
● Abstract and austere, constructivist art Body Art (Tattooing) A Tattoo is a permanent
aimed to reflect modern industrial mark or design on the body made by
society and urban space introducing indelible ink into the dermis layer of
Expressionism the skin
A handicraft, expressed as artisanal
● is a modernist movement, initially in
handicraft or handmade, is any of a wide
poetry and painting, originating in
variety of types of work where useful and
Northern Europe around the beginning
decorative objects are made completely by
of the 20th century.
one’s hand
● Its typical trait is to present the world
solely from a subjective perspective,
distorting it radically for emotional effect
in order to evoke moods or ideas
Pointillism

● is a technique of painting in which

small, distinct dots of color are applied
in patterns to form an image.
● Georges Seurat and Paul Signac
developed the technique in 1886,
branching from Impressionism
Related Techniques in Painting
Collage is a technique of art creation, primarily
used in the visual arts, but in music too, by
which art results from an assemblage of
different forms, thus creating a new whole
ceramic is any of the various hard, brittle, heat
resistant and corrosion-resistant materials
made by shaping and then firing an inorganic,
nonmetallic material, such as clay, at a high
temperature
Tapestry is a form of textile art, traditionally
woven by hand on a loom
Graphic Arts (Relief Printing, Intaglio Printing,
Planographic Painting, Stencil / Monotype)
A category of fine art, graphic art covers a GOODLUCK!!! <33
broad range of visual artistic expression,
typically twodimensional, i.e., produced on a
flat surface
Acrylic paint is a fast-drying paint made of
pigment suspended in acrylic polymer