Suppose there is an object for which F = +kx.

What will happen if mthe object is moved away from

equilibrium (x = 0) and released?
It will move further away with increasing acceleration.

What is the intensity level of a sound with intensity of 4.0 × 10−10 W/m2? ( I0 = 10−12 W/m2 )
26 dB

A cylinder containing an ideal gas has a volume of 2 m3 and a pressure of 2 × 105 Pa at a temperature
of 320 K. The cylinder is placed against a metal block that is maintained at 860 K and the gas expands
as the pressure remains constant until the temperature of the gas reaches 860 K. The change in
internal energy of the gas is 6.1 × 105 J. Find the change in entropy of the block associated with the
heat transfer to the gas.
-1,130 J/K

If the air temperature decreases, how does the resonant frequency in a pipe closed at one end
change?
It decreases.

The superposition principle has to do with which of the following?

how displacements of interacting waves add together

The speed of sound at 0°C is 331 m/s. What is the speed of sound at 32°C? (0°C = 273 K)
350 m/s

The wavelength of a traveling wave can be calculated if one knows the:

frequency and speed.

The number of overtones, and their relative intensities, is associated with what property of the tone
generated by a musical instrument?
quality

If the frequency of a traveling wave train is increased by a factor of three in a medium where the speed
is constant, which of the following is the result?
wavelength is one third as big

When gasoline is burned, it gives off 43,000 J/g of heat energy. If an automobile uses 12.6 kg of
gasoline per hour with an efficiency of 23%, what is the average horsepower output of the engine? (1
hp = 746 W)
46 hp

Of the frequencies listed below, to which one is the human ear most sensitive?
3 300 Hz

A pound of body fat has an energy content of about 4,100 kcal. If a 1,100-kg automobile had an
equivalent amount of translational kinetic energy, how fast would it be moving? (0.447 m/s = 1 mph, 1
kcal = 4 186 J)
395 mph

An electrical generating plant operates at a boiler temperature of 222°C and exhausts the unused heat
into a nearby river at 16°C. What is the maximum theoretical efficiency of the plant? (0°C = 273 K)
42%

Three Carnot engines operate between temperature reservoirs as follows: Engine A: Th = 1,100 K, Tc
= 800 K; Engine B: Th = 1,100 K, Tc = 700 K; Engine C: Th = 550 K, Tc = 400 K. Which two engines
have the same thermal efficiency?
A and C

An object of mass m and moment of inertia I has rotational kinetic energy KER. Its angular momentum
is:
(2 IKER)½
What are the base SI units for the torsion constant t
kg°m²/s²

Which of the following produces greenhouse gasses?

all of the above

At a pressure of 1 atmosphere a column of mercury in a barometer is supported to the height h = 0.76

m. The density of mercury is 13.6 × 103 kg/m3. A barometer of similar design filled with water would
support a column of water how high at a pressure of 1 atmosphere?
more than ten times h

The position of a 0.64-kg mass undergoing simple harmonic motion is given by x = (0.160 m) cos
(πt/16). What is its position at t = 6.0 s?
0.061 m

A 200-N uniform ladder, 12.0 m long, rests against a smooth vertical wall. The coefficient of static
friction between ladder and floor is 0.35. What minimum angle can the ladder make with the floor before
it slips?
55°

A Boeing-737 airliner has a mass of 20 300 kg. The total area of the wings is 105 m2. What must be
the pressure difference between the top and bottom of the wings to keep the airplane up?
1 895 Pa

A majorette takes two batons and fastens them together in the middle at right angles to make an "x"
shape. Each baton was 0.90 m long and each ball on the end is 0.20 kg. (Ignore the mass of the rods.)
What is the moment of inertia if the arrangement is spun around an axis formed by one of the batons?
0.081 kg·m2

A spool of thread has an average radius of 1.00 cm. If the spool contains 135 m of thread, how many
turns of thread are on the spool? "Average radius" allows us to not need to treat the layering of threads
on lower layers. 
2,200

A uniform bridge span weighs 70.0 × 103 N and is 40.0 m long. An automobile weighing 15.0 × 103 N
is parked with its center of gravity located 12.0 m from the right pier. What upward support force does
the right pier provide?
45.5 × 103 N

Of the planets with atmospheres, which is the warmest?

Venus

Two children seat themselves on a seesaw. The one on the left has a weight of 400 N while the one on
the right weighs 300 N. The fulcrum is at the midpoint of the seesaw. If the child on the right is not at
the end but is 1.50 m from the fulcrum and the seesaw is balanced, what is the torque provided by the
weight of the child on the left? (Take ccw as positive.)
450 N·m

A rod of length L is hinged at one end. The moment of inertia as the rod rotates around that hinge is
ML2/3. Suppose a 2.0 m rod with a mass of 3 kg is hinged at one end and is held in a horizontal
position. The rod is released as the free end is allowed to fall. What is the angular acceleration as it is
released?
7.35 rad/s2

Spherical particles of density 1.6 g/cm3 are shaken in a container of water (viscosity = 1.0 × 10−3
N⋅s/m3). The water is 8.0 cm deep and is allowed to stand for 30 minutes. What is the radius of the
largest particles still in suspension at that time?
5.8 × 10−6 m

The quantity "stress" expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities (mass, length, time) is
equivalent to:
ML−1T−2

Which of the following statements is true?

Objects do not contain heat.

A meter stick is hinged at its lower end and allowed to fall from a vertical position. If its moment of
inertia is ML2/3, with what angular speed does it hit the table?
5.42 rad/s

A woman who weighs 600 N stands on an 10.0 m long board that weighs 200 N. The board is
supported at each end. The support force at the right end is 3 times the support force at the left end.
How far from the right end is the woman standing?
1.7 m

A 0.0020-kg lead bullet is traveling at a speed of 240 m/s when it embeds in a block of ice at 0°C. If all
the heat generated goes into melting ice, what quantity of ice is melted? (Lf = 80 kcal/kg, the specific
heat of lead = 0.03 kcal/kg⋅°C, and 1 kcal = 4 186 J)
1.7 × 10−4 kg

Suppose a 0.30-kg mass on a spring-loaded gun that has been compressed 0.20 m has elastic
potential energy of 1.0 J. How high above the spring's equilibrium point can the gun fire the mass if the
gun is fired straight up?
0.14 m

A heavily loaded boat is floating in a pond. The boat starts to sink because of a leak but quick action
plugging the leak stops the boat from going under although it is now deeper in the water. What happens
to the surface level of the pond?
It stays the same. 

The thermal conductivity of aluminum is 238 J/s⋅m⋅°C and of lead is 34.7 J/s⋅m⋅°C. A rod of each
material is used as a heat conductor. If the rods have the same geometry and are used between the
same temperature differences for the same time interval, what is the ratio of the heat transferred by
aluminum to the heat transferred by the lead?
6.859

Doubling the displacement from equilibrium of an object in simple harmonic motion will bring about a
change in the magnitude of the object's acceleration by what factor?
2.0

What volume of water is displaced by a submerged 2.5-kg cylinder made of solid aluminum? (aluminum
density = 2.7 × 103 kg/m3 and water density = 1.0 × 103 kg/m3)
9.3 × 10−4 m3

Water (density = 1 × 103 kg/m3) flows at 10 m/s through a pipe with radius 0.025 m. The pipe goes up
to the second floor of the building, 2.5 m higher, and the pressure remains unchanged. What is the
radius of the pipe on the second floor?
0.03 m

A container is filled with water and the pressure at the bottom of the container is P. Then the container
is emptied halfway and topped off with oil of density 0.9 × 103 kg/m3, which floats on top of the water.
What is the pressure at the bottom of the container now?
a pressure < P

A figure skater with arms initially extended starts spinning on the ice at 3 rad/s. She then pulls her arms
in close to her body. Which of the following results?
a greater rotational rate

A 0.30-m radius automobile tire rotates how many rad after starting from rest and accelerating at a
constant 3.0 rad/s2 over a 5.0-s interval?
37 rad
Which of the following involves the greatest heat transfer?
One gram of steam at 100°C changing to water at 100°C.

Which state of matter is associated with the very highest of temperatures?

plasma

A baseball pitcher loosens up his pitching arm. He tosses a 0.20-kg ball using only the rotation of his
forearm, 0.32 m in length, to accelerate the ball. What is the moment of inertia of the ball alone as it
moves in a circular arc with a radius of 0.32 m?
1.9 × 10−2 kg·m2

Consider the curve f(x) = A cos(2πx/λ). The wavelength of the wave will be:
twice the distance x2 to x3.

Equal wavelength waves of amplitude 0.25 m and 0.19 m interfere with one another. What is the
resulting minimum amplitude that can result?
0.06 m

A quantity of monatomic ideal gas expands adiabatically from a volume of 2.2 liters to 7 liters. If the
initial pressure is P0, what is the final pressure?
0.15 P0

A chamber that can be filled with different gases has placed in it a source of sound that in air produces
a frequency of 200 Hz and a microphone to pick up the sound for frequency analysis. First the chamber
is filled with helium (speed of sound 1 000 m/s at room conditions), then the helium is replaced with
oxygen (speed of sound 330 m/s at room conditions), and then finally the helium is replaced with
carbon dioxide (speed of sound 269 m/s at room conditions). In which gas is the highest frequency of
sound found by the microphone during this experiment?
They all have the same frequency of sound.

A 1.0-kg chunk of ice at 0°C melts, absorbing 80 000 cal of heat in the process. Which of the following
best describes what happens to this system?
increased entropy

Consider two identical and symmetrical wave pulses on a string. Suppose the first pulse reaches the
fixed end of the string and is reflected back and then meets the second pulse. When the two pulses
overlap exactly, the superposition principle predicts that the amplitude of the resultant pulses, at that
moment, will be what factor times the amplitude of one of the original pulses?
0

The frequency separating audible waves and ultrasonic waves is considered to be 20 kHz. What
wavelength in air at room temperature is associated with this frequency? (Assume the speed of sound
to be 340 m/s.)
1.7 cm

While standing at a crosswalk, you hear a frequency of 540 Hz from an approaching police car. After
the police car passes, its frequency is 480 Hz. What is the speed of the police car? (speed of sound =
340 m/s)
20.0 m/s

A bucket of water with total mass 23 kg is attached to a rope, which in turn is wound around a 0.050-m radius
cylinder at the top of a well. The bucket is raised to the top of the well and released. The bucket is moving with a
speed of 6.0 m/s upon hitting the water surface in the well. What is the angular speed of
120 rad/s
A bank vault is opened by applying a force of 300 N perpendicular to the plane of the door, 1.2 m from the
hinges. Find the torque due to this force about an axis through the hinges.
360 N·m

By what factor is the total pressure greater at a depth of 890 m in water than at the surface where pressure is one
atmosphere? (water density = 1.0 × 10  kg/m , 1 atmosphere pressure = 1.01 × 10  N/m , and g = 9.8 m/s )
3 3 5 2 2

86

Who demonstrated that when heat is gained or lost by a system during some process, the gain or loss can be
accounted for by an equivalent quantity of mechanical work done on the system?
Joule

A 0.30-m radius automobile tire rotates how many rad after starting from rest and accelerating at a constant 4.0
rad/s  over a 3.0-s interval?
2

18 rad

An object of mass m and moment of inertia I has rotational kinetic energy KE . Its angular momentum is:
R

(2 IKE ) .
R
1/2

A uniform, horizontal beam of length 6.0 m and weight 140 N is attached at one end to a wall by a pin connection
(so that it may rotate). A cable attached to the wall above the pin supports the opposite end. The cable makes an
angle of 60° with the horizontal. What is the tension in the cable needed to maintain the beam in equilibrium?
81 N

11.3 Harmonic Motion and Energy

A simple pendulum has a mass of 0.50 kg and a length of 1.0 m. It is displaced through an angle of 30° and then
released. After a time, the maximum angle of swing is only 10°. How much energy has been lost to friction?
0.58 J

11.2 Examples of Simple Harmonic Motion

Halving the mass of the bob on a simple pendulum will cause a change in the frequency of the pendulum swing
by what factor?
1.0

11.2 Examples of Simple Harmonic Motion

Doubling the weight suspended vertically from a coil spring will result in a change in the displacement of the
spring's lower end by what factor?
2.0

A bowling ball has a mass of 7.0 kg, a moment of inertia of 2.8 × 10  kg·m , and a radius of 0.10 m. If it rolls
−2 2

down the lane without slipping at a linear speed of 5.0 m/s, what is its angular speed?
50 rad/s

A spool of thread has an average radius of 1.00 cm. If the spool contains 135 m of thread, how many turns of
thread are on the spool? "Average radius" allows us to not need to treat the layering of threads on lower layers.
2,200

A 0.40-m radius automobile tire accelerates from rest at a constant 2.0 rad/s  over a 5.0 s interval. What is the
2

tangential component of acceleration for a point on the outer edge of the tire during the 5.0-s interval?
0.80 m/s 2

What temperature increase is necessary to increase the power radiated from an object by a factor of 6?
about 57%

A 3.0-kg mass is placed at (4.0, 5.0) m, and a 6.0-kg mass is placed at (4.0, −5.0) m. What is the moment of
inertia of this system of masses about the z axis?
369 kg·m 2

Legend says that Archimedes, in determining whether or not the king's crown was made of pure gold, measured
its volume by the water displacement method. If the density of gold is 19.3 g/cm , and the crown's mass is 610 g,
3

what volume would be necessary to prove that it is pure gold?

31.6 cm 3

How does the heat energy from the sun reach us through the vacuum of space?
radiation

Which of the following produces greenhouse gases?

all of the above

11.2 Examples of Simple Harmonic Motion

Three identical springs, each with spring constant k, are attached in parallel to a mass, which is then set into
simple harmonic motion. What would be the spring constant of a single spring which would result in the same
frequency of oscillation as the parallel springs?
3k

A copper wire of length 2.0 m, cross sectional area 7.1 × 10  m  and Young's modulus 11 × 10  N/m  has a 180-kg
−6 2 10 2

load hung on it. What is its increase in length? (g = 9.8 m/s )
2

4.5 mm

How many calories are equal to one BTU? (One calorie = 4.186 J, one BTU = 1 054 J.)
252
11.3 Harmonic Motion and Energy

A simple pendulum of length 2.00 m has a mass of 100 g attached. It is drawn back 30.0° and then released. What
is the maximum speed of the mass?
2.29 m/s

A plot of the temperature versus the energy per kg added to a piece of ice as it goes from below freezing
at − 10°C to becoming steam at 110°C consists of straight lines, some horizontal and some with an upward slope.
What do the upward slopes represent?
reciprocals of specific heats

A rod of length L is hinged at one end. The moment of inertia as the rod rotates around that hinge is ML /3.
2

Suppose a 2.0 m rod with a mass of 3 kg is hinged at one end and is held in a horizontal position. The rod is
released as the free end is allowed to fall. What is the angular acceleration as it is released?
7.35 rad/s2

A jet of water flowing from a hose at 16 m/s is directed against a wall. If the mass flow in the fluid stream is
2.0 kg/s, what force is the water applying to the wall if backsplash is negligible?
32 N

What is the temperature increase of 5.0 kg of water when heated by an 1,000-W immersion heater for 7 min? (c  = w

4 186 J/kg⋅°C)
20.07°C

11.3 Harmonic Motion and Energy

A 0.40-kg object, attached to a spring with spring constant k = 10 N/m, is moving on a horizontal, frictionless
surface in simple harmonic motion of amplitude of 0.080 m. What is its speed at the instant when its displacement
is 0.040 m? (Hint: Use conservation of energy.)
35 cm/s

What temperature increase is necessary to increase the power radiated from an object by a factor of 6?
about 57%

11.3 Harmonic Motion and Energy

Suppose a 0.30-kg mass on a spring that has been compressed 0.20 m has elastic potential energy of 1.0 J. How
much further must the spring be compressed to triple the elastic potential energy?
0.15 m

A bucket of water with total mass 23 kg is attached to a rope, which in turn, is wound around a 0.080-m radius
cylinder at the top of a well. A crank with a turning radius of 0.25 m is attached to the end of the cylinder. What
minimum force directed perpendicular to the crank handle is required to just raise the bucket? (Assume the rope's
mass is negligible, that the cylinder turns on frictionless bearings, and that g = 9.8 m/s .)
2

72 N

Which of the following statements is true?

Objects do not contain heat.

A hot (85°C) lump of metal has a mass of 250 g and a specific heat of 0.25 cal/g⋅°C. John drops the metal into a
550-g calorimeter containing 70 g of water at 24°C. The calorimeter is constructed of a material that has a specific
heat of 0.10 cal/ g⋅°C. When equilibrium is reached, what will be the final temperature? c  = 1.00 cal/g⋅°C.
water

44°C

A 4.0-kg mass is placed at (3.0, 4.0) m, and a 7.0-kg mass is placed at (3.0, −4.0) m. What is the moment of
inertia of this system of masses about the x axis?
176 kg·m 2

A box slides down a frictionless incline, and a hoop rolls down another incline. Both inclines have the same
height, and both the box and the hoop have the same mass. If both objects start from rest, upon reaching the
bottom of the incline which one will have the greater kinetic energy and which one will have the greater speed?
Both will have the same kinetic energy, but the box will have the greater speed.

If one's hands are being warmed by holding them to one side of a flame, the predominant form of heat transfer is
what process?
radiation

When an artery gets a constricted region due to plaque, how does the pressure in this region compare to the
pressure in an unconstricted region adjacent?
In the constricted region the blood moves at a higher speed than in the unconstricted region resulting in a
decreased pressure.

A bank vault is opened by applying a force of 300 N perpendicular to the plane of the door, 1.2 m from the
hinges. Find the torque due to this force about an axis through the hinges.
360 N·m

9.4 Angular Momentum and Kepler's Second Law of Planetary Motion

A 2.0-kg mass in the xy plane is moving in the negative x direction at 3.0 m/s along the line y = 5.0 m. As the
mass passes across the y axis (i.e., passing the point (x, y = 0, 5.0 m)), what is its angular momentum with respect
to the z axis?
30 SI units

The water behind Grand Coulee Dam is 1 200 m wide and 200 m deep. Find the hydrostatic force on the back of
the dam. (Hint: the total force = average pressure × area)
23.52 × 10  N 10

A majorette takes two batons and fastens them together in the middle at right angles to make an "x" shape. Each
baton was 0.90 m long and each ball on the end is 0.20 kg. (Ignore the mass of the rods.) What is the moment of
inertia if the arrangement is spun around an axis through the center perpendicular to both rods?
0.16 kg·m 2

11.2 Examples of Simple Harmonic Motion

The motion of a piston in an automobile engine is nearly simple harmonic. If the 1-kg piston travels back and
forth over a distance of 12.0 cm, what is its maximum speed when the engine is running at 3000 rpm?
22.0 m/s

11.5 Damping and Resonance

A car with bad shocks bounces up and down with a period of 1.50 s after hitting a bump. The car has a mass of
1250 kg and is supported by four springs of force constant k. What is k for each spring?
5480 N/m

How much power is theoretically available from a mass flow of 1 100 kg/s of water that falls a vertical distance of
110 m?
1 186 kW

11.2 Examples of Simple Harmonic Motion

Doubling the displacement from equilibrium of an object in simple harmonic motion will bring about a change in
the magnitude of the object's acceleration by what factor?
2.0

11.2 Examples of Simple Harmonic Motion

By what factor must one change the weight suspended vertically from a spring coil in order to double its period of
simple harmonic motion?
4

The bulk modulus of a material, as a meaningful physical property, is applicable to which of the following?
solids, liquids and gases

A solid sphere of mass 2.5 kg and radius 0.12 m is at rest at the top of a ramp inclined 15°. It rolls to the bottom
without slipping. The upper end of the ramp is 1.2 m higher than the lower end. Find the sphere's total kinetic
energy when it reaches the bottom.
29 J

11.1 General Features of Harmonic Motion

A mass on a spring vibrates in simple harmonic motion at a frequency of 4.0 Hz and an amplitude of 8.0 cm. If a
timer is started when its displacement from equilibrium is a maximum (hence x = 8 cm when t = 0), what is the
displacement of the mass when t = 3.7 s?
 0.025 m

A block of wood has density 0.50 g/cm  and mass 1 500 g. It floats in a container of oil (the oil's density is 0.75
3

g/cm ). What volume of oil does the wood displace?

3

2 000 cm 3
A piece of copper of mass 160 g is being drilled through with a  / " electric drill. The drill operates at 25.0 W and
1
2

takes 25.0 s to bore through the copper. If all the energy from the drill heats the copper, find the copper's increase
in temperature. c  = 387 J/kg⋅°C.
copper

10.1 C°

A bucket of water with total mass 30 kg is attached to a rope, which in turn is wound around a 0.050 m radius
cylinder at the top of a well. A crank with a turning radius of 0.25 m is attached to the end of the cylinder and the
moment of inertia of cylinder and crank is 0.12 kg×m . If the bucket is raised to the top of the well and released,
2

what is the acceleration of the bucket as it falls toward the bottom of the well? (Assume rope's mass is negligible,
that cylinder turns on frictionless bearings and that g = 9.8 m/s .)
2

3.8 m/s2

The standard kilogram is a platinum-iridium cylinder 22.0 mm in height and 30.0 mm in diameter. What is the
density of the material?
64.3 g/cm 3

A heavily loaded boat is floating in a pond. The boat starts to sink because of a leak but quick action plugging the
leak stops the boat from going under although it is now deeper in the water. What happens to the surface level of
the pond?
It stays the same.

A 40-kg boy is standing on the edge of a stationary 30-kg circular platform that is free to rotate. The boy tries to
walk around the platform in a counterclockwise direction. As he does:
the platform rotates in a clockwise direction while the boy goes around in a counterclockwise direction
relative to the ground.

The condition for onset of turbulent flow is that the Reynolds Number reaches what value?
3 000

A puddle holds 190 g of water. If 1.1 g of water evaporates from the surface, what is the approximate temperature
change of the remaining water? (L  = 540 cal/g)
v

−3.1 C°

A uniform bridge span weighs 70.0 × 10  N and is 40.0 m long. An automobile weighing 15.0 × 10  N is parked
3 3

with its center of gravity located 12.0 m from the right pier. What upward support force does the right pier
provide?
45.5 × 10  N
3

An 800-N billboard worker stands on a 4.0-m scaffold weighing 500 N and supported by vertical ropes at each
end. How far would the worker stand from one of the supporting ropes to produce a tension of 770 N in that rope?
1.4 m

A majorette takes two batons and fastens them together in the middle at right angles to make an "x" shape. Each
baton was 0.60 m long and each ball on the end is 0.10 kg. (Ignore the mass of the rods.) What is the moment of
inertia if the arrangement is spun around an axis formed by one of the batons?
0.018 kg·m 2

Calculate the linear speed due to the Earth's rotation for a person at a point on its surface located at 60  N latitude.
o

The radius of the Earth is 6.40 × 10  m.

6

233 m/s

How large a force is necessary to stretch a 1-mm-diameter steel wire (Y = 2.0 × 10  N/m ) by 10.0%?
11 2

15.7 × 10  N 3

The inside of a house is at 20°C on an early morning when the temperature outside is 15°C. The next morning the
inside temperature is the same but the outside temperature is now 10°C. How much does the energy per unit time
lost by conduction through the walls, windows, doors, etc., change for the house from the first morning to the
second one?
The loss doubles.
A majorette takes two batons and fastens them together in the middle at right angles to make an "x" shape. Each
baton was 0.90 m long and each ball on the end is 0.20 kg. (Ignore the mass of the rods.) What is the moment of
inertia if the arrangement is spun around an axis formed by one of the batons?
0.081 kg·m 2

An automobile accelerates from zero to 30 m/s in 6.0 s. The wheels have a diameter of 1.0 m. What is the average
angular acceleration of each wheel?
10 rad/s 2

Which of the following best describes a substance in which the temperature remains constant while at the same
time it is experiencing an inward heat flow?
substance undergoing a change of state

An 900-N billboard worker stands on a 4.0-m scaffold weighing 400 N and supported by vertical ropes at each
end. How far would the worker stand from one of the supporting ropes to produce a tension of 830 N in that rope?
1.2 m

9.4 Angular Momentum and Kepler's Second Law of Planetary Motion

The Earth's gravity exerts no torque on a satellite orbiting the Earth in an elliptical orbit. Compare the motion of
the satellite at the point nearest the Earth (perigee) to the motion at the point farthest from the Earth (apogee). At
these two points:
the angular momenta are the same.

An ideal fluid, of density 0.85 × 10  kg/m , flows at 0.27 kg/s through a pipe of radius 0.018 m. What is the fluid
3 3

speed?
0.31 m/s

Suppose a car has a 100,000 mile 10 year warranty on the wheels and axles of a car. How may turns will the
wheels of 0.80-m diameter make if both the mileage and time warranties run out simultaneously and what will be

the average angular velocities of the wheel? Assume that a mile =   m and that a year is  s.

, 0.2 rad/s
Two children seat themselves on a seesaw. The one on the left has a weight of 400 N while the one on the right
weighs 300 N. The fulcrum is at the midpoint of the seesaw. If the child on the right is not at the end but is 1.50 m
from the fulcrum and the seesaw is balanced, what is the torque provided by the weight of the child on the left?
(Take ccw as positive.)
450 N·m

A Ferris wheel, rotating initially at an angular speed of 0.500 rad/s, accelerates over a 7.00-s interval at a rate of
0.0500 rad/s . What angular displacement does the Ferris wheel undergo in this 7.00-s interval?
2

4.73 rad

The bottom of a flat-bottomed aluminum boat has area = 4.1 m  and mass = 61 kg. If two fishermen and their
2

fishing gear with total mass of 315 kg are placed in the boat, how much lower will the boat ride in the water?
(H O density = 1.0 × 10  kg/m )
2
3 3

0.077 m

A 5.00-g lead bullet is traveling at a speed of 240 m/s when it embeds in a wood post. If we assume that half of
the resultant heat energy generated remains with the bullet, what is the increase in temperature of the embedded
bullet? (specific heat of lead = 0.0305 kcal/kg⋅°C, 1 kcal = 4 186 J)
113°C

A woman who weighs 600 N stands on an 10.0 m long board that weighs 200 N. The board is supported at each
end. The support force at the right end is 3 times the support force at the left end. How far from the right end is
the woman standing?
1.7 m

A jet of water flowing from a hose at 16 m/s is directed against a wall. If the mass flow in the fluid stream is
2.0 kg/s, what force is the water applying to the wall if backsplash is negligible?
32 N

A ceiling fan is turned on and reaches an angular speed of 120 rev/min in 20 s. It is then turned off and coasts to a
stop in an additional 60 s. The ratio of the average angular acceleration for the first 20 s to that for the last 60 s is
which of the following?
-3

A ping-pong ball has an average density of 0.0840 g/cm  and a diameter of 3.80 cm. What force would be
3

required to keep the ball completely submerged under water?

0.258 N

A copper wire of length 2.0 m, cross sectional area 7.1 × 10  m  and Young's modulus 11 × 10  N/m  has a 180-kg
−6 2 10 2

load hung on it. What is its increase in length? (g = 9.8 m/s )2

4.5 mm

A Ferris wheel, rotating initially at an angular speed of 0.50 rad/s, accelerates over a 4.0-s interval at a rate of 0.10
rad/s . What angular displacement does the Ferris wheel undergo in this 7.00-s interval?
2

2.80 rad
An 80.0-g piece of copper, initially at 290°C, is dropped into 200 g of water contained in a 250-g aluminum
calorimeter; the water and calorimeter are initially at 12.0°C. What is the final temperature of the system?
(Specific heats of copper and aluminum are 0.092 0 and 0.215 cal/g⋅°C, respectively. c  = 1.00 cal/g⋅°C)
w

 31.2°C

A 0.400-kg rock is swung in a circular path and in a vertical plane on a 0.5-m length string. At the top of the path,
the angular speed is 10.0 rad/s. What is the tension in the string at that point?
16.08 N

A baseball pitcher, loosening up his arm before a game, tosses a 0.15-kg ball using only the rotation of his
forearm, 0.30 m in length, to accelerate the ball. If the ball starts at rest and is released with a speed of 22 m/s in a
time of 0.4 s, what is the average angular acceleration of the arm and ball?
183.3 rad/s 2

A solid object is made of two materials, one material having density of 2 500 kg/m  and the other having density
3

of 5 500 kg/m . If the object contains equal masses of the materials, what is its average density?
3

3 438 kg/m 3

A 0.0020-kg lead bullet is traveling at a speed of 240 m/s when it embeds in a block of ice at 0°C. If all the heat
generated goes into melting ice, what quantity of ice is melted? (L  = 80 kcal/kg, the specific heat of lead = 0.03
f

kcal/kg⋅°C, and 1 kcal = 4 186 J)

1.7 × 10  kg
−4

An astronaut is on a 100-m lifeline outside a spaceship, circling the ship with an angular speed of 0.100 rad/s.
How far inward can she be pulled before the centripetal acceleration reaches 4g = 39.2 m/s ? 2

70.6 m

A fluid has a density of 1 040 kg/m . If it rises to a height of 1.8 cm in a 2.0-mm diameter capillary tube, what is
3

the surface tension of the liquid? Assume a contact angle of zero.

0.092 N/m

The flow rate of a liquid through a 4.0-cm-radius pipe is 0.0070 m /s. The average fluid speed in the pipe is:
3

1.4 m/s.

A plot of the temperature versus the energy per kg added to a piece of ice as it goes from below freezing
at − 10°C to becoming steam at 110°C consists of straight lines, some horizontal and some with an upward slope.
What do the upward slopes represent?
reciprocals of specific heats

11.2 Examples of Simple Harmonic Motion

A large spring requires a force of 100 N to compress it only 0.010 m. What is the spring constant of the spring?
10,000 N/m

Consider two different rods. The greatest thermal conductivity will be in the rod with:
electrons that are freer to move from atom to atom.
Three disks have the same mass and the same total kinetic energy. Disk #1 has radius R, disk #2 has radius 2R,
and disk #3 has radius 3R. Which one has the highest v ?
translational

The all have the same v .

translational

A uniform, horizontal beam of length 6.0 m and weight 140 N is attached at one end to a wall by a pin connection
(so that it may rotate). A cable attached to the wall above the pin supports the opposite end. The cable makes an
angle of 60° with the horizontal. What is the tension in the cable needed to maintain the beam in equilibrium?
81 N

A pipe carrying water has a radius of 1.0 cm. If the flow velocity is 9.0 cm/s, which of the following characterizes
the flow? Take the viscosity of water to be 1.0 × 10  N⋅s/m.
−3

streamlined

11.3 Harmonic Motion and Energy

A mass of 0.40 kg, hanging from a spring with a spring constant of 160 N/m, is set into an up-and-down simple
harmonic motion. What is the speed of the mass when moving through the equilibrium point? The starting
displacement from equilibrium is 0.10 m.
2.0 m/s
A waterfall is 140 m high. What is the increase in water temperature at the bottom of the falls if all the initial
potential energy goes into heating the water? (g = 9.8 m/s , c  = 4,186 J/kg⋅°C)
2
w

0.33°C

Atmospheric pressure is 1.0 × 10  N/m , and the density of air is 1.29 kg/m . If the density of air is constant as you
5 2 3

get higher and higher, calculate the height of the atmosphere needed to produce this pressure.
7 900 m

An ice skater spins at 3.5 rev/s with his arms are extended. He draws his arms in and spins at 8.3 rev/s. By what
factor does his moment of inertia change in the process?
0.42

Two hoops or rings (I = MR ) are centered, lying on a turntable. The smaller ring has radius = 0.05 m; the larger
2

has radius = 0.1 m. Both have a mass of 5.0 kg. What is the total moment of inertia as the turntable spins? Ignore
the mass of the turntable.
0.0625 kg·m 2

11.2 Examples of Simple Harmonic Motion

Halving the mass of the bob on a simple pendulum will cause a change in the frequency of the pendulum swing
by what factor?
1.0

Twenty grams of a solid at 70°C is place in 100 grams of a fluid at 20°C. Thermal equilibrium is reached at 30°C.
The specific heat of the solid:
 is more than that of the fluid.
A turntable has a moment of inertia of 3.00 × 10  kg·m  and spins freely on a frictionless bearing at 25.0 rev/min.
−2 2

A 0.600-kg ball of putty is dropped vertically on the turntable and sticks at a point 0.100 m from the center. By
what factor does the angular momentum of the system change after the putty is dropped onto the turntable?
1.00 (no change)

11.3 Harmonic Motion and Energy

I attach a 2.0-kg block to a spring that obeys Hooke's Law and supply 4.0 J of energy to stretch the spring. I
release the block; it oscillates with period 0.30 s. The amplitude is:
9.5 cm.
A bowling ball has a mass of 8.0 kg, a moment of inertia of 3.2 × 10  kg·m , and a radius of 0.10 m. If it rolls
−2 2

down the lane without slipping at a linear speed of 3 m/s, what is its angular speed?
30 rad/s

A uniform solid sphere rolls down an incline of height 3 m after starting from rest. In order to calculate its speed
at the bottom of the incline, one needs to know:
no more than is given in the problem.

Iced tea is made by adding ice to 1.7 kg of hot tea, initially at 80°C. How many kg of ice, initially at 0°C, are
required to bring the mixture to 10°C? (L  = 3.33 × 10  J/kg, c  = 4 186 J/kg⋅°C)
f
5
w

1.3 kg

An inventor develops a stationary cycling device by which an individual, while pedaling, can convert all of the
energy expended into heat for warming water. What minimum power must be generated if 250 g water (enough
for 1 cup of coffee) is to be heated in 15 min from 25°C to 91°C? (1 cal = 4.186 J, the specific heat of water is 4
186 J/kg⋅°C)
80 W

An initially installed flywheel can store 10  J of kinetic energy when rotating at 300 rad/s. It is replaced by another
6

flywheel of the same size but made of a stronger material. If its mass is the same as that of the original, and it is
now capable of achieving a rotational speed of 445 rad/s, what maximum energy can be stored?
2.20E+6 J

A 3.0-m rod is pivoted about its left end. A force of 10 N is applied perpendicular to the rod at a distance of 1.2 m
from the pivot causing a ccw torque, and a force of 5.2 N is applied at the end of the rod 3.0 m from the pivot.
The 5.2-N force is at an angle of 30  to the rod and causes a cw torque. What is the net torque about the pivot?
o

(Take ccw as positive.)

4.2 N·m

Consider two steel rods, A and B. B has three times the area and twice the length of A, so Young's modulus for B
will be what factor times Young's modulus for A?
1.0

Heat flow occurs between two bodies in thermal contact when they differ in what property?
temperature

A figure skater with arms initially extended starts spinning on the ice at 3 rad/s. She then pulls her arms in close to
her body. Which of the following results?
 a greater rotational rate

How many calories are equal to one BTU? (One calorie = 4.186 J, one BTU = 1 054 J.)
252

11.2 Examples of Simple Harmonic Motion

By what factor should the length of a simple pendulum be changed if the period of vibration were to be
quadrupled?
16

11.2 Examples of Simple Harmonic Motion

A 0.20-kg object is attached to a spring with spring constant k = 10 N/m and moves with simple harmonic motion
over a horizontal, frictionless surface. At the instant that it is displaced from equilibrium by −0.060 m, what is its
acceleration?
3.0 m/s2

11.2 Examples of Simple Harmonic Motion

A mass on a spring vibrates in simple harmonic motion at a frequency of 4.0 Hz and an amplitude of 5.0 cm. If a
timer is started when its displacement is a maximum (hence x = 5 cm when t = 0), what is the acceleration
magnitude when t = 3 s?
31.6 m/s 2

If cooking is done using an aluminum pan over an electric burner, which of the following will not promote the
rate of heat flow from burner to food?
increase pan bottom thickness

Dams at two different locations are needed to form a lake. When the lake is filled, the water level will be at the
top of both dams. The Dam #2 is twice as high and twice as wide as Dam #1. How much greater is the force of the
water on Dam #2 than the force on Dam #1? (Ignore atmospheric pressure; it is pushing on both sides of the
dams.)
8
How much heat energy is required to vaporize a 5.0-g ice cube at 0°C? The heat of fusion of ice is 80 cal/g. The
heat of vaporization of water is 540 cal/g, and c  = 1.00 cal/g⋅°C.
water

3,600 cal

11.4 Stress, Strain, and Hooke's Law

A uniform pressure of 21 × 10  N/m  is applied to all six sides of a copper cube. What is the percentage change in
5 2

volume of the cube? (for copper, B = 14 × 10  N/m )

10 2

1.5 × 10  %−3
A bucket of water with total mass 23 kg is attached to a rope, which in turn, is wound around a 0.080-m radius
cylinder at the top of a well. A crank with a turning radius of 0.5 m is attached to the end of the cylinder. What
minimum force directed perpendicular to the crank handle is required to just raise the bucket? (Assume the rope's
mass is negligible, that the cylinder turns on frictionless bearings, and that g = 9.8 m/s .)
2

36 N

A Ferris wheel starts at rest and builds up to a final angular speed of 0.70 rad/s while rotating through an angular
displacement of 2.5 rad. What is its average angular acceleration?
0.098 rad/s 2

A uniform meterstick balances on a fulcrum placed at the 40-cm mark when a weight W is placed at the 20-cm
mark. What is the weight of the meterstick?
2W

Of the planets with atmospheres, which is the warmest?

Venus

What is the total mass of the Earth's atmosphere? (The radius of the Earth is 6.4 × 10  m, and atmospheric
6

pressure at the surface is 10  N/m .)

5 2

5 × 10  kg
18

A silver bar of length 35 cm and cross-sectional area 1.5 cm  is used to transfer heat from a 100°C reservoir to a
2

0°C block of ice. How much ice is melted per second? (For silver, k = 427 J/s⋅m⋅°C. For ice, L  = 334 000 J/kg.)
f

0.055 g/s

An electrical generating plant operates at a boiler temperature of 223°C and exhausts the unused heat into a
nearby river at 20°C. If the generating plant has a power output of 890 megawatts (MW) and if the actual
efficiency is 3/4 the theoretical efficiency, how much heat per second must be delivered to the boiler? (0°C = 273
K)
2,899 MW

The volume of an ideal gas changes from 0.35 to 0.56 m3 although its pressure remains constant at 56,000 Pa.
What work is done on the system by its environment?
-11,760 J

13.1 Sound Is a Longitudinal Wave

A sound wave coming from a tuba has a wavelength of 0.674 m and travels to your ears at a speed of 345 m/s.
What is the frequency of the sound you hear?
512 Hz

12.2 Describing Waves

A musical tone, sounded on a piano, has a frequency of 820 Hz and a wavelength in air of 0.400 m. What is the
wave speed?
328 m/s

What is the phase difference when two waves, traveling in the same medium, undergo constructive interference?
 0°

In an isothermal process for an ideal gas system (where the internal energy doesn't change), which of the
following choices best corresponds to the value of the work done on the system?
the negative of its heat intake

Two springs, each with spring constant k, are attached end to end in a series fashion. A second pair of identical
springs are also attached in series fashion. Then the pair of series attached springs are attached in parallel to each
other. What is the effective spring constant of the resulting combination of springs?
k

A 1.0-kg chunk of ice at 0°C melts, absorbing 80 000 cal of heat in the process. Which of the following best
describes what happens to this system?
 increased entropy

A traveling wave train has wavelength 0.4 m, speed 28 m/s. Find the wave frequency.
70 Hz

The efficiency of a Carnot engine operating between 97°C and 0°C is most nearly:
26%.

Entropy is a measure of the ____ of a system.

Disorder

What is the phase difference when two waves, traveling in the same medium, undergo constructive interference?
0°

If a radio wave has speed 3.61 × 108 m/s and frequency 94.1 MHz, what is its wavelength?
3.84 m

13.1 Sound Is a Longitudinal Wave

A series of ocean waves, 2.5 m between crests, move past at 2.0 waves/s. Find their speed.
5.0 m/s

A mass-spring system on a horizontal frictionless surface is set in simple harmonic motion with amplitude A. The
mass is then doubled and the system is again set into simple harmonic motion with the same amplitude. Which of
the following is true about the total mechanical energy of the system due to doubling the mass?
It has not changed.
A 0.23-kg mass is oscillating on a spring over a horizontal frictionless surface. When it is at a displacement of 2.2
cm for equilibrium it has a kinetic energy of 1.7 J and a spring potential energy of 2.8 J. What is the maximum
speed of the mass during its oscillation?
6.3 m/s
A long string is pulled so that the tension in it increases by a factor of three. If the change in length is negligible,
by what factor does the wave speed change?
1.73

13.3 Standing Sound Waves

A tuning fork is sounded above an adjustable length resonating tube (one end closed), which resonates at a length
of 0.250 m and again at 0.750 m. What is the frequency of the fork when the speed of sound is taken to be 340
m/s?
340 Hz

13.2 Amplitude and Intensity of a Sound Wave

The intensity level of sound 30 m from a jet airliner is 120 dB. At what distance from the airplane will the sound
intensity level be a tolerable 100 dB? (Assume spherical spreading of sound.)
300 m

I attach a 3.7-kg block to a spring that obeys Hooke's Law and supply 16 J of energy to stretch the spring. I
release the block; it oscillates with period 0.3 s. The amplitude is:
CP /CV

A pound of body fat has an energy content of about 4,100 kcal. If a 1,100-kg automobile had an equivalent
amount of translational kinetic energy, how fast would it be moving? (0.447 m/s = 1 mph, 1 kcal = 4 186 J)
395 mph

If one could observe the individual atoms making up a piece of matter and note that during a process of change
their motion somehow became more orderly, then one may assume which of the following in regard to the
system?
decreases in entropy

A gasoline engine with an efficiency of 28.1% operates between a high temperature T1 and a low temperature T2 =
310 K. If this engine operates with Carnot efficiency, what is the high-side temperature T1?
431 K

A heat engine exhausts 3,700 J of heat while performing 1,700 J of useful work. What is the efficiency of the
engine?
31%

Triple the mass per unit length of a guitar string will result in changing the wave speed in the string by what
factor?
0.58
How many nodes does a standing wave in a string have at the frequency of the sixth harmonic?
The answer is not given.
4.6 mm

13.5 Reflection and Scattering of Sound

13.6 The Doppler Effect

A 500-Hz whistle is moved toward a listener at a speed of 10.0 m/s. At the same time, the listener moves at a
speed of 20.0 m/s in a direction toward the whistle. What is the apparent frequency heard by the listener? (The
speed of sound is 340 m/s.)
545 Hz

A mass of 0.32 kg, hanging from a spring with a spring constant of 78 N/m, is set into an up-and-down simple
harmonic motion. What is the speed of the mass when moving through the equilibrium point? The starting
displacement from equilibrium is 0.19 m.
If the frequency of a traveling wave train is increased by a factor of three in a medium where the speed is
constant, which of the following is the result? If the frequency of a traveling wave train is increased by a factor of
three in a medium where the speed is constant, which of the following is the result?
wavelength is one third as big

A mass on a spring vibrates in simple harmonic motion at a frequency of 6 Hz and an amplitude of 3 cm. If a
timer is started when its displacement is a maximum (hence x = 3 cm when t = 0), what is the speed of the mass
when t = 7 s?
zero

12.2 Describing Waves

A musical tone, sounded on a piano, has a frequency of 820 Hz and a wavelength in air of 0.400 m. What is the
wave speed?
328 m/s

12.8 Standing Waves

A C note (f = 128 Hz) is sounded on a piano. If the length of the piano wire is 1.00 m and its mass density is 5.00
g/m, what is the tension in the wire?
328 N

A 5-mol ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic free expansion (a rapid expansion into a vacuum), going from an
initial volume of 20 L to a final volume of 40 L. How much work is done on the system during this adiabatic free
expansion?
zero
13.2 Amplitude and Intensity of a Sound Wave

If one-half of the members of a symphony orchestra are absent because of head colds, thus reducing the overall
intensity of sound by 50%, what will be the reduction in the decibel level?
3 dB

12.8 Standing Waves

A 100-m long high-voltage cable is suspended between two towers. The mass of the 100-m cable is 200 kg. If the
tension in the cable is 20,000 N, what is the lowest frequency at which this cable can oscillate?

0.50 Hz

The oxygen molecule (O2) may be regarded as two masses connected by a spring. In vibrational motion, each
oxygen atom alternately approaches, then moves away from the center of mass of the system. If each oxygen
atom of mass m = 2.67 × 10−26 kg has a vibrational energy of 1.6 × 10−21 J and the effective spring constant is 50
N/m, then what is the amplitude of oscillation of each oxygen atom?

8 × 10−12 m

According to the second law of thermodynamics, which of the following applies to the heat received from a high
temperature reservoir by a heat engine operating in a complete cycle?
cannot be completely converted to work

Waves propagate at 8.6 m/s along a stretched string. The end of the string is vibrated up and down once every 1.5
s. What is the wavelength of the waves that travel along the string?
12.9 m

A mass on a spring vibrates in simple harmonic motion at a frequency of 6 Hz and an amplitude of 3 cm. If a
timer is started when its displacement is a maximum (hence x = 3 cm when t = 0), what is the speed of the mass
when t = 7 s?
zero
12.2 Describing Waves

A musical tone, sounded on a piano, has a frequency of 820 Hz and a wavelength in air of 0.400 m. What is the
wave speed?
328 m/s

12.8 Standing Waves

A C note (f = 128 Hz) is sounded on a piano. If the length of the piano wire is 1.00 m and its mass density
328 N

A 5-mol ideal gas system undergoes an adiabatic free expansion (a rapid expansion into a vacuum), going from an
initial volume of 20 L to a final volume of 40 L. How much work is done on the system during this adiabatic free
expansion?
zero

13.2 Amplitude and Intensity of a Sound Wave

If one-half of the members of a symphony orchestra are absent because of head colds, thus reducing the overall
intensity of sound by 50%, what will be the reduction in the decibel level?
3 dB

12.8 Standing Waves

A 100-m long high-voltage cable is suspended between two towers. The mass of the 100-m cable is 200 kg. If the
tension in the cable is 20,000 N, what is the lowest frequency at which this cable can oscillate?
0.50 Hz

The oxygen molecule (O2) may be regarded as two masses connected by a spring. In vibrational motion, each
oxygen atom alternately approaches, then moves away from the center of mass of the system. If each oxygen
atom of mass m = 2.67 × 10−26 kg has a vibrational energy of 1.6 × 10−21 J and the effective spring constant is 50
N/m, then what is the amplitude of oscillation of each oxygen atom?
8 × 10−12 m
According to the second law of thermodynamics, which of the following applies to the heat received from a high
temperature reservoir by a heat engine operating in a complete cycle?
cannot be completely converted to work

Waves propagate at 8.6 m/s along a stretched string. The end of the string is vibrated up and down once every 1.5
s. What is the wavelength of the waves that travel along the string?
12.9 m

12.8 Standing Waves

Tripling the tension in a guitar string will change its natural frequency by what factor?
31/2

13.3 Standing Sound Waves

A 2.00-m long organ pipe is open at one end and closed at the other. Its fundamental tone has wavelength:
8.00 m.

13.5 Reflection and Scattering of Sound

13.6 The Doppler Effect

You stand by the railroad tracks as a train passes by. You hear a 950-Hz frequency when the train approaches,
which changes to 820 Hz as it goes away. How fast is the train moving? The speed of sound in air is 340 m/s.
25.0 m/s

Suppose a 0.35-kg mass on a spring-loaded gun that has been compressed 0.2 m has elastic potential energy of 1.8
J. How high above the spring's equilibrium point can the gun fire the mass if the gun is fired straight up?
0.32 m

Sound waves of a certain frequency in air having a wavelength of 1.9 m will have what wavelength in water?
Take the speed of sound in air to be 340 m/s and in water to be 1 490 m/s.
8.3 m

13.2 Amplitude and Intensity of a Sound Wave

If the distance between a point sound source and a dB detector is increased by a factor of 10, what will be the
reduction in intensity level?
20 dB
When one note is above another note by an octave, the frequency of the higher pitch note is double that of the
lower pitch note. The word octave may make you think that there are 8 steps from the lower note to the one an
octave above. But wait! How many steps are there on a piano from middle C to the next C above? Each key is a
step. If each next key is a step, how many are there? Middle C is a white (W) key and the next note above is a
black (B) key. Starting at middle C on the piano the sequence of key we go through to get to high C, is
BWBWWBWBWBWW, the last key being high C. Count ‘em. That's 12 steps. If the multiplying factor of the
frequency for the next step is the same for each step, what is that multiplying frequency? All you need is given in
this problem statement.
21/12

13.2 Amplitude and Intensity of a Sound Wave

Doubling the distance between sound source and a listener will change the intensity, as detected by the listener,
by what factor?
1/4

An object moving in simple harmonic motion has an amplitude of 0.07 m and a maximum acceleration of 50 m/s 2.
What is the frequency of the system?
4.3 Hz

If a long spring with spring constant k is cut into 4 equal lengths, what is the spring constant of each of the 4
shorter springs?
 It is 4k.

A musical tone, sounded on a piano, has a frequency of 450 Hz and a wavelength in air of 0.800 m. What is the
wave speed?
360 m/s

Question text
A sound intensity of 70 dB is observed at a distance d from the source of sound. What sound intensity would be
observed at a distance 2d from the source?
64 dB

13.1 Sound Is a Longitudinal Wave

The density of a certain solid is 7.2 × 103 kg/m3, and its Young's modulus is 8.0 × 1010 N/m2. What is the speed of
sound in this material?
3300 m/s

13.4 Beats

Two tuning forks sounding together result in a beat frequency of 3 Hz. If the frequency of one of the forks is 512
Hz, what is the frequency of the other?
509 Hz or 515 Hz
In an isobaric process 2.4 × 104 J of work is done on a quantity of gas while its volume changes from 2.7 m 3 to 1.5
m3. What is the pressure during this process?
2.0 × 104 Pa

A mass on a spring vibrates in simple harmonic motion at a frequency of 4.2 Hz and an amplitude of 8.4 cm. If a
timer is started when its displacement is a maximum (hence x = 8.4 cm when t = 0), what is the displacement of
the mass when t = 3.3 s?

0.054 m

By what factor should the length of a simple pendulum be changed if the period of vibration were to be five
times?
25

According to the first law of thermodynamics, the sum of the heat gained by a system and the work done on that
same system is equivalent to which of the following?
internal energy change

In which system is heat usually transferred from the cooler part to the warmer part?
 a refrigerator that is running

A 0.23-kg mass is oscillating on a spring over a horizontal frictionless surface. When it is at a displacement of 2.2
cm for equilibrium it has a kinetic energy of 1.7 J and a spring potential energy of 2.8 J. What is the maximum
speed of the mass during its oscillation?
31%

12.8 Standing Waves

A C note (f = 128 Hz) is sounded on a piano. If the length of the piano wire is 1.00 m and its mass density is 5.00
g/m, what is the tension in the wire?
328 N

12.3 Examples of Waves

A wave travels in a string at 60 m/s. A second string of 40% greater linear density has the same tension applied as
in the first string. What will be the resulting wave speed in the second string?
51 m/s

Which of the following increases the internal energy of a solid metal rod?
having the rod absorb heat
An 870-MW electric power plant has an efficiency of 27%. It loses its waste heat in large cooling towers.
Approximately how much waste heat (in MJ) is discharged to the atmosphere per second?

2,352 MJ

The superposition principle has to do with which of the following?

how displacements of interacting waves add together

System 1 is 3.3 moles of a monatomic ideal gas held at a constant volume of 2.34 L as it undergoes a temperature
increase. System 2 is 3.3 moles of a diatomic ideal gas held at a constant volume of 2.34 L as it undergoes a

temperature increase equal to the temperature increase of System 1. The pressure increase for system 1 is   

and for System 2 is   during the temperature increases. What is the ratio of  ?

1.00

12.2 Describing Waves

A traveling wave train has wavelength 1.0 m and speed 20 m/s. Find the wave frequency.

The surface of the Sun is at approximately 5 700 K and the temperature of the Earth's surface is about 290 K.
What total entropy change occurs when 920 J of heat energy is transferred from the Sun to the Earth?
3.01 J/K

Which of the following ranges corresponds to the shortest wavelengths?

 ultrasonic

At the dice factory, sets of novelty dice are created where a side with 7 dots replaces the single dot side. The sides
then range from 2 to 7 instead of the usually 1 to 6. Using such dice for a game of craps, what will be the most
probable roll?
9

Suppose there is an object for which F = +kx. What will happen if the object is moved away from equilibrium (x =
0) and released?
It will move further away with increasing acceleration.

Two water waves meet at the same point, one having a displacement above equilibrium of 60 cm and the other
having a displacement above equilibrium of 70 cm. At this moment, what is the resulting displacement above
equilibrium?
130 cm

Consider the curve f(x) = A cos(2πx/λ). The wavelength of the wave will be:
twice the distance x2 to x3.

Three identical springs each have the same spring constant k. If these three springs are attached end to end
forming a spring three times the length of one of the original springs, what will be the spring constant of the
combination?
k/3

12.3 Examples of Waves

Transverse waves travel with a speed of 283 m/s along a taut copper wire that has a diameter of 1.50 mm. What is
the tension in the wire? (The density of copper is 8.93 g/cm 3.)
1260 N

A person consumes 2,000 kcal/day while expending 3,500 kcal/day. In a month's time, about how much weight
would this person lose if the loss were essentially all from body fat? (Body fat has an energy content of about 4
100 kcal per pound.)
11 pounds

12.2 Describing Waves

A musical tone, sounded on a piano, has a frequency of 820 Hz and a wavelength in air of 0.400 m. What is the
wave speed?
328 m/s

13.2 Amplitude and Intensity of a Sound Wave

The intensity level of sound 30 m from a jet airliner is 120 dB. At what distance from the airplane will the sound
intensity level be a tolerable 100 dB? (Assume spherical spreading of sound.)
300 m

A 0.36 kg object, attached to a spring with spring constant k = 10 N/m, is moving on a horizontal frictionless
surface in simple harmonic motion of amplitude of 0.082 m. What is its speed at the instant when its displacement
is 0.041 m? (Hint: Use conservation of energy.)
37.4 cm/s

When angular momentum is conserved, rotational speed

may increase, but can never decrease.
When measuring the volume of soda in a large bottle, what unit of measure should be used?
L

The distance between two fixed point is ____.

Length

An unbalanced external torque acting on an object will cause a change in the object's
linear momentum.

If an object moves along a straight path it is said to be _____ motion.

Both A and B

A doorknob is normally placed near the edge of the door opposite the hinges. This is because
a force at this position will produce a maximum torque.

A skydiver weighing 500 newtons jumps from an airplane at a height of 2000 meters. If there is no air
resistance, the skydiver's kinetic energy will equal his potential energy relative to the ground when he
is at a height of ____ meters.
1000

How would you write 0.0005 in scientific notation?

5 x 10^4

How many significant figures are there in 0.0054 grams?

2

When you run up two flights of stairs instead of walking up them, you feel more tired because
your power output is greater when you run than when you walk.

What happens to the total energy of a moving object if all the applied forces are conserved?
 It remains constant

Scott drives a Jeep 12 km east, then 4 km north, then finally 3 km west. He traveled a total distance of:
19 km

The energy use in solar cookers, solar distillation plants, solar power plants is known as
solar energy
The work done against gravity in moving a box with a mass of 20 kilograms through a height of 5
meters is
1000 joules

The Moon's gravity is 1/6 of the Earth's gravity. The mass of a bowling ball on the Earth would be ____
its mass on the Moon.
equal to

The total momentum before a collision is equal to the total momentum after the collision.
This is true for any collision.

An elastic collision is one in which

no lasting deformation of either object occurs.

Angular momentum is the product of

rotational inertia and rotational velocity.

Which of these is the most accurate statement about kinetic energy in a collision between two
objects?
 Kinetic energy is only conserved if the collision is elastic.

A moving car possesses

mechanical energy

Whether you slam on the brakes or apply a steady, moderate pressure to the brake pedal, the ____
required to bring your car to a stop will be the same.
Impulse

According to Newton’s first law of motion, a moving object that is not acted on by an unbalanced force
will
remain in motion.

During a game of dodgeball, Marina runs 2.45 meters forward to grab a dodgeball, then runs 1.25
meters backward to avoid a opponent's dodgeball. Her displacement would be:
1.2 meters forwards

A train traveled a distance of 180 kilometers in 5 hours. Its average speed was ____ km/hr.
36
The work done against gravity in moving a box with a mass of 3 kilograms through a horizontal distance
of 5 meters is
0 joules

How many significant figures are there in 1008 grams?

4

A 60-kg grandfather and his 20-kg granddaughter are balanced on a seesaw. If the granddaughter is
sitting 3 meters from the pivot point, the grandfather must be sitting ____ from it.
1 meters

A motorbike engine can develop a power of 90000 W in order to keep a constant velocity of 30 m/s.
What is the pushing force?
3000 N

A car traveling at 60 km/hr passes a truck going 30 km/hr. If the truck has twice the mass of the car,
which of the following is true?
The car has the same momentum and twice as much kinetic energy as the truck.

How would you write -5.6 x 10^-3 in standard form?

-0.0056

_____ is the rate at which work is done.

Power

As a spinning ice skater moves her arms out away from her body,
her rotational speed decreases, due to conservation of angular momentum.

Impulse is equal to the change in ____ of the object on which the impulse acts.
Momentum

Work is equal to the product of

force and distance

A heavy block is suspended from a vertical spring. The elastic potential energy is stored in the spring is
2 J. What is the spring constant if the elongation of the spring is 10 cm?
400 N/m

An impulse of 100 N-s is applied to an object. If this same impulse is delivered over a shorter time
interval,
the force involved will be increased.

What is the acronym to help you remember the ratios to use in trigonometry?
SOHCAHTOA

How many significant figures are there in 0.0054 grams?

Metric

The rule of scientific notation is to write all exponents with a base of ____.
10

What is known as the change in position of an object?

Displacement

Convert 17 m to cm:
1,700 cm

A car is traveling north at 17.7 m/s. After 12 s its velocity is 14.1 m/s in the same direction. Find the
magnitude and direction of the car's average acceleration.
0.30 m/s2, south

The physical quantities used in displacement both direction and magnitude are called as:
Vectors

An airplane increases its speed at the average rate of 15 m/s2. How much time does it take to increase
its speed from 100 m/s to 160 m/s?
4.0 s

Which of these is the most accurate statement about momentum in a collision between two objects?
Momentum is always conserved.

A ping-pong ball rolls forward 6 meters, and bounces backward 3 meters. It traveled a total distance of:
9 meters

Torque is the product of

lever arm and force

Round off 333 to the nearest hundred

300

The energy possessed by a body due to its position is called its

potential energy

A skydiver weighing 500 newtons jumps from an airplane at a height of 2000 meters. At the start of the
jump, the skydiver's potential energy is ____ joules relative to the ground.
 1,000,000

Legend says that Archimedes, in determining whether or not the king's crown was made of pure gold, measured
its volume by the water displacement method. If the density of gold is 19.3 g/cm 3, and the crown's mass is 610 g,
what volume would be necessary to prove that it is pure gold?

c.
31.6 cm

Which of the following characterizes the net force on a particle falling through a fluid at its terminal speed?

It is zero.

By what factor should the length of a simple pendulum be changed if the period of vibration were to be
quadrupled?

16

A uniform pressure of 8.1 × 105 N/m2 is applied to all six sides of a copper cube. What is the percentage change
in volume of the cube? (for copper, B = 14 × 1010 N/m2)

0.6 × 10−3 %

A 0.30-m radius automobile tire rotates how many rad after starting from rest and accelerating at a constant 4.0

rad/s2 over a 3.0-s interval?

18 rad
The use of fiberglass insulation in the outer walls of a building is intended to minimize heat transfer through the
wall by what process?

conduction
A 0.20-m radius grinding wheel starts at rest and develops an angular speed of 9 rad/s in 3 s. What is the
average tangential acceleration of a point on the wheel's edge?

0.6 m/s2

Iced tea is made by adding ice to 1.7 kg of hot tea, initially at 80°C. How many kg of ice, initially at 0°C, are
required to bring the mixture to 10°C? (Lf = 3.33 × 105 J/kg, cw = 4 186 J/kg⋅°C)

1.3 kg

The bulk modulus of a material, as a meaningful physical property, is applicable to which of the following?

solids, liquids and gases

An 800-N billboard worker stands on a 4.0-m scaffold weighing 500 N and supported by vertical ropes at each
end. How far would the worker stand from one of the supporting ropes to produce a tension of 770 N in that
rope?

1.4 m

A mass on a spring vibrates in simple harmonic motion at a frequency of 4.0 Hz and an amplitude of 5.0 cm. If a
timer is started when its displacement is a maximum (hence x = 5 cm when t = 0), what is the acceleration
magnitude when t = 3 s?

31.6 m/s

A ventilation fan has blades 0.25 m in radius rotating at 30 rpm. What is the tangential speed of each blade tip?

0.79 m/s

I attach a 2.0-kg block to a spring that obeys Hooke's Law and supply 4.0 J of energy to stretch the spring. I
release the block; it oscillates with period 0.30 s. The amplitude is:

Select one:
9.5 cm

A mass of 4.0 kg, resting on a horizontal, frictionless surface, is attached on the right to a horizontal spring with
spring constant 30 N/m and on the left to a horizontal spring with spring constant 50 N/m. If this system is
moved from equilibrium, what is the effective spring constant?

80 N/m

A meter stick is hinged at its lower end and allowed to fall from a vertical position. If its moment of inertia
is ML2/3, with what angular speed does it hit the table?

5.42 rad/s

A ceiling fan is turned on and reaches an angular speed of 120 rev/min in 20 s. It is then turned off and coasts to
a stop in an additional 60 s. The ratio of the average angular acceleration for the first 20 s to that for the last 60 s
is which of the following?

-3

A Ferris wheel, rotating initially at an angular speed of 0.50 rad/s, accelerates over a 4.0-s interval at a rate of
0.10 rad/s2. What angular displacement does the Ferris wheel undergo in this 7.00-s interval?

2.80 rad

A 4.0-kg mass is placed at (3.0, 4.0) m, and a 7.0-kg mass is placed at (3.0, −4.0) m. What is the moment of
inertia of this system of masses about the x axis?

176 kg·m2

A bucket in an old well is hoisted upward by a rope which winds up on a cylinder having a radius of 0.05 m. How
many rev/s must the cylinder turn if the bucket is raised at a speed of 0.25 m/s?

Select one:
0.80 rev/s
A spool of thread has an average radius of 1.00 cm. If the spool contains 126 m of thread, how many turns of
thread are on the spool? "Average radius" allows us to not need to treat the layering of threads on lower layers.

2000

By what factor should the length of a simple pendulum be changed if the period of vibration were to be
quadrupled?

16

If one's hands are being warmed by holding them to one side of a flame, the predominant form of heat transfer
is what process?

radiation

The water behind Grand Coulee Dam is 1 200 m wide and 200 m deep. Find the hydrostatic force on the back of
the dam. (Hint: the total force = average pressure × area)

23.52 × 1010 N

How much air must be pushed downward at 50.0 m/s to keep an 840-kg helicopter aloft?

165 kg/s

How much heat energy must be removed from 100 g of oxygen at 24°C to liquefy it at −183°C? (The specific heat
of oxygen gas is 0.218 cal/g⋅°C, and its heat of vaporization is 50.9 cal/g.)
9,600 cal

A 2.0-kg mass in the xy plane is moving in the negative x direction at 3.0 m/s along the line y = 5.0 m. As the
mass passes across the y axis (i.e., passing the point (x, y = 0, 5.0 m)), what is its angular momentum with
respect to the z axis?

30 SI units

A pipe carrying water has a radius of 1.0 cm. If the flow velocity is 9.0 cm/s, which of the following characterizes
the flow? Take the viscosity of water to be 1.0 × 10−3 N ⋅s/m.

Streamlined

A ping-pong ball has an average density of 0.0840 g/cm3 and a diameter of 3.80 cm. What force would be
required to keep the ball completely submerged under water?

0.258 N

A majorette takes two batons and fastens them together in the middle at right angles to make an "x" shape.
Each baton was 0.90 m long and each ball on the end is 0.20 kg. (Ignore the mass of the rods.) What is the
moment of inertia if the arrangement is spun around an axis through the center perpendicular to both rods?

0.16 kg·m2
A hoop, solid sphere, and solid cylinder each have the same mass and same radius. When rolling down the same
incline, which has the greatest torque from gravity on it?

They all have the same torque

The bottom of a flat-bottomed aluminum boat has area = 4.1 m2 and mass = 61 kg. If two fishermen and their
fishing gear with total mass of 315 kg are placed in the boat, how much lower will the boat ride in the water?

0.077 m

A car with bad shocks bounces up and down with a period of 1.50 s after hitting a bump. The car has a mass of
1250 kg and is supported by four springs of force constant k. What is k for each spring?
5480 N/m

The pressure inside a commercial airliner is maintained at 1.00 atm (105 Pa). What is the net outward force
exerted on a 1.0 m × 2.0 m cabin door if the outside pressure is 0.30 atm?

140 000 N

A blimp is filled with 400 m3 of helium. How big a payload can the balloon lift? (The density of air is 1.29 kg/m3;
the density of helium is 0.18 kg/m3.

444 kg

A 6.0 kg mass in the xy plane is moving in the negative x direction at 3.0 m/s along the line y = 4.0 m. As the
mass passes the point (x, y = 10 m, 4.0 m), what is its angular momentum with respect to the z axis?

72 SI units

If a 1,000-kg car was moving at 30 m/s, what would be its kinetic energy expressed in the unusual (for kinetic
energy) units of calories? (1 cal = 4.186 J)

1.1 × 105

A solid sphere and a solid cylinder both have the same radius and mass. If the sphere is spun about an axis

through it center with angular velocity  sphere, what angular velocity must the cylinder have to the same
rotational kinetic energy as the sphere? Round your answer to 2 significant figures.
A mass of 4.0 kg, resting on a horizontal, frictionless surface, is attached on the right to a horizontal spring with
spring constant 30 N/m and on the left to a horizontal spring with spring constant 50 N/m. If this system is
moved from equilibrium, what is the effective spring constant?

80 N/m

A circular disk is rotating about a central axis with an angular velocity which is increasing at a constant rate.

Point 1 on the disk is located at a distance   from the center of the disk and point 2 on the disk is located at

a distance   from the center of the disk. If  , which of the following ratios is the largest? 1 and 2 refer to
being at points 1 and 2 in the subscripts below, all values occurring at the same time.

A 4-g lead bullet traveling in 20°C air at 290 m/s strikes a flat steel plate and stops. What is the final temperature
of the lead bullet? (Assume the bullet retains all heat.) The melting point of lead is 327°C. The specific heat of
lead is 0.128 J/g⋅°C. The heat of fusion of lead is 24.5 J/g.
327°C

Two children seat themselves on a seesaw. The one on the left has a weight of 400 N while the one on the right
weighs 300 N. The fulcrum is at the midpoint of the seesaw. If the child on the right is not at the end but is 1.50
m from the fulcrum and the seesaw is balanced, what is the torque provided by the weight of the child on the
left? (Take ccw as positive.)
450 N·m

Three identical springs, each with spring constant k, are attached in parallel to a mass, which is then set into
simple harmonic motion. What would be the spring constant of a single spring which would result in the same
frequency of oscillation as the parallel springs?

3k

A slice of bread contains about 150 kcal. If specific heat of a person were 1.00 kcal/kg ⋅°C, by how many  °C would
the temperature of a 70.0-kg person increase if all the energy in the bread were converted to heat?

2.14°C

A 8.8-kg mass is placed at (2.0, 3.0) m. Where can a 4.4-kg mass be placed so that the moment of inertia about
the z axis is zero?
There is no position giving this result.

An object of mass m and moment of inertia I has rotational kinetic energy KER. Its angular momentum is:
(2 IKER)1/2.

A fan blade, initially at rest, rotates with a constant acceleration of 0.025 rad/s2. What is the time interval
required for it to reach a 10-rad displacement after starting from rest?
28 s

A meterstick is supported by a knife-edge at the 50-cm mark. Doug hangs masses of 0.40 and 0.60 kg from the 5-
cm and 70-cm marks, respectively. Where should Doug hang a third mass of 0.20 kg to keep the stick balanced?

80 cm

A baseball pitcher, loosening up his arm before a game, tosses a 0.15-kg ball using only the rotation of his
forearm, 0.30 m in length, to accelerate the ball. If the ball starts at rest and is released with a speed of 22 m/s
in a time of 0.4 s, what is the average angular acceleration of the arm and ball?

183.3 rad/s2

A circular disk is rotating about a central axis with an angular velocity which is increasing at a constant rate.

Point 1 on the disk is located at a distance   from the center of the disk and point 2 on the disk is located at

a distance   from the center of the disk. If  , which of the following ratios is the largest? 1 and 2 refer to
being at points 1 and 2 in the subscripts below, all values occurring at the same time.

A wave is traveling in a string at 58 m/s. When the tension is then increased 17%, what will be the resulting
wave speed?

63 m/s
In the first law of thermodynamics

How many nodes does a standing wave in a string have at the frequency of the sixth harmonic?

The answer is not given.

The adiabatic index of a gas is given by which of the following?
CP /CV

If a radio wave has speed 3.61 × 108 m/s and frequency 94.1 MHz, what is its wavelength?

3.84 m

A phase difference of 480° corresponds to what wavelength difference?

4λ/3

The superposition principle has to do with which of the following?

how displacements of interacting waves add together

While standing at a crosswalk, you hear a frequency of 540 Hz from an approaching police car. After the police
car passes, its frequency is 480 Hz. What is the speed of the police car? (speed of sound = 340 m/s)
20.0 m/s

If a long spring with spring constant k is cut into 4 equal lengths, what is the spring constant of each of the 4
shorter springs?

It is 4k.

The SI base units for spring constant are which of the following?

kg/s2

Two tuning forks sounding together result in a beat frequency of 3 Hz. If the frequency of one of the forks is 512
Hz, what is the frequency of the other?
509 Hz or 515 Hz

A person consumes 2,000 kcal/day while expending 3,500 kcal/day. In a month's time, about how much weight
would this person lose if the loss were essentially all from body fat? (Body fat has an energy content of about 4
100 kcal per pound.)
11 pounds