UNIT 9: NATURAL DISASTERS

Unit
NATURAL DISASTERS
9

PART 1: vocabulary and GRAMMAR REVIEW

A. VOCABULARY

Word Type Pronunciation Meaning

accommodation (n) /əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃn/ chỗ ở
bury (v) /ˈberi/ chôn vùi, vùi lấp
collapse (v) /kəˈlæps/ đổ, sập, sụp, đổ sập
damage (n) /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ sự thiệt hại, sự hư hại
disaster (n) /dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/ tai họa, thảm họa
drought (n) /draʊt/ hạn hán
earthquake (n) /ˈɜːθkweɪk/ trận động đất
erupt (v) /ɪˈrʌpt/ phun (núi lửa)
eruption (n) /ɪˈrʌpʃn/ sự phun (núi lửa)
evacuate (v) /ɪˈvækjueɪt/ sơ tán
forest fire (n) /ˈfɒrɪst ˈfaɪə(r)/ cháy rừng
homeless (adj) /ˈhəʊmləs/ không có nhà cửa, vô gia cư
mudslide (n) /ˈmʌdslaɪd/ lũ bùn
put out (v) /pʊt ʌp/ dập tắt (lửa..)
rage (v) /reɪdʒ/ diễn ra ác liệt, hung dữ
rescue worker (n) /ˈreskjuː ˈwɜːkə(r)/ nhân viên cứu hộ
scatter (v) /ˈskætə(r)/ tung, rải, rắc
shake (v) /ʃeɪk/ rung, lắc, làm rung
tornado (n) /tɔːˈneɪdəʊ/ lốc xoáy
trap (v) /træp/ làm cho mắc kẹt
tsunami (n) /tsuːˈnɑːmi/ sóng thần
typhoon (n) /taɪˈfuːn/ bão nhiệt đới
victim (n) /ˈvɪktɪm/ nạn nhân

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B. GRAMMAR REVIEW
I. Passive voice (Câu bị động)

TENSES ACTIVE PASSIVE

1. The simple present S + V(-s/es) S + am/ is/ are + Vpp
2. The present continuous S + am/ is/ are + V-ing S + am/ is/ are + being + Vpp
3. The present perfect S + have/ has + Vpp S + have/ has + been + Vpp
4. The present perfect S + have/ has + been + being +
S + have/ has + been + V-ing
continuous Vpp
5. The simple past S + V2/ V-ed S + was/were + Vpp
6. The past continuous S + was/were + V-ing S + was/were +being + Vpp
7. The past perfect S + had + Vpp S + had + been + Vpp
8. The past perfect
S + had + been + V-ing S + had + been + being + Vpp
continuous
9. The simple future S + will/ shall + V S + will/ shall + be + Vpp
10. The future continuous S + will/ shall + be + V-ing S + will/ shall + be + being + Vpp
11. The simple future S + will/ shall + have + been +
S + will/ shall + have + Vpp
perfect Vpp
12. The near future S + be going to + V S + be going to + be + Vpp
13. Model verb (*) S + Modal verb + V-bare Inf S + Modal verb + be + Vpp

II. Past perfect tense. (Thì quá khứ hoàn thành)

A. Forms - Dạng thức
1. Affirmative - Dạng khẳng định
S + had + PII
Part participle PII - Quá khứ phân từ
Trợ động từ had dùng cho mọi chủ ngữ. Had được viết tắt thành ’d.
Ví dụ: When we arrived, she had left. (Khi chúng tôi đến, cô ấy đã đi.)
2. Negative - Dạng phủ định
S + had not + PII
Ví dụ: Karen had not finished making dinner by the time her husband came home. (Karen đã vẫn
chưa nấu xong bữa tối khi chồng cô ấy về nhà.)
3. Interrogative - Dạng nghi vấn
Had + S + PII?
- Yes, S + had.
- No, S + had not.
Ví dụ: Had you studied English before you moved to New York? (Bạn đã học tiếng Anh trước khi
chuyển đến New York chứ?)

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B. Uses - Cách dùng

1. Thì Quá khứ hoàn thành diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra trước một hành động hay một thời điểm
khác trong quá khứ. Cách dùng này thường sử dụng các cách diễn đạt thời gian “before, after, by,
by the time”.
Ví dụ:
She had left before we got home. (Cô ấy đã rời đi trước khi chúng tôi về đến nhà.)
She had left by 8 a.m. (Cô ấy đã rời đi trước 8 giờ sáng.)
2. Thì Quá khứ hoàn thành diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và để lại kết quả hay dấu hiệu trong quá
khứ.
Ví dụ: They were happy because they had scored a goal. (Họ vui mừng vì họ đã ghi được một bàn
thắng.)
3. Thì Quá khứ hoàn thành là dạng quá khứ của thì Hiện tại hoàn thành.
Ví dụ:
Thì HTHT: We aren‟t hungry. We have just eaten lunch. (Hiện tại chúng tôi không đói. Chúng tôi
vừa mới ăn trưa.)
Thì QKHT: We weren‟t hungry. We had just eaten lunch. (Chúng tôi không đói. Chúng tôi đã ăn
trưa trước đó rồi.)

C. Signals - Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì quá khứ hoàn thành
before (trước khi)
after (sau khi)
By the time (tính đến lúc)
By + time (in the past) (tính đến (một thời gian trong quá khứ))
forgot, realized, remembered (quên, nhận ra, nhớ (đã hoặc chưa làm gì))

PART 2: EXERCISE

A. PHONETICS
I. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.
1. A. twice B. flight C. piece D. mind
2. A. about B. around C. sound D. young
3. A. cover B. oven C. coffee D. company
4. A. plates B. cakes C. mates D. places
5. A. laughed B. learned C. changed D. arrived

II. Choose the words that have the different stress from the others.
1. A. relief B. debris C. typhoon D. severe
2. A. erupt B. victim C. forest D. message
3. A. volcano B. tropical C. government D. property
4. A. geography B. evacuate C. emergency D. temporary
5. A. scatter B. earthquake C. collapse D. mudslide

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B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

I. Find the one choice that best completes the sentence:
1. A table with four chairs is .................. of the dining room.
A. in B. the middle C. in the middle D. about
2. You .................. brush your teeth twice a day.
A. should B. can C. will D. have
3. Tim is a good student. He did very well in the first semester. His mother is .................. him.
A. sorry for B. sad C. proud of D. displeased
4. The new hotel .................. next year.
A. is opened B. will be opened C. is opening D. opens
5. Would you mind .................. on the light?
A. turn B. to turn C. turned D. turning
6. - Where is the fridge? - It‟s .................. the corner of the kitchen.
A. in B. at C. to D. above
7. Did the children enjoy .................. when they were on holiday?
A. themselves B. themself C. himself D. itself
8. Carmen didn‟t use to eat fish, but now she ..................
A. used to B. do C. does D. doesn‟t
9. I never go to Australia. I .................. to Australia yet.
A. went B. have been C. will go D. haven‟t been
10. I‟m .................. Let‟s do something. How about going to a movie?
A. boring B. bore C. bored D. being bored
11. I‟m hungry. .................. is for dinner this evening?
A. Why B. When C. How D. What
12. The old lady sat in a corner talking to ..................
A. himself B. itself C. herself D. themselves
13. I .................. swimming very much.
A. wait B. try C. enjoy D. finish
14. The teacher said, “Come at 8 o‟clock”.
à The teacher told the students .................. at 8 o‟clock.
A. not to come B. to come C. coming D. came
15. Mary is watching a film. She really likes it. Mary is really ..................
A. to interest B. interest C. interested D. interesting
16. .................. to do homework today?
A. Have you B. Do you have C. Must you D. You must
17. She knows that he worked really .................. this semester.
A. good B. hardly C. better D. hard
18. Stop, boys! It‟s .................. near the streets.
A. dangerous for playing B. dangerously to play
C. dangerous to playing D. dangerous to play

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19. It‟s possible to supplement one‟s .................. by taking a part-time job.

A. income B. earning C. gaining D. attainment
20. Do you mind if I switch on the radio? - ..................
A. No, thank B. Yes, go ahead C. No, not at all D. Yes, you can

II. Fill in the correct verb form.

1. They (come) .......................... back home after they (finish) .......................... their work.
2. She said that she (meet) .......................... Mr. Bean before.
3. Before he (go) .......................... to bed, he (read) .......................... a novel.
4. He told me he (not/wear) ...................................... such kind of clothes before.
5. When I came to the stadium, the match (start) ......................................
6. After Nick (do) ............................ his homework, he (go) ............................ to bed last night.
7. Mai (live) ............................ in Hai Phong for five years before she (move) ............................
to Ha Noi three years ago.
8. Phong (tell) .......................... me yesterday that he (learn) .......................... French for a year.
9. Ms. Hong (work) ............................ at our school for twenty years before she (retire)
............................ last June.
10. By the time I (get) ....................................... to Nick‟s house, his party (already/ start)
................................................
11. When we (come) ..................................... back to our home village last month, it (change)
............................ so much.
12. I couldn‟t recognize my cousin because he (grow) ............................ a lot.
13. By the time the bus (come) ............................ this morning, Duong (wait) ............................
for it for half an hour.
14. Before she (listen) ............................ to music, she (do) ............................ homework.
15. Last night, Peter (go) ...................... to the supermarket before he (go) ........................ home.

C. READING
I. Choose the correct word A, B, C or D for each gap to complete the following passage.
More than a billion people all over the world are (1) the threat of desert
expansion, but few of them are aware that they themselves cause it and are also its (2) .
People cut (3) trees for fuel and farmland. Their herd eat (4) the grass covering
valley floors and hillsides. The climate and soil quality, therefore, are affected and forests are
turned into (5) .
In some places, many people had to leave their homes when their wells became dry and sand
buried their houses and crops. Therefore, government in nearby areas have had local people (6)
trees and banned burning firewood for fuel. Many techniques have been (7) . For
example, in Iran, a thin covering of oil was poured on sandy areas to retain (8) for
planting trees, but this method may harm the environment. Other countries built long canals or
pipelines (9) water to desert areas.
Unless people find more (10) methods, their homes and land will be lost. The last
against the desert is continuing.

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1. A. of B. in C. on D. under
2. A. victims B. enemies C. friends D. effects
3. A. off B. back C. down D. in
4. A. up B. away C. into D. out
5. A. blanks B. deserts C. spaces D. bareness
6. A. planting B. plant C. to plant D. planted
7. A. using B. use C. used D. uses
8. A. fertilizer B. soil C. earth D. water
9. A. to carry B. take C. fetch D. bring
10. A. great B. effective C. major D. useful

II. Read the following passage, choose the best answer for each question followed.
Since the world has become industrialized, there has been an increase in the number of animal
species that have either become extinct or have neared extinction. Bengal tiger, for instance, which
once roamed the jungles in vast number, now only about 2,300 and by the year 2025, their
population is estimated to be down to zero. What is alarming about the case of the Bengal tiger is
that this extinction will have been caused almost entirely by poachers who according to some
sources, are not interested in material gain but in personal gratification. This is an example of the
callousness that is part of what is causing the problem of extinction. Animals like Bengal tigers as
well as other endangered species are a valuable part of the world‟s ecosystem. International laws
protecting these animals must be enacted to ensure their survival and the survival of our planet.
Countries around the world have begun to deal with the problem in various ways. Some
countries, in order to circumvent the problem, have allocated large amounts of land to animal
reserves. They then charge admission to help defray the costs of maintaining the parks and they
often must also depend on world organizations for support. With the money they get, they can
invest in equipment, and patrols to protect the animals. Another solution that is an attempt to stem
the tide of animal extinction is an international boycott of products made from endangered species.
This seems fairly effective but it will not, by itself, prevent animals from being hunted and killed.
1. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. the Bengal tiger B. international boycotts
C. endangered species D. problems with industrialization
2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “alarming” in paragraph 1?
A. dangerous B. serious C. gripping D. distressing
3. Which of the following could best replace the word “case” as used in paragraph 1?
A. act B. situation C. contrast D. trade
4. The word “poachers” as used in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by which of the following?
A. illegal hunters B. enterprising researchers
C. concerned scientists D. trained hunters
5. The word “callousness” in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by which of the following?
A. indirectness B. independence C. incompetence D. insensitivity
6. The above passage is divided into two paragraphs in order to contrast
A. a problem and a solution B. a statement and an illustration
C. a comparison and a contrast D. specific and general information

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7. What does the word “this” refer to in paragraph 1?

A. endangered species that are increasing
B. Bengal tigers that are decreasing
C. poachers who seek personal gratification
D. sources that may not be accurate
8. Which of the following could best replace the word “allocated’‟ in paragraph 2?
A. set aside B. combined C. organized D. taken off
9. The word “defray” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
A. lower B. raise
C. make a payment on D. make an investment toward
10. The author uses the phrase “stem the tide” in paragraph 2 to mean
A. touch B. stop C. tax D. save
11. Which of the following best describes the author‟s attitude?
A. forgiving B. concerned C. vindictive D. surprised

III. Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.

EL NINO AND LA NINA
The tropical Pacific Ocean (1) a warming and cooling cycle. This cycle (2)
a completely natural event and usually (3) every three to seven
years.
When the waters become (4) , it is called El Nino, and when they become
cooler it is called La Nina. During the cycle, the (5) of the ocean can change by
0
around 3 C between the warmest and coolest times.
(6) of the South American coast have known about this (7) event
for hundreds of years. When it (8) , they see a huge fall in the numbers of fish
caught. (9) scientists are only just beginning to (10) how
the event affects Earth‟s weather and climate.

D. WRITING
I. Rewrite the sentences
1. David had gone home before we arrived.
After .......................................................................................................................................
2. We had lunch then we took a look around the shops.
Before ....................................................................................................................................
3. The light had gone out before we got out of the office.
When ......................................................................................................................................
4. After she had explained everything dearly, we started our work.
By the time .............................................................................................................................
5. My father had watered all the plants in the garden by the time my mother came home.
Before ....................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................

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II. Correct the verb form of the sentences.

1. When I (come) ............................. there, they (leave) .............................
2. When I (get up) ............................. this morning, my father (leave) .............................
3. After the children (finish) ........................... their homework, they (go) .......................... to bed.
4. I (do) ............................. it before he (come) .............................
5. I (meet) ............................. them after they (divorce) ............................. each other.
6. If I (not buy) ............................. this dress, I (have) ............................. money.

III. Change the following sentences into passive voice.

1. They can‟t make tea with cold water.
è ................................................................................................................................................
2. The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plant.
è ................................................................................................................................................
3. Somebody has taken some of my books away.
è ................................................................................................................................................
4. They will hold the meeting before May Day.
è ................................................................................................................................................
5. They have to repair the engine of the car.
è ................................................................................................................................................
6. The boys broke the window and took away some pictures.
è ................................................................................................................................................
7. People spend a lot of money on advertising everyday.
è ................................................................................................................................................
8. They may use this room for the classroom.
è ................................................................................................................................................
9. The teacher is going to tell a story.
è ................................................................................................................................................
10. Mary is cutting the cake with a sharp knife.
è ................................................................................................................................................
11. The children looked at the women with a red hat.
è ................................................................................................................................................
12. They have provided the victims with food and clothing.
è ................................................................................................................................................
13. The teacher explains the lesson.
è ................................................................................................................................................
14. Mrs Green is cooking the food in the kitchen.
è ................................................................................................................................................
15. The doctor examined the patients.
è ................................................................................................................................................
16. These boys made that noise.
è ................................................................................................................................................

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17. People speak English all over the world.

è ................................................................................................................................................
18. He gave him back the money last Sunday.
è ................................................................................................................................................
19. I can‟t do these exercises quickly.
è ................................................................................................................................................
20. She had finished the report by noon.
è ................................................................................................................................................

PART 3: TEST YOURSELF

I. Circle the word marked A, B, C or D with a different stress pattern from the others.
1. A. damage B. collapse C. erupt D. affect
2. A. permanent B. eruption C. pollution D. disaster
3. A. station B. temperature C. illustrate D. volcano
4. A. tsunami B. thunderstorm C. typhoon D. tornado
5. A. accommodation B. evacuation C. contribution D. contamination

II. Find the odd A, B, C or D.

1. A. disaster B. storm C. tornado D. thunderstorm
2. A. drought B. flood C. mudslide D. climate
3. A. thunderstorm B. pollutant C. typhoon D. tsunami
4. A. damage B. collapse C. erupt D. destroy
5. A. groundwater B. drink C. fresh water D. mineral water

III. Choose the word or phrase that best completes each unfinished sentence below.
1. The facsimile by Alexander Bain in 1843.
A. is invented B. was invented C. invented D. has been invented
2. First, fry the onions add the potatoes.
A. than B. then C. after D. before
3. He a prize in the competition last week.
A. win B. won C. was won D. has win
4. Who the company?
A. goes B. walks C. jogs D. runs
5. is an instrument for making sounds louder.
A. Loudspeaker B. Recorder C. Facsimile D. Radio
6. The doctor told me more fresh fruit.
A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. ate
7. Can you repair my bike?
A. adjust B. use C. fix D. A & B

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8. Coffee was known in Europe “Arabian wine”.

A. as B. like C. the same D. unlike
9. The information for future use.
A. stores B. stored C. is stored D. are stored
10. I saw a flying overhead.
A. train B. helicopter C. conveyor belt D. coach
11. This beautiful picture by Mary.
A. is drawn B. is drew C. is draw D. is drawing
12. Don‟t touch the paint! - It‟s still wet.
A. put paint on something to change the color
B. take something
C. do a job with something
D. put your hand or finger on something
13. I warned him too close to the fire.
A. didn‟t go B. not going C. no going D. not to go
14. is a pen that has a very small ball at the end.
A. Bail-point pen B. Fountain pen C. Pencil D. Crayon
15. Tobacco is taxed in most countries, along with alcohol.
A. in the same way as something B. but not something
C. for example D. including
16. James picked up the and said “Hello!”
A. vacuum B. printer C. telephone D. fax machine
17. Children, please behave!
A. do and say the right things
B. do something
C. do what somebody tells you to do
D. move on your legs, but not run
18. We now toast bread a toaster on the table.
A. by B. with C. from D. in
19. Which shall I press to turn the radio on?
A. plug B. roll C. roller D. button
20. Don‟t sit the sun too long.
A. in B. on C. over D. among

IV. Read the text and then choose the best answer A, B, C or D.
Two of the most dangerous storms which affect America are hurricanes and tornadoes. They
are very much feared by anyone who may live in the path of their destruction.
Every year homes are destroyed by their fury and often lives are lost. Most people who live
near the coast are forced to evacuate their homes and to move to safer areas until the storm passes.
Floods are caused along the coasts by both the heavy rain and a storm tide that is considerably

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above normal water level. The high winds, coastal flooding and heavy rains associated with a
hurricane cause enormous damage.
Hurricanes usually develop between July and October. Once they hit land they carry
tremendous power with driving rain and wind.
Tornadoes are violent low - pressured storms. These storms occur most often during the
summer months and are noticeable by their strong wind and lack of rain. The sky turns black as
dust is sucked up into the air. Tornadoes are capable of lifting quite heavy objects from the ground.
They can pick up trees and cars right into the air and even uplift heavier objects such as homes and
railway cars.
Both hurricanes and tornadoes cause millions of dollars worth of damage to life and property
every year. Today they can be predicted more easily than in the past, but they cannot be stopped or
ignored.
1. What are two of the most dangerous storms which affect America?
A. Hurricanes and tornadoes.
B. Typhoons and thunderstorms.
C. Thunderstorms and hurricanes.
D. Hurricanes and typhoons.
2. At which part of the year do hurricanes usually develop?
A. July and August only.
B. All the year round.
C. From the seventh to the ninth month.
D. Between July and October.
3. What is the major similarity of both a hurricane and a tornado?
A. They cover only a small area.
B. They can cause great damage.
C. They are not accompanied by rain.
D. They have either wind or speed.
4. Which of the following is true of tornadoes and hurricanes?
A. They cannot be predicted with accuracy.
B. They are easier to control today than in the part.
C. They can be predicted today with greater accuracy.
D. They cannot be predicted today with greater accuracy.
5. Which of the following was not mentioned in the article?
A. The number of people killed each year by these storms.
B. The tremendous power killed each year by these storms.
C. The damage caused by hurricanes and tornadoes.
D. The time of year when they are most likely to strike.

V. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the
following passage.
El Nino is a weather phenomenon of the Pacific Ocean which is (1) by an
abnormal (2) of water on the surface of the ocean. It has the (3) to influence

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global weather patterns as it brings drought to some continents and (4) rain to others.
It was first (5) by fishermen coming from Spanish ports in the Pacific in the 17th century.
It got its name (Spanish for “boy child”) because it usually takes (6) near Christmas time.
It can cause catastrophic (7) . The 1982 El Nino (8) in 1,500 deaths, but it can be
a lot worse than that. Sea animals, (9) fish and birds, also die in large numbers. It is
(10) that sailors in the Pacific can smell the dead sea-life during El Nino.
1. A. caused B. happened C. origin D. done
2. A. increase B. warming C. heater D. extra
3. A. proficiency B. practice C. power D. performance
4. A. heavy B. shower C. plenty D. wet
5. A. saw B. time C. caught D. noticed
6. A. away B. place C. part D. care
7. A. problem B. difficulty C. hurt D. damage
8. A. caused B. led C. resulted D. gave
9. A. including B. holding C. containing D. involving
10. A. mistaken B. felt C. told D. said

VI. Read the following passage and choose the best answers each of the questions.
Nylon was invented in the early 1930s by an American chemist, Julian Hill. Other scientists
worked with his invention and finally on 27 October 1938, Nylon was introduced to the world. It
was cheap and strong and immediately became successful, especially in the making of ladies‟
stocking.
Today, nylon is found in many things: carpets, ropes, seat belts, furniture, computers, and even
spare parts of the human body. It has played an important part : in our lives for over 50 years.
1. Julian Hill was a/ an .
A. chemist B. American C. inventor D. all are correct
2. Nylon can be found in .
A. many things B. spare parts of the human body
C. furniture D. all are correct
3. What does the word “introduce” in line 3 mean?
A. tell somebody your name
B. tell somebody the name of a person
C. bring something new into use for the 1st time
D. bring something somewhere
4. Nylon .
A. was invented by Julian Hill B. was strong but expensive
C. was not very popular D. all are correct
5. Which of the following is not true?
A. Nylon was used to make ladies‟ stocking.
B. At first, people didn‟t want to use Nylon.
C. Today, Nylon still plays an important part in our lives.
D. We can found Nylon in computers.

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 UNIT 9: NATURAL DISASTERS

VII. Read the text and fill in the blanks with the suitable words.
successful effect communicative poisons
harmful with increasing major

WATER POLLUTION IN INDIA

Contamination of water from any external source that makes it (1) to life is
known as water pollution. (2) the fast industrial development and modern
civilization, the problem of water pollution is (3) day by day. The (4)
sources of water pollution are domestic wastes, agricultural wastes, sewage disposal, industrial
wastes, radioactive wastes and oil leakages.
All the India rivers, including the holy river Ganga, have become highly polluted today.
However, the Ganga Action Plan to control its water from pollution has not been proved (5)
. The (6) of water pollution is widespread. It causes many severe
water-borne diseases.
According to WHO, 21 per cent of all (7) diseases in India are water borne
diseases. Oil is the main pollutant of the sea water. Huge tankers often dump oil into the sea. This
act of dumping (8) kills sea plants and animals.

VIII. Use the words and phrases to complete the passage.

1. The large movement/ the earth under the water/ causes/ very large and powerful tsunami.
2. That tsunami/ was called the Asian Tsunami in/ most of the world. It/ was called the Boxing
Day Tsunami/ England, Australia.
3. South Africa/ Canada because/ it happened/ the holiday/ they call Boxing Day.
4. The tsunami caused/ lot of damage to countries/ such/ the Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia/ Sri
Lanka.
5. Waves/ high as 30 meters killed many people/ damaged or destroyed/ lot of buildings/ other
property.
6. Over 225,000 people died/ they were/ not found after/ tsunami.
7. The waves travelled/ as far away/ South Africa (8,000 kilometers)/ as many as 8 people/ die
because/ high water caused by the waves.
8. Because of how much damage/ was caused/ the number/ people the earthquake affected, over
$7 billion/ was donated/ help the survivors/ rebuild the areas damaged.

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