Chapter 1

GENERAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

INTRODUCTION & IUPAC
1. ______ proposed a ‘vital force’ was responsible for the formation of organic compounds.
2. The greater the S character, the lesser is the electronegativity. T/F
3. Name a non-benzenoid compound -
4. Name a heterocyclic compound -
5. Name heterocyclic aromatic compounds - (3)
6. Anisole formula -
7. Aniline formula -
8. Acetophenone formula -
9. Toluene formula -
10. Isopropyl structure -
11. sec-Butyl- structure -
12. Isobutyl- structure - (NEET)
13. tert-Butyl- structure -
14. neopentyl structure -
15. IUPAC name of - 16. IUPAC name of -

17. IUPAC name of -

18. The priority order of function groups is - (JEE)

19. IUPAC name of Br-CH₂-CH=CH₂ is -
20. Tell the prefix and suffix used for each functional groups -
21. Draw structure of 4-Ethyl-1-fluoro-2-nitrobenzene.
22. Draw structure of 2,3-Dibromo-1-phenylpentane.

ANSWERS 1 ANSWERS 2
2 CHEMHACK

ISOMERISM & FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF REACTION MECHANISM

23. Types of structural isomerism are - (4)

24. Types of stereoisomerism are - (2)
25. Ketone show functional isomerism with -
26. Give an ex. of metamerism -
27. Permanent electron displacement effects are - (3)
28. Temporary electron displacement effects are - (1)
29. Carbocations are sp²/sp³ hybridised.
30. Carbanions are paramagnetic. T/F
31. +I effect order -
32. −I effect order -
33. The resonance structures (canonical structures or contributing structures) are hypothetical and individually do
not represent any real molecule. T/F
34. Bond length in benzene is -
35. The energy of the resonance hybrid is lower than that of any of the canonical structures. T/F
36. The resonating structures must have the same no. of unpaired electrons. T/F
37. Among resonating structures, which kind of them are more stable ?
38. Resonance effect is also called -
39. Halogens show +R/−R effect.
40. +R effect is shown by -
41. −R effect is shown by -
42. When inductive and electromeric effects operate in opposite directions, ______ effect predominates.
43. Lone pair of N in pyridine is involved in resonance. T/F
44. Criteria for aromaticity are - (JEE)
45. Criteria for anti-aromaticity are - (JEE 2021)
46. Carbene exist as 2 states, namely - (2)
47. Triplet carbene have a ___ no. of unpaired electrons.
METHODS OF PURIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

48. Paper chromatography is an example of - (NEET)

49. The most suitable method of separation of 1 : 1 mixture of ortho and para-nitrophenols is - (NEET)
50. The best method for the separation of naphthalene and benzoic acid from their mixture is - (NEET)
51. The types of distillation are - (4)
52. Chloroform & aniline are easily separated by - (JEE 2021)

ANSWERS 2
GENERAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 3
53. Crude oil in petroleum industry is seperated by -
54. Glycerol is separated from spent-lye in the soap industry from using ______ technique. (JEE 2021)
55. Aniline is separated from aniline-water mixture by - (JEE 2021)
56. The 2 types of chromatography is -
57. Commonly used adsorbents in adsorption chromatography are - (2)
58. The 2 main types of adsorption chromatography is -
59. Thin layer chromatography plate is also called -
60. Rf value is called - (JEE 2021)
61. Amino acid can be detected in layer chromatography by spraying plate with ______ solution.
62. Chromatography paper contains ______ trapped in it, which acts as the stationary/mobile phase

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

63. How are C and H detected?

64. Formation of CO₂ and H₂O due to the reaction of C and H with CuO is tested by -
65. Detection of N, S, P & halogen in an organic compound is done by _______ test. (NEET) (JEE 2021)
66. N, S, P and halogens are first fused with ____
67. Test for N -
68. Rxns that take place to test the presence of N are - (2) (NEET)
69. Formation of _____ colour confirms the presence of N. It appears due to formation of - (NEET)
70. Test for S - (2)
71. In test 1, ______ colour indicates and in test 2, ______ colour indicates the presence of S.
72. Rxns in both the tests are -
73. When N & S both are present, ______ is formed after fusion with Na.
74. After rxn of sodium fusion extract with Fe³⁺, blood-red colour is formed. What does it indicate?
75. If Na fusion is carried out with an excess of Na, the thiocyanate decomposes to ______ and ______ which
give their usual tests.
76. Test for X (halogens) -
77. Formation of a yellow precipitate, insoluble in NH₄OH indicate the presence of -
78. Tell what kinds of precipitate indicate the presence of Cl, Br, I.
79. If N & S is present in the compound, the Na fusion extract is first boiled with conc. HNO₃ before doing the
test for halogens. This is to - (NEET) (JEE 2021)
80. Test for P -
81. _____ colour precipitate indicates the presence of P.
82. Rxns that occur in P test are - (2)

ANSWERS 2 ANSWERS 3
4 CHEMHACK

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS

83. C & H in are estimated by reacting the organic compound with -

84. 2 methods for estimation of N are - (NEET)
85. Rxn of Dumas method -
86. 0.3 g of an organic compound gives 50 mL of N₂ collected at 300 K temp. & 715 mm pressure. Calculate the
% of N in the compound. (Aqueous tension at 300 K = 15 mm)
87. Rxns of Kjeldahl method - (3)
88. Kjeldahl method calculation formula
89. Kjeldahl method is most commonly applied to check purity in pyridine mixture. T/F
90. Kjeldahl method is not applicable to - (3) (JEE 2021)
91. During the estimation of N, the NH₃ evolved from 0.5 g of the compound in Kjeldahl’s estimation of nitrogen,
neutralized 10 mL of 1 M H₂SO₄. Find the % of N in the compound.
92. Carius method is used for estimation of - (JEE 2021)
93. 40 g of an organic compound gave 18.8 g of AgBr. Find out the % of bromine in the compound.
94. Rxn in S estimation is -
95. Steps of P estimation are -
96. 320 g of an organic compound gave 466 g of BaSO₄ in sulfur estimation. What is the % of S in the
compound?
97. Rxns in O estimation -
98. Presently organic compounds are determined by an apparatus known as -

ANSWERS 3 ANSWERS 4
GENERAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 5

ANSWERS
• INTRODUCTION & IUPAC 20. Table given below
1. Berzelius
2. F
3. Tropone
4. Tetrahydrofuran
5. Furan, Thiophene, Pyridine
6. C₆H₅-OCH₃
7. C₆H₅-NH₃
8. C₆H₅-CO-CH₃
9. C₆H₅-CH₃
10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15. 3-Ethyl-1,1-dimethyl cyclohexane

16. 5-(2-Ethylbutyl)-3,3-dimethyldecane
17. 5-(2,2-Dimethylpropyl) nonane
18. −COOH, −SO₃H, −COOR, −COCl, −CONH₂,
−CN,
≡
−HC=O, >C=O, −OH, −NH₂, >C=C<, −C C−
19. 3-bromoprop-1-ene

QUESTIONS 1
6 CHEMHACK
21. on more electronegative atom, a +ve charge if any on
more electropositive atom) and more dispersal of
charge
38. Mesomeric effect
22. 39. +R
40. +R effect: −halogen, −OH, −OR, −OCOR, −NH₂,
−NHR, −NR₂, −NHCOR,
• ISOMERISM & REACTION 41. −R effect: −COOH, −CHO, >C=O, −CN, −NO₂
MECHANISM 42. Electromeric effect
23. Chain isomers, Position isomers, Functional group 43. F
isomers, Metamerism 44. 1) Planarity
24. Geometrical isomerism, optical isomerism 2) Conjugation
25. Aldehyde 3) Cyclic
26. methoxypropane (CH₃OC₃H₇) and ethoxyethane 4) Presence of (4n + 2)π electrons in the ring
(C₂H₅OC₂H₅) 45. 1) Planarity
27. Inductive effect, mesomeric effect, 2) Conjugation
hyperconjugation effect 3) Cyclic
28. Electromeric effect 4) Presence of (4n)π electrons in the ring
29. sp² 46. Singlet, triplet
30. F 47. 2
31. −CH₂− > −NH− > −O− > −COO− > tertiary • METHODS OF PURIFICATION OF
alkyl > secondary alkyl > primary alkyl > −CH₃ > ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
−H 48. Partition Chromatography
32. −NF₃ > −NH₃ > −NO₂ > −SO₃H > −CN > 49. Steam distillation
−CHO > ketone > −COOH > −COOR > −CONH₂ > 50. Sublimation
−F > −Cl > −Br > −I > −OH > −OR > −C CH > ≡ 51. Simple distillation, fractional distillation, distillation
−C₆H₅ > −CH=CH₂ > −H under reduced pressure, steam
33. T distillation
34. 139 pm 52. Simple distillation
35. T 53. Fractional distillation
36. T 54. Distillation under reduced pressure
37. one which has more number of covalent bonds, all 55. Steam distillation
the atoms with octet of electrons (except H), less 56. Adsorption and partition chromatography
separation of opposite charges, (a −ve charge if any 57. Silica gel and alumina

QUESTIONS 1 QUESTIONS 2 QUESTIONS 3

GENERAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 7
58. Column chromatography and thin layer 78. White precipitate, soluble in NH₄OH - Cl
chromatography Yellowish precipitate, sparingly soluble in NH₄OH - Br
59. Chromaplate Yellow precipitate, insoluble in NH₄OH - I
60. Retardation factor 79. decomposed cynide or sulphide of Na fomed in
61. Ninhydrin solution Lassaigne test
62. Water, stationary phase 80. Compounds are heated with an oxidising agent
• QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF (sodium peroxide). The P present in the
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS compound is oxidised to (PO₄)³⁻. The solution is boiled
63. Compound is heated with CuO with HNO₃ & then treated with (NH₄)₂MoO₄.
→
C + CuO Cu + CO₂ 81. Yellow
→
H + CuO Cu + H₂O →
82. I. Na₃PO₄ + 3HNO₃ H₃PO₄ + 3NaNO₃
→
64. CO₂ + Ca(OH)₂ CaCO₃ + H₂O (turbidity seen) II. H₃PO4 + 1₂(NH₄) 2MoO₄ + 21HNO₃
→
H₂O + CuSO₄ CuSO₄.5H₂O (solution turns blue) → (NH₄)₃PO₄.12MoO₃ + 21NH₄NO₃
65. Lassaigne’s test • QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
66. Na metal 83. O₂ and CuO
67. Na fusion extract is boiled with FeSO₄ and then 84. Dumas & Kjeldahl’s method
acidified with conc. H₂SO₄ →
85. CxHyNz + (2x + y/2)CuO xCO₂ + (y/2)H₂O +
→
68. I. 6CN⁻ + Fe²⁺ [Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻ (z/2)N₂ + (2x + y/2)Cu
→
II. 3[Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻ + 4Fe³⁺ Fe₄[Fe(CN)₆]₃.xH₂O 86. 17.46 %
69. Prussian Blue, Fe₄[Fe(CN)₆]₃.xH₂O →
87. I. Organic compound + H₂SO₄ (NH₄)₂SO₄
70. I. Na fusion extract is acidified with acetic acid →
II. (NH₄)₂SO₄ + NaOH Na₂SO₄ + NH₃ + H₂O
and lead acetate is added. →
III. 2NH₃ + H₂SO₄ (NH₄)₂SO₄
II. Na fusion extract treated with sodium 88. Percentage of N = 1.4 × M × 2[V − (V₁/2)]/m
nitroprusside 89. F
71. black, violet 90. Nitro, azo and nitrogen present in the ring
→
72. 1. S²⁻ + Pb²⁺ PbS 91. 56 %
→
2. S²⁻ + [Fe(CN)₅NO]²⁻ [Fe(CN)₅NOS]⁴⁻ 92. Halogen
73. NaSCN (Sodium thiocyanate) 93. 20 %
74. Presence of both N & S in compound 94. I. S oxidised to H₂SO₄
75. Cyanide and sulphide →
II. H₂SO₄ + BaCl₂ BaSO₄ + HCl
76. Na fusion extract is acidified with HNO₃ and then 95. I. P is oxidised to (PO₄)³⁻
treated with AgNO₃ II. PO₄²⁻ is ppt as (NH₄)₃PO₄.12MoO₃/Mg₂P₂O₇
77. Iodine 96. 20 %

QUESTIONS 3 QUESTIONS 4
8 CHEMHACK
→
97. I. Compound O₂ + other gaseous products →
III. I₂O₅ + 5CO I₂ + 5CO₂
→
II. 2C + O₂ 2CO 98. CHN elemental analyser

QUESTIONS 4