Course Project Details

BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FUNCTIONALITY AND
BATTERY PACK TOPOLOGY

ABSTRACT:
Battery Management System (BMS) safety is one of the most elevated concerns in the
battery industry. To assure battery safety, several norms and standards are created and
enforced for various uses. A battery's high-power density and high energy density
make them suitable for usage as energy storage devices in green technology. Batteries
are the most practical method of energy storage; however, mishaps still occur in the
battery system. Our goal is to maintain the on/off requirements for the main
contactors, voltage, current, and temperature profiles in conformity with the
associated safety procedure requirements while controlling battery systems to keep
them within the BMS's operating limitations. The simulation platform's model is
essential to developing a successful battery-powered system. In this project, an
electrical battery model was created using MATLAB/Simulink. The structure of a
battery model is shown and properly analysed. The battery model that was developed
is validated using the experiment results. The comparison demonstrates that the
developed model can make accurate predictions about current-voltage performance.
INTRODUCTION:
Battery Management Systems (BMS) are electrical devices that are a part of hybrid or
electric vehicle (EV) systems that are connected between the charger and the battery.
BMS can be thought of as the brains of battery packs or as crucial basic components
of vehicle with a battery as its power source. The two primary and most crucial tasks
performed by BMS are energy management and safety protection, the latter of which
is of the utmost importance. BMS may control the output, direct the charge-discharge
input, and notify users of the battery packs' state in this way. Additionally, they offer
vital safeguards that defend the battery against harm. The State of Charge (SOC) and
State of Health (SOH) of the battery can be monitored by the BMS for energy
management in order to estimate the driving range. This energy management concept
only pertains to the fuel gauge metre found in typical gasoline vehicles or internal
combustion engines (ICE).
In addition to the battery's technology, the battery management system is also a factor
in safety and dependability (3). Due to its chemistry history, a lithium-ion battery is
susceptible to exploding if overcharged due to its instability, entropy changes, and
flammability. As a result, it is crucial to develop technologies that optimise vehicle
operation and improve battery performance in a safe and reliable manner for a BMS.
Therefore, a comprehensive list of BMS functions could be developed, including
protection of safety, data achievement, transmission of battery status and
authentication to a user interface, control of battery charging and discharging, ability
to determine and predict the state of the battery, communication with all battery
components, thermal management, cell balancing, and extended battery life. Given the
rapid expansion of the EV and HEV markets globally, it is essential to establish a
mature and complete BMS for the future of the industry.
METHODOLOGY:
The SOC is one of the most important parameters for batteries, but its definition
presents many different issues. In general, the SOC of a battery is defined as the ratio
of its current capacity (𝑄(𝑡)) to the nominal capacity (𝑄𝑛). The nominal capacity is
given by the manufacturer and represents the maximum amount of charge that can be
stored in the battery (4). The SOC can be defined as follows: The various
mathematical methods of estimation are classified according to methodology. The
classification of these SOC estimation methods is different in the various literatures.
However, some literatures allow a division into the following four categories. (i)
Direct measurement: this method uses physical battery properties, such as the voltage
and impedance of the battery. (ii) Bookkeeping estimation: this method uses
discharging current as the input and integrates the discharging current over time to
calculate the SOC. (iii) Adaptive systems: the adaptive systems are self-designing and
can automatically adjust the SOC for different discharging conditions. Various new
adaptive systems for SOC estimation have been developed. (iv) Hybrid methods: the
hybrid models benefit from the advantages of each SOC estimation method and allow
a globally optimal estimation performance (4). The literature shows that the hybrid
methods generally produce good estimation of SOC, compared to individual methods
MODEL MATLAB BLOCK

DIAGRAM
REFERENCE
1. Y. Xing, E. W. M. Ma, K. L. Tsui, M. Pecht, “Battery management systems in
electric and hybrid vehicles,” Energies, 4, no. 11. pp. 1840–1857, 2011.
2. Venkatasubramanian, V.; Rengaswamy, R.; Yin, K.; Kavuri, S.N. A review of
process fault detection and diagnosis. Comput. Chem. Eng. 2003, 27, 293–311.
[CrossRef].
3.Ma, S.; Jiang, M.; Tao, P.; Song, C.; Wu, J.; Wang, J.; Deng, T.; Shang, W.
Temperature effect and thermal impact in lithium-ion batteries: A review. Prog. Nat.
Sci. Mater. Int. 2018, 28, 653–666. [CrossRef].
4. comparison of soc estimation methods in battery management system using matlab
Mrs Rakshitha, Dr Usha Surendra, Vishveshwar bhat [CrossRef].
5. Lystianingrum, V.; Hredzak, B.; Agelidis, V.G. Multiple model estimator-based
detection of abnormal cell overheating in a Li-ion battery string with minimum
number of temperature sensors. J. Power Sources 2015, 273, 1171– 1181. [CrossRef].

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BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FUNCTIONALITY AND

BATTERY PACK TOPOLOGY

MODEL MATLAB BLOCK

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