PRELIM: ART APPRECIATION

L1: Humanities Purposes of the Arts

1. to create beauty
HUMANITIES
2. to provide decoration
• Humanities came from the Latin word 3. to reveal truth
humanus meaning refined, cultured and 4. to immortalize
human. 5. to express religious values
6. to record & commemorate experience
• Study of the different cultural aspect of man, 7. to create order & harmony
his frailties in life and how it can be improved.
L2: Art Expressions & Assumptions
• Records man’s quest for answers to the
fundamental questions he asks about himself Types of ART EXPRESSIONS
and about life.
VISUAL ARTS - Is the kind of art form that the
• Humanities are expressions of man’s feelings population is most likely more exposed to, but
and thoughts its variations are so diverse they range from
sculptures that you see in art galleries to the
•Emphasizes dignity and worthiness of man and last movie you saw. Some mediums of visual
recognizes creative expressions arts include paintings, drawings, lettering,
•aimed to shape students subjective energies printing, sculptures, digital imaging, and more.
(attitudes and aspirations) Architecture - is the art of designing and
ETYMOLOGY OF ART constructing buildings and other types of
structures. It is often referred to as the “mother
•ART comes from the Aryan root word AR of the arts” because it houses, serves as
which means to put together background for, or occurs in relation to other
• Latin word ARS which means skills/ability fields of art. Materials used include stone,
concrete, brick, wood, steel, glass, and plaster.
• cover those areas of artistic creativity
embraces the visual arts, literature, music and Performance art - is a live art and the artist’s
dance medium is mainly the human body which he or
she uses to perform, but also employs other
• expresses aesthetic ideas by use of skill & kind of art such as visual art, props, or sound.
imagination
Theater - uses live performers to present
DIVISION OF THE ARTS accounts or imaginary events before a live
audience. Theater art performance usually
•Visual Arts: arts that are primarily seen,
follows a script, though they should not be
occupies space. Examples: paintings, sculptures
confused with literary arts.
and architectures.
Dance – is series of movements that follows the
•Auditory Arts: heard, timed arts exist in time.
rhythm of the music accompaniment.
Examples: music and poetry.
Dance (French dancier) generally refers to
• Combined/Performing Arts: combines visual
human movement either used as a form of
auditory elements. Examples: drama & theatre,
expression or presented in a social, spiritual or
dancing, cinema & TV, opera.
performance setting.
Choreography – art of making dances, and the • all have the same potential to communicate
person who does this is called a choreographer. with anyone.

Film - refers to the art of putting together Art is not NATURE

successions of still images in order to create an
• Man’s expression of his reception of nature
illusion of movement, Filmmaking focuses on its
• Man’s way of interpreting nature.
aesthetic, cultural, and social value and is
• Art is made by man, whereas nature is given
considered as both an art and an industry.
around us.
Poetry - is an art form where the artist
Art involves EXPERIENCE
expresses his emotions not by using paint,
charcoal, or camera, but expresses them • Other that the creativity and imagination
through words. capabilities of an individual, in order for you to
actually maximize your talent and skill and with
Literary art - goes beyond the usual
the thought of sharing it with Experience is
professional, academic, journalistic, and other
important.
technical form of writing. It focuses on writing
using a unique style, not following a specific Art as EXPRESSION
form or norm. It may include both fiction and
non-fiction such as novels, biographies and • Joan Mitchell
poems. Art is SUBJECTIVE
Applied arts - incorporate elements of style and • Art is completely subjective. It’s up to the
design to everyday items with the aim of viewer to judge whether or not it has merit.
increasing their aesthetical value. Artists in this
field bring beauty, charm, and comfort into
many things that are useful in everyday life.
Nature of Art
1. Art is a diverse range of human activities.
Assumptions of Arts 2. Art represents reality, a representation.
3. Art is an expression
Art is UNIVERSAL 4. Art serves as a means of communication of
• created by all people at all times emotions.
5. Art matters - illustrates human experiences
• No matter how isolated, people sing, dance,
6. Art is universal – a universal language and
tell stories, create monuments, and draw visual
through it each nation makes its own unique
patterns
contribution to the culture of mankind.
• present in all countries 7. Art is creation

• It lives because it is well lived and enjoyed L3: Functions Of Art

Art is CULTURAL FUNCTIONS OF ART

• Art is a reflection of people and their social
context A. AS A THERAPY

• separation in art is equal to separation in In its therapeutic function, art can be and is
society used as therapy for individuals with a variety of
illnesses, both physical and mental.
• no high or low art
B. ART AS ARTIFACT still life
portraits
Art also functions as an artifact: A product of a
particular time and place, an artwork represents Subject
the ideas and technology of that specific time refers to the visual focus or the image that may
and place. As we look back over history, we find be extracted from examining the artwork.
in art striking, and in some cases, the only, • What?
tangible records of some peoples. The insights
we gain into cultures, including our own are Content
enhanced tremendously by such artifacts as is the meaning that is communicated by the
paintings, sculptures, poems, plays, and artist or the artwork.
buildings. • Why?
Ex. Chinese Ming dynasty period between 1368 THE SUBJECT
-1644
• matter to be described or portrayed by the
C. PERSONAL FUNCTION OF ART artist
The personal functions of art are varied and • may be a person, object, scene or event
highly subjective. This means that its function
depend on the person the artist who created • classified by: TYPE, SOURCE and KIND
the art.
TYPE
• Self-expression or gratification
1. Representational Art or Objective Art
D. SOCIAL FUNCTION OF ART
• represent objects that are commonly
Art is considered to have a social function if and recognized by most people
when it addresses a particular collective interest
as opposed to a personal interest. Political art is • attempt to copy something that is real
a very common example of an art with a social • images need not be true to life but it must
function. Art may convey message of protest, clearly represent or be recognizable
contestation, or whatever message the artist
intends his work to carry. • uses form

• Influence social behavior. • concerned with what is to be depicted

•Display and celebration 2. Non Representational Art or Non Objective
E. PHYSICAL FUNCTION OF ART Art

The physical functions of art are the easiest to • Art without any reference to any objects in
spot and understand. The physical functions of our world
art can be found in artworks that are crafted in • Abstract so no recognizable objects
order to serve some physical purpose.
• It uses content
• Form and function
•Architecture • concerned with how the artwork is depicted

The SUBJECT OF ART

landscapes
SOURCE 5. Cityscape

1. Nature
2. Religion
3. History
4. Greek and Roman Mythology
5. Fantasy
6. Emotion
6. Portraiture
KIND
1. Still life
• nonmoving, nonliving objects
• usually set indoors
• contains at least one man made object

7. Genre

2. Animals

8. Visionary Expression

3. Landscape

4. Seascape The CONTENT IN ART

Levels of meaning

Factual
Pertains to the most rudimentary level of
meaning for it may be extracted from the
identifiable or recognizable forms in the
artwork and understanding how these elements
relate to on another.
Conventional • Artisan: An artisan is a skilled worker who
meaning on the other hand, pertains to the makes things by hand.
acknowledged interpretation of the artwork
Characteristics of Artist and Artisan:
using motifs, signs, symbols and other cyphers
as bases of its meaning. These conventions are Artistic Value:
established through time, strengthened by
recurrent use and wide acceptance by its • Artist: The object has a clear artistic value.
viewers or audience and scholars who study • Artisan: The object has an artistic value.
then.
Functional Value:
Subjective
• Artist: The object has no functional value.
when subjectivities are consulted, a variety of
• Artisan: The object has a functional value.
meaning may arise when a particular work of
art is read. These meaning stem from the Object:
viewer’s or audience’s circumstances that come
into play when engaging with art. • Artist: The object has a lot of aesthetic value
and is appreciated for this quality as it pleases
L4: Artist & Artisan the individual.
• Artisan: The object though utilitarian has
ARTIST
certain aesthetic attributes to it.
•A person with talent
Cologne Cathedral in Germany
•Have skills to conceptualize
• An examples of early Gothic architecture.
•Make creative work
•This is also a collaboration between the artist
•Dedicated to the creative and aesthetic side who made the design and the Artisan who help
in the construction of the whole building.
•Only for the enjoyment and appreciation of
the viewer Artisan and Guilds
ARTISAN • These guilds where towns had formalized
groups of artisans or craftsmen who took on a
•A manual worker who makes items in his/her particular specialization or trade; shoemakers,
hand. textile and glass workers, carpenters, carvers,
• Through skill, experience and talent can masons, armorers, and weapon-makers, among
create things of great value as well as being others. Here, the practice of artists was not
functional. grounded on the idea of individual capacities or
success; rather, in the commitment to work
What is the difference between Artist and together as a collective.
Artisan?
• Guilds were a type of social fellowship, an
Definitions of Artist and Artisan: association structured with rules, customs,
• Artist: An artist is a person who performs any rights, and responsibilities. With a lifetime
of the creative arts. commitment to a particular trade, an artisans
develops immense skill and expertise in his
craft.
PHILIPPINE Artisans (3) postproduction.

• Church of the Most Holy Trinity in Loay,

Bohol.

• Spanish friars commissioned a lot of artisans

to carve, paint, and engrave images for
churches and public sites.

What is an Art Curator?

Art curators are employed by museums and art
galleries to design, develop and manage
installations and exhibits. This requires them to National Commission for Culture and
acquire works of art, ensure proper storage and
the Arts (NCCA) formulates and
help maintain museum collections. Art curators
implements policies and plans that will
typically specialize in specific areas of art, like
conserve and promote the nation's historical
Western, Asian or contemporary art. The job
and cultural heritage.
duties of a curator are vast. They may put on
public events like lectures and workshops, write 2 Major Awards given to artist in the
grants and conduct fundraising activities. In Philippines are:
addition, they conduct research projects and 1. Order of National Artist (Pambansang Alagad
write papers for publication. ng Sining)
2. National Living Treasures Award (Gawad sa
Role of an Art Curator?
Manlilikha ng Bayan GAMABA)
The role of the curator is more of the
interpretation and development of the • Order of National Artists - is the highest
artwork(s) or the collection(s) through national recognitions given to Filipino
establishing the significance, relationship, and individuals who have made significant
relevance of these materials----in isolation contributions to the development of Philippine
and/or as part of a wider narrative. Some of the arts; namely, Music, Dance, Theater, Visual arts,
roles expected of curators are the ability to Literature, film, broadcast arts, and architecture
research and write, as an arbiter of design and and allied arts.
layout, and deciding for the display and hanging
The order is jointly administered by the
of materials foe exhibition.
National Commission for Culture and the Arts
FILM MAKING (NCCA) and the Cultural Center of the
Production Process Philippines (CCP) conferred by the President of
(1) preproduction. the Philippines upon recommendation by both
(2) production, and institutions.

Criteria for the National Artists of the

Philippines

•Must be a Filipino citizen;

•Work has contributed to nation-building;

•Their distinctive style and pioneering works The National Living Treasures Award (Gawad
impacts succeeding generations of artist; sa Manlilikha ng Bayan GAMABA) -created in
1902
•There is excellence in the practice of their art
form; • A “Manlilikha ng Bayan” who is a “citizen
engaged in any traditional art uniquely Filipino
•Their art form enriches artistic expression or
whose distinctive skills have reached such a
style; and
high level of technical and artistic excellence
•Their work is prestigious national and and have been passed on to and widely
international recognition. practiced by the present generation in his/her
community with the same degree of technical
and artistic competence” (NCCA,2015). This
artists’ practice may fall under the following
categories: folk, architecture, maritime
transport, weaving, carving, performing arts,
literature, graphic and plastic art, ornament,
textile or fiber art, pottery and other artistic
expressions of traditional culture.

1. is an inhabitant of an indigenous/traditional
cultural community anywhere in the Philippines
that has preserved indigenous customs, beliefs,
rituals and traditions and/or has syncretized
whatever external elements that have
influenced it.

2. must have engaged in a folk art tradition that

has been in existence and documented for at
least 50 years.

3. must have consistently performed or

produced over a significant period, works of
superior and distinctive quality.

4. must possess a mastery of tools and

materials needed by the art, and must have an
established reputation in the art as master and
maker of works of extraordinary technical
quality.

5. must have passed on and/or will pass on too

their members of the community their skills in
the folk art for which the community is
traditionally known.
The Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan YABING MASALON DULO
(GAMABA) Awardees Ikat Weaver - South Cotabato
GINAW BILOG Philippine Heritage Awards
Poet - Oriental Mindoro - is a conservation recognition program
MASINO INTARAY conferred by the President of the
Musician, Story teller – Palawan Philippines, upon the recommendation of
the NCCA, for special achievements and
SAMAON SULAIMAN important contributions and services in the
Musician – Maguindanao area of heritage preservation and
LANG DULAY conservation efforts.
Textile Weaver - South Cotabato Category: Adaptive Reuse
SALINTA MONON Palacio de Memoria -Located along Roxas
Textile Weaver - Davao del Sur Boulevard in Parañaque City. The
DARHATA SAWABI picturesque pre-war mansion was restored
Textile Weaver – Sulu by the Lhuillier family, who are committed
to showcase the Filipino culture, arts, and
MAGDALENA GAMAYO history.
Textile Weaver – Ilocos Norte
Category: Heritage Education and
AMBALANG AUSALIN Interpretation
Textile Weaver - Basilan
The Kagikan Project -made by the LGU of
ALONZO SACLAG Tagum City in Davao del Norte. This project
Musician, Dancer – Kalinga focuses on tracing the roots and history of
Tagum City through the Kagikan Museum
FEDERICO CABALLERO
and the Tagum City Library and Learning
Epic Chanter – Iloilo
Commons.
UWANG AHADAS
Partners for Indigenous Knowledge
Musician – Basilan
Philippines (PIKP) project in Cordillera -
EDUARDO MUTUC responded to the need for relevant and
Metalsmith – Pampanga accurate educational materials on
indigenous peoples to be able to support
HAJA AMINA APPI
indigenous elders, women, and youth in the
Mat Weaver - Tawi-Tawi
Cordillera.
ESTELITA BANTILAN • Heirloom Recipes of the Cordillera
Mat Weaver - South Cotabato
TEOFILO GARCIA
Casque Maker – Abra
L5: The Elements of Visual Arts Vertical lines – are poised for action. They are
poised, balanced, forceful, and dynamic. They
The elements of art are the visual components
express an impression of dignity.
which are required to create a work of art.
Only vertical lines can be used to express an
Knowing the basics of the elements of visual art orderly feeling.
can help any artist to create a well-balanced
Horizontal lines – are lines of repose and
and beautiful designs.
serenity. They express ideas of calmness and
To develop a more thorough understanding of quiescence.
artistic composition, one must learn how to Only horizontal lines can give a feeling of
examine and utilize the various art elements. peacefulness and stillness.

Diagonal lines - are used to create feelings of

The Elements of Visual Arts
movement or action.
1. Lines
Curved lines - sometimes referred as S curves,
2. Colors
suggest gracefulness or sexiness. If you want to
3. Texture
photograph S curves, the human body makes
4. Perspective
for a wonderful subject. From the arch of a foot
5. Space
to the curve of a neck, you can find many ways
6. Form
to capture curved leading lines by
7. Volume
photographing the human form.
Line It is up to the artist how he conveys his
is a mark on a surface that describes a shape or message, in the best way possible through the
outline. It can create texture and can be thick use of lines.
and thin. Types of line can include actual,
implied, vertical, horizontal, diagonal and 3 Main Types of Lines
contour line.
Repetition – occurs when two or more lines are
• is an important element at the disposal of drawn within a corner following the lines of the
every artist. corner.

• always has direction, always moving. Contrast - Lines that are in opposition to each
other form a contrast.
• as used in any work of art, may either be
straight or curved. Transition line - is a line that connects two
workflow elements. Transition lines allow you
• A line can be used to express various things or
to define what the next step in a workflow will
feelings; it can be used to show various moods
be.
or anything abstract.
Color
4 Kinds of LINES
refers to the visual perception of light being
Vertical lines
reflected from a surface of an artwork.
Horizontal lines
Diagonal lines In the most basic classification, colors can be
Curved lines divided into 3 groups:
• primary
• secondary Perspective
• tertiary deals with the effect of distance upon the
A color wheel is an abstract illustrative appearance of objects, by means of which the
organization of color hues around a circle that eye judges spatial relationships.
shows relationships between primary, 2 Kinds of Perspective
secondary, and tertiary colors, etc.
• Linear perspective – is the representation of
Attributes of Color an appearance of distance by means of
• Hue - is the term for the pure spectrum colors converging lines.
commonly referred to by the "color names" - • It has to do with the direction of lines and
red, orange, yellow, blue, green violet - which with the size of objects.
appear in the hue circle or rainbow. • Aerial perspective - is the representation of
Theoretically all hues can be mixed from three relative distances of objects by gradations of
basic hues, known as primaries. tone or color.
• Value - refers to the lightness or darkness of • Objects become fainter in the distance due
a color. It is the quality which depends on the to the effect of the atmosphere. Objects
amount of light and dark in color. appear to be lighter in color as they recede into
the distance or atmosphere.
Intensity - refers to the brightness or darkness
of color. It gives color strength. When a hue is Space
vivid form, it is said to be in full intensity. When as an element of art, refers to distances or
it is dulled, it is said to be partly neutralized. areas around, between or within components
of a piece.
• Tints are values above the normal
• Tone are normal • Space can be positive (white or light) or
• Shades are values below the normal. negative (black or dark), open or closed, shallow
or deep and two dimensional or three
Texture dimensional.
➢ is the element that deals more directly with
• Sometimes space isn't actually within a piece,
the sense of touch.
but the illusion of it is.
➢ applies to how an object feels or appears to
feel. 2 Kinds of Space
➢rough or smooth, fine or coarse, shiny or dull,
Positive space – the areas in a work of art that
plain or irregular.
are the subjects, or areas of interest.
Implied texture - expresses the idea of how a
Negative space – areas around the subjects, or
surface might feel. For example, a painting of a
areas of interest.
blanket might convey the idea that the blanket
is soft. Form (SHAPE)
Actual texture - on the other hand, is texture applies to the over-all design of a work of art.
that can actually be felt. For example, a ceramic • It describes the structure or shape of an
bowl might feature a carved texture that could object.
be felt when holding that bowl.
• only applied to those artworks that are three-
dimensional

2 Kinds of Forms

➢ Geometric Forms

➢ Organic Forms

KENNETH COBONPUE’S DESIGNS

• Knottee hanging lamp at Hive
• Croissant sofa
• Yin Yang Chair
• Amaya Coffee Table

Volume
refers to the amount of space occupied in
three dimensions.
• It refers to solidity or thickness.