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Team Games
5
Any game which provides opportunities to two or more
players working together towards a shared objective is called
a team game. A team game is an activity in which individuals
are organised in a team to compete with the opposing team,
in accordance with a set of laws/rules to win. Games like
Basketball, Cricket, Football, Handball, Hockey, Volleyball,
etc., are some of the classic examples of major team games.
However, over a period of time, the popularity of team
games has grown continuously. These games have positively
influenced not just the players, but also their fans, local and
national economies. All over the world, the impact of team
games can be seen resulting in professional players to live
out their dreams. Star players have become role models to
youth. Young athletes/players develop life skills which are
followed as footsteps of their role models.
In this chapter, some of the team games like Basketball,
Cricket, Football, Handball, Hockey, Kabaddi, Kho-Kho, and
Volleyball are explained.
Basketball
Basketball is a team game played between two teams
of five players each, on the court. Very high amount of
energy (calories) expenditure is there in this game. It also
helps in building bone and muscle strength and boosts the
immune system. This game also develops self-discipline and
concentration among young players.
History
Basketball originated in the United States of America and
was invented by Dr. James Naismith in December, 1891, who
was a Physical Educator at the International Young Men’s
Christian Association Training School (YMCA) (now known
Rationalised 2023-24
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130 Health and Physical Education - XI
as Springfield College of Physical Education) in Springfield,

Massachusetts.
Do You Know?
On January 15 1892, the first
set of rules of the Basketball
game were published by
Dr. James Naismith in the
college magazine, “Triangle”,
under the title “A New Game”.
Fig. 5.1: Dr. James Naismith
Naismith sought a vigorous indoor game to keep his

students occupied and at proper levels of fitness. But after
rejecting many ideas, he obtained a soccer ball and two
wooden peach baskets. He hung the baskets on the railing of
the balcony at the height of 10 ft above the floor at the opposite
ends of the gym hall. The objective of the game was to toss
the soccer ball into the peach baskets. The first basketball
game was played among physical education students with
nine players on each side, of Springfield secretarial training
class of Physical Education (PE) College in December, 1891.
The International Basketball Federation FIBA (French
acronym: Federation Internationale de Basketball) association
was founded in Geneva in 1932. Basketball was featured in
the St. Louis, Missouri, United States, III Olympic Games
in 1904. It was officially recognised as an Olympic game in
1936 in Berlin. Due to the wide popularity, Basketball was
played in the first Asian Games in 1951 held at New Delhi.
History of basketball in India

Basketball was introduced in India by American missionaries
towards the end of the first decade of 20th century. It was
presumed that in the year 1905, the game of basketball was
started at the YMCA Calcutta by H. Peterson and J.N. Guaj.
The credit of starting and popularising this game goes to
YMCA College of Physical Education, Madras in the year 1920.
The first National Basketball Championship was organised
in 1934 by the Indian Olympic Association and later after the
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Team Games 131
constitution of Basketball Federation of India (BFI) in 1950 at

Do You Know?
Mumbai, the First National Basketball Championship under •• Late C.C. Abraham,
the banner of BFI was held at Ludhiana (Punjab) in 1951. professional Physical
Education Leader, from
Measurement of playgrounds, and field and Y.M.C.A. College of Physical
specifications of equipment Education, Chennai and
Meher Singh of Rajasthan
Playing court were the founder, president
and secretary of Basketball
The playing court shall have a hard and flat surface, free Federation of India (BFI).
from obstructions with dimensions of 28 m in length and
•• Wheelchair Basketball was
15 m in width measured from the inner edge of the boundary
developed in USA by a
lines and free space atleast 2 m on all sides. badly injured army person
after the Second World War
Boundary lines around 1946. The rules are
These lines are not part of the playing court. The centre approximately similar to
line is marked parallel to the endlines from the mid-point Basketball.
of the sidelines. The extended centreline at sidelines (5 cm)
divides the court in two halves. It consists of a Back court
(team’s own basket area) and a Front court (consists of the
opponents’ basket). All lines are drawn 5 cm in width and in
clearly visible white colour. The centre circle shall be marked
in the centre of the playing court and have a radius of 1.80
m measured to the outer edge of the circumference. If the
inside of the centre circle is painted, it must be the same
colour as of the restricted areas.
28m
0.90m Sideline
Throw-in line
8.325m
0.15m
Endline
1.575m
3.6m
6.75m
Restricted
Semi-Circle
No-charge
Centre
Circle
Area
15m
Th
Endline
ree
Centre line
Po
in
tL
in
e
Sideline
Fig. 5.2: Basketball court
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Free-throw lines, restricted areas and free-throw

Do You Know?
•• Side line and end line of The free-throw lines are drawn parallel to each end line.
Basketball court is 28m in It shall have its farthest edge 5.80 m from the inner edge of
length and 15m in width the end line and shall be 3.60 m long. Its mid-point lies on
respectively. the imaginary line joining the mid-point of the two end lines.
•• Back support poles are 2 m The restricted areas are the rectangular areas marked on
away from the end lines. the playing court limited by the end lines, the extended free-
•• The height of the ring from throw lines and the lines which originate at the end lines.
floor is same as it was when Their outer edges being 2.45 m from the mid-point of the end
Basketball was originated. lines, terminate at the outer edge of the extended free-throw
lines. These lines, excluding the endlines, are part of the
restricted area. The inner side of the restricted areas must
be painted in one colour. The freethrow semi-circles marked
on the playing court with a radius of 1.80 m measured to the
outer edge of the circumference and with their centres at the
mid-point of the free-throw lines.
•• 3 points can be scored by shooting the ball into the op-
ponents’ basket from the entire court but from outside
of the 3 point line.
•• 2 points can be scored by shooting the ball into the
opponents’ basket, if the shot is taken from inside the
3 point line.
•• Only 1 point can be scored by single free shots.
1.8m
0.83m
No-charge
Semi-Circle area 0.83m
Neutral
0.4m
5.8m
Zone
0.375m
1.25m 0.85m
1.2m 1.75m
4.9m
Fig. 5.3: Restricted area in basketball
Equipment
The following equipment will be required—Backstop units
(backboards, comprising rings and nets, backboard support
structures including padding), basketballs, game clock,
scoreboard, shot clock, stopwatch or suitable (visible) device
(not the game clock) for timing and time-outs, two separate
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Team Games 133
distinctly different and loud signals, one each for the shot
clock operator and scorer/timer, scoresheet, player foul
markers, and team foul markers.
Backboard
The backboards (1.80 m horizontally and 1.05 m vertically)
shall be made of a suitable transparent material, made in
one (1) piece, non-reflective, with a flat front surface. All lines
on the backboards shall be white, 50 mm in width. The rings
shall be made of solid steel and shall have an inside diameter
of a minimum of 450 mm and a maximum of 459 mm. The
nets (400 mm to 450 mm in length) shall be made of white
cord with 12 loops to attach it to the ring.
182.9cm
7.6cm 61cm 121.9cm
45.7cm 5cm
30.5cm
Fig. 5.4: Basketball backboard
182.88cm
106.68cm
3.05m from the ground
18inch
wide Diameter
Fig. 5.5: Basketball backboard and rim dimensions
Basketball
The ball shall be spherical, with black seams not exceeding
6.35 mm in width and, either of a single shade of orange or of
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International Basketball Federation (FIBA) approved colour

combination and made of leather/artificial/composite/
synthetic leather/rubber. For all men’s and women’s
competitions, the basketball specifications are given in the
following table and diagram.
Do You Know?
First time Indian women’s team Table 1: Basketball dimensions according to category
participated in Bangkok Asian
Game in 1978.
Category Size Circumference Weight
Men 7 749–780mm 567–650g
Women 6 724–737mm 510–567g
Functional Rules of Basketball

Basketball is governed by FIBA official rules. The aim of each
team is to score in the opponent’s basket and to prevent the
other team from scoring. The team that has scored the greater
number of points at the end of playing time is declared as the
winner.
Team
In a match, two teams compete with each other. Each team
shall consist of not more than 12 team members entitled
to play, including a captain who represents his team on
the playing court. During playing time, five players from
each team shall be on the playing court, without this a game
cannot begin. Teams may use as many substitutions as.
A maximum of five team support staff members who may
sit on the team bench and have special responsibilities,
e.g., manager, doctor, physiotherapist, trainer, statistician,
interpreter, etc., besides a coach and, if a team wishes, it can
have an assistant coach also. Player’s positions are given in
the diagram below.
Fig. 5.7: Players, position (right), attack, defence (left)
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Team Games 135
Opponents’ Own Basket

The basket that is attacked by a team is the opponents’
basket and the basket which is defended by a team is one’s
own basket.
Uniforms
The ‘All-in-ones’ uniform of the team members shall consist
of—Jersey of the same dominant colour on the front and back
and numbered on the front and back atleast 10 cm high
in front and 20 cm high in back with atleast 2 cm width.
All players must tuck their Jersey into their playing shorts.
Shorts end above the knee, of the same dominant colour at
front and back, but not necessarily of the same colour as the
jersey. Socks of the same dominant colour for all players of
the team. Teams must have a minimum of two sets of jersey
(light/dark). Chest number will be from 0 to 99 or 00.
Officials, table officials and commissioner

The officials shall be a referee and 1 or 2 umpire(s). They
shall be assisted by the table officials and by a commissioner,
if present. The table officials shall be a scorer, an assistant
scorer, a timer and a shot clock operator. Different signals
are used to run the game by officials. Each foul and goal
shall be mentioned in the scoresheet.
Playing time, tied score and extra periods

The game shall consist of 4 periods of 10 minutes each.
There shall be intervals of 2 minutes between the first and
second quarter (first half), between the third and fourth
period (second half) and before each extra period. There shall
be a half-time interval of play of 15 minutes. If the score is
tied at the end of playing time for the fourth period, the game
shall continue with as many extra periods of 5 minutes as is
necessary to break the tie.
Beginning and end of a period or the game

The first period begins when the ball leaves the hand(s) of
the referee on the toss for the jump ball and followed. All the
other periods start when the ball is disposed to the players
by the officials for the throw in.
How the ball is played

A game of basketball is played with hand(s) only and may be
passed, thrown, tapped, rolled or dribbled in any direction,
subject to the restrictions of the rules.
Chap-5.indd 135 31-07-2020 15:27:25
Goal
A basket scored from inside the three-point area (also called
2 point field goal area) is worth of 2 points. A basket scored
from beyond the three-point area (3 point field goal area) is
awarded 3 points. A basket scored for the free-throw is worth
of one point for each successful attempt.
Time-out
Each time-out shall last 1 minute. Each team may be granted
two time-outs during the first half, three time-outs during
the second half with a maximum of two of these time-outs in
the last 2 minutes of the second half. One time-out during
each extra period is also given.
Substitution
A team may substitute a player(s) during a substitution
opportunity when the game clock is stopped and the ball
becomes dead.
Game Lost by Forfeit and default

The game is lost by a team if the team is absent or unable to
present with five players on the court, or by their action to
prevent the game in scheduled time, or if they refuse to play.
In this situation, the opponent team is declared winner by
20–0.
The game may be lost by default when a team has fewer
then two players during the running game at the playing
court. The opponent team is declared winner by 2–0.
Violations
A violation is an infraction of the rules. There are different
types of violation that occurs during the game.
1. Player out-of-bounds and ball out-of-bounds: A
player is out-of-bounds when any part of his body is
in contact with the sideline or endline.
2. Dribbling: A dribble starts when a player, having
gained control of a live ball on the playing court,
throws, taps, rolls, dribbles it on the floor or
deliberately throws it against the backboard and
touches it again before it touches another player. A
dribble ends when the player touches the ball with
both hands simultaneously or permits the ball to
come to rest in one or both hands.
3. Time Rule: Three seconds—A player shall not hold
the ball in the opponents’ restricted area with live ball
for more than continuous 3 seconds.
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Team Games 137
•• Five seconds—A player may not hold the ball for

Activity 5.1
more than 5 seconds. Find out the information about
•• Eight seconds— A team has to go into the opponents’ Wheelchair Basketball and
court within 8 seconds. share it with classmates.
•• Twenty four seconds—When a team gains possession
of the ball, they have to attempt the shot within
maximum of 24 seconds.
4. Back court: A team which is in control of live ball in
its front court may not cause the ball to be illegally
return to its back court.
Fouls
A foul is an infraction of the rules concerning illegal personal
contact with an opponent and/or unsportsmanlike behaviour.
A number of fouls may be called against a team. Once a team
has made four fouls in a period, each next foul will award two
free throws to the opponent team. Fouls categorised as personal
foul, technical foul, unsportsmanlike foul, disqualifying foul
and noted as individual player foul or team fouls.
Fig. 5.8: An offensive foul
1. Personal foul: A personal foul occurs when there is

illegal contact between two opponents. A player shall not
hold, block, push, charge, trip or impede the progress
of an opponent by extending the body part, neither in
an ‘abnormal’ position nor shall the player indulge in
any rough or violent play. A player who commits more
than five personal fouls is excluded from the game.
(a) Charging: An offensive foul that is committed
when a player pushes or runs over a defensive
player. The ball is given to the team upon which
the foul was committed.
Chap-5.indd 137 31-07-2020 15:27:26
(b) Blocking: It is an illegal personal contact, which

impedes the progress of an opponent with or
without the ball.
2. Technical Foul: It is a non-contact foul of a
behavioural nature (disregarding warning,
disrespectful, foul language, delay, etc.).
3. Unsportsmanlike foul: It is a foul where spirit of the
game or the hard contact is made.
4. Disqualification Foul: It is any unsportsmanlike
(violence) action by players, coaches or delegation
members.
Irrespective of the penalty, each foul shall be charged,
entered on the score sheet against the offender and penalised
accordingly. All the possible foul penalties against players on
the playing court involved in fighting or any situation which
leads to a fight shall be dealt with in accordance of rules.
Basic Skills of Basketball

Basketball is played with the help of different skills and
techniques like stance, footwork, ball holding and handling,
dribbling, passing-receiving, shooting and rebounding.
Few are mentioned here.
Dribbling
It is important to move the ball across the court, get away from
defensive players, make or find a good passing line, make use
of faking action, 1 on 1 and of course to penetrate the ball
to score the goal. There are different types of dribbling which
may be learnt and developed with the help of different drills in
stationary and moving positions with or without the defensive
player.
Fig. 5.9: Dribbling

•• Stationary dribble
•• Low dribble
•• High dribble
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Team Games 139
•• Change of pace dribble

•• Crossover dribble
•• Behind the back dribble
•• Between the legs dribble
•• Speed dribble
•• Reverse spin dribble
Passing and Receiving

A good offensive attack requires accurate passing and
receiving. It helps to speed the ball, find an open man, to find
a good shooter or to get away the ball from the defender. Fake
and feint are used to increase the quality of passing. There
are different types of passing using one or both hands during
different stationary and moving group and team drills.
•• Chest pass
•• Overhead pass
•• Push pass
•• Bounce pass
•• Shoulder pass
•• Hook pass
•• Off the dribble pass
•• Baseball pass
Fig. 5.10: Passing and receiving

Shooting
The objective of the game is to win by scoring maximum
points. Therefore, improving the team’s shooting is important
to win a game. Shooting by either one or both hands may be
done in the following ways:
•• Jump Shot
•• Dunk Shot
•• Free Throw
•• Layup
•• Three point shot
Chap-5.indd 139 31-07-2020 15:27:27
Fig. 5.11: Shooting
Rebounding
The objective of rebounding is to successfully gain possession
of the basketball after a missed field goal or free throw, as it
rebounds from the ring or backboard. This plays a major role
in the game, as most possessions end when a team misses
a shot. There are two categories of rebound—offensive
rebound, in which the ball is recovered by the offensive side
and does not change possession, and defensive rebound, in
which the defending team gains possession of the loose ball.
The majority of rebound is defensive, as the team on defence
tend to be better positioned to recover the missed shots.
Fig. 5.12: Rebounding
Defence
The game of basketball allows a variety of defences to be
deployed in an effort to disrupt and combat the offensive
plays. Here are examples of the three basic categories of team
defence. In addition, each category consists of an assortment
of different variations.
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Team Games 141
1. Man to man defence: Man to man defence is usually

Do You Know?
assigned to be matched up with the defenders against Basketball is also played by
specific offensive players. Defenders are usually three players on each side.
assigned to be matched up with the offensive players
by size and ability.
Activity 5.2
2. Zone Defence: In zone defence, defenders are •• What is the air pressure of a
assigned to guard specific areas on the court. Zones Basketball?
are named or designated by their player alignments.
•• When and where was the
first Basketball match in
Olymic Games played?
•• Who invented Basketball?
•• Why is the colour of
basketball orange?
•• What is the size and weight
of a basketball?
Fig. 5.13: Zone defence
3. Combined Defence: The third type of defence

that can be deployed is the combination defence.
With combination defence, some of the players are
assigned to play man to man while the rest of the
defenders play zone defence. Combination defences
are usually deployed in an effort to stop or neutralise
great individual offensive players.
Awards in Basketball
To motivate the extraordinary achievements of the player
and coaches, the Government of India honours players with
different awards along with cash prizes and certificates.
Prasanthi Singh was honoured with Arjuna Award in
2017 and she is the first basketball player who received the
prestigious civilian award Padma Shri in 2018.
Famous Indian Basketball Players

Paramjeet Singh, Sarabjit Singh, Vishesh Bhriguwanshi,
Tridep Rai, Suman Sharma, Divya Singh, Anitha, I.V.
Chairian, Satnaam Singh, Jagdeep Singh, Gurvinder Singh,
and Shri Khusi Ram.
Chap-5.indd 141 31-07-2020 15:27:28
Cricket
Playing any game need strength and vice versa helps in
building strength. Cricket also, through the constant running
across the field, helps in increasing the stamina, balance,
hand-eye coordination, flexibility and ball-handling skills.
Cricket includes a lot of throwing and sprinting across the
field, which is a good cardiovascular activity.
History
A reference of a game resembling to cricket is there in the
records of King Edward I, in 1300 being played at Kent. Cricket
as a game was first recorded in 16th century in England.
Researches show that the game evolved from a very old,
widespread game to pass time in which one player served a
small piece like a ball made up of wood or any other material
and another player hit it with a suitable item. The first
recorded cricket match took place in Kent in 1646. Cricket
was popular and widely documented in England during the
1700s. After 1760, the game saw the evolution of over arm
bowling by replacing under arm bowling. The Marylebone
Cricket Club (MCC) was formed on 31st May, 1787. After a
year, it laid down a code of laws regarding the game. Its laws
were adopted throughout the game. MCC today remains the
custodian and arbiter of laws relating to cricket around the
world. Thereafter, cricket recognisably became the game that
is played today. In the 1800, cricket had reached the West
Indies and India and in the 19th century cricket was played
in South Africa and New Zealand. The first international
cricket game was played between the USA and Canada in
1844. The match was played at the grounds of St George’s
Cricket Club in New York. In 1877, an England touring team
in Australia played two matches against full Australian XIs
that are now regarded as the inaugural test matches.
History of Cricket in India

Cricket is undoubtedly one of the most popular games in
India since its inception. The first Indian Cricket club, named
the Parsee Oriental Cricket Club, was founded in the year
1848 and they played their first match in Bombay (Mumbai).
From this point, the journey of Indian cricket began. The
first international exposure in the history of Indian Cricket
came in the year 1926. In the same year, a team from the
Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) toured India. Though it was
an unofficial tour, Indian people were quite interested and
enthusiastic about the matches that MCC played during
the tour.
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Team Games 143
The legendary Indian cricket player, C.K. Naidu played

Do You Know?
brilliantly during that tour and he also scored a century India won the 60 over World
against the MCC in Bombay. Imperial Cricket Conference Cup beating West Indies in
(ICC), now International Cricket Council, was formed on 1983, 50 over World Cup
30 November, 1907. At present there are 105 countries as defeating Sri Lanka in 2011
members of ICC. The Board of Control for Cricket in India and 20 over World Cup beating
Pakistan in 2007.
(BCCI) was established in the year 1928. India played its first
test match against England in 1932. Now cricket is played
to cover all the three formats, ranging from 5 Day tests, to Activity 5.3
the exciting one-day 50 over format, and the 20 over format Gather and share information
which is called as T20. about the first Indian team of
test match, one day match and
T20 match in male and female
categories.
Fig. 5.14: Cricket in the early ages
Functional Rules
Cricket has many laws, more than any other game. Cricket is
played with a bat and ball on a large field, known as ground.
It is played between two teams having 11 players each. There
is also a reserved player called a ‘twelfth player’, who is used
if any player is injured during the play. The twelfth player is
not allowed to bowl, bat, or to act as wicketkeeper or captain
of the team. The twelfth player is only to act as a substitute
fielder.
The objective of the game is to score runs with the bat
by the batsman, or dismiss the opposing batsman when in
the field by the bowlers. The cricket laws are for the traditional
form of cricket which is called ‘Test Cricket’. However, there
are separate rules for one day and T20 format game also.
Chap-5.indd 143 31-07-2020 15:27:29
Activity 5.4 Field positions

Find out the details about one
day and T20 format of Cricket.
3rd Man Fineleg
Slips Leg Slips

Gully
WK
Point Square Leg Deep
Square
Cover Point
Cover Mid Wicket
Extra Cover
Bowler
Deep
Mid Wicket
Deep Extra Mid Off Mid On
Cover
Long Off Long On
Fig. 5.15: Fielding positions on the cricket ground
Fig. 5.16: Cricket players and equipment
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Team Games 145
Number of Players in a team 11 (Playing) + 05 (Extras) = 16

Number of Officials 03 Umpires, 01 Match Referee, 02 Scorers
Length of the Bat 38 inches (965 mm)
Width of the Bat 4.25 inches (108 mm)
Weight of a Cricket Ball 155.9 gms – 163 gms
Circumference of a Ball 22.4 cm – 22.9 cm
Colour of a Ball Red (Day Matches and Test Matches)
White (Day Night Matches)
Length of the Pitch 22 yds or 20.12 mts or 66 feet
Width of the Pitch 3.05 mts or 10 feet
Height of the Stumps 28 inches (With bails 28.5 inches)
Width of the Stumps 9 inches (22.9 cm)
Fig. 5.17: Cricket pitch measurements
There are two ground umpires and a third umpire.

Their role is to ensure in the ground that the game is played
as per the preambles and laws. The third umpire is in charge
of the video decisions.
Game Structure: Test cricket is a game that spans for
two or more innings. This means that one team needs to
bowl and the other would do batting. If a team is out twice or
scores less runs in two innings, than that team is the losing
team.
Before the game begins, an umpire tosses a coin.
The captain who guesses the correct side of the coin will then
choose whether to bat or field first.
How to play Cricket

•• One team will bat while the other team will field.
•• If the bowler bowls the ball from the wrong place or
the ball is either dangerous or bounces more than
twice or rolls before reaching the batsman or if fielders
are standing at illegal positions, it is called ‘No Ball’.
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The batsman can hit a no ball and score runs and also
cannot be declared out from a no ball except if the
player is run out or hit the ball twice, or obstruct the
field. A no ball will add one run to the batting team.
•• A ‘Wide Ball’ is declared if the batsman did not have a
reasonable opportunity to score off the delivery. As if
the delivery is bowled over the batsmen’s reach. A wide
delivery will add one run to the batting team.
•• A ‘Bye’ run is scored when a batsman is trying to hit
(a)
the ball but could not hit it and is miss-field by the
fielder or wicket keeper.
•• A ‘Leg Bye’ run is scored if while hitting, the batsman
misses to hit the ball by bat and is deflected by striker’s
body or protective gear.
(b)
Fig. 5.18: (a) No ball

(b) Wide ball
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(e) (f) (g) (h)
Fig. 5.19: (a) Bye (b) Leg bye (c) Out (d) Short run (e) Six
(f) Four (g) Decision change (h) Dead ball
When is a Batsman declared ‘out’ as per cricket rules?

There are 11 ways through which a batsman can be given
“out” in the game of cricket.
•• Bowled: If the ball is bowled and hits the striking bats-
man’s wickets, the batsman is given out (as long as
at least one bail or stump is dislodged by the ball).
Chap-5.indd 146 31-07-2020 15:27:32
Team Games 147
It does not matter whether the ball has touched the

Activity 5.5
batsman’s bat, gloves, body or any other part of the •• Draw and discuss the
batsman. different positions of the
•• Caught: If a batsman hits the ball or touches the ball fielders in cricket.
at all with the bat or hand holding the bat and the
fielders, or wicket keeper or bowler catches the ball, it Do You Know?
is called as caught out. There is no fix measurement for
•• Stumped: A batsman can be given out when the cricket’s outer bounderies.
wicketkeeper puts down the wicket while the player
is out of the crease and not attempting a run (while
attempting a run it would be a run out) but trying to
play the ball and misses it.
(a) (b) (c)
Fig. 5.20: (a) Bowled (b) Caught (c) Stumped
•• Leg Before Wicket (LBW): If the ball is bowled (not a

No Ball) and it hits the batsman first without touching
and the bat and umpire thinks and decide that the
ball would have hit the wickets if the batsman was not
there, then the LBW decision is possible. However, if
the ball hits the batsman outside the line of off stump
while the player was attempting to play a stroke then
the player is not out.
•• Run Out: A batsman is out if no part of the bat or body
is grounded behind the popping crease while the ball is
in play and the wicket is fairly put down by the fielding
side.
•• Hit Wicket: If a batsman hits the wicket down with the
bat or body after the bowler has entered the delivery
stride and the ball is in play, then the player is out.
•• Handled the Ball: If the batsman willingly handles
the ball with the hand that is not touching the bat
without the consent of the opposition, then the player
is declared out.
Chap-5.indd 147 31-07-2020 15:27:33
(a) (b)
Fig. 5.21: (a) Hit wicket (b) Run out
Do You Know? •• Obstructing the Field: A batsman is out if he willingly

After Jim Leker of England, obstructs the opposition by word or action.
only Anil Kumble from India in
1999 took all 10 wickets in one
inning (74/10 in 26.3 overs).
(a) Fig. 5.22: (a) Handled the ball (b) Obstructing the(b)
field
•• Timed Out: The time for an incoming batsman to face a

ball or be at the non-strikers end within three minutes
of the outgoing batsman being dismissed. If this is not
done, the incoming batsman can be given out.
•• Hit the Ball Twice: If a batsman hits a ball twice other
than for the purpose of protecting his wicket, he is out.
•• Retired: If a batsman retires without the umpire’s
consent and also doesn’t have the consent of the
opposition captain to resume his innings, then
technically he is out.
There are many other cricket laws. Many of the more
advanced rules and laws can be learned along the way and
are not vital to general play.
Chap-5.indd 148 31-07-2020 15:27:35
Team Games 149
Awards in Cricket Do You Know?

To motivate the extraordinary achievements of the players •• Football was essentially
and coaches, the Government of India honours players with rugby until 1882.
different awards along with cash prizes and certificates. •• Football is the most watched
and most played sport on
earth.
In the year 2018
Virat Kohli received Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award in 2018.
Smriti Mandhana was honoured with Arjuna Award. Tarak
Sinha has been honoured with Dronacharya Award for an
excellent contribution as a Coach.
Football
The history of football is over more than 1000 years old.
Today, football is world’s most favourite sport played in
almost every country. Studies reveal about various games
similar to the modern football being introduced in different
parts of the world by different cultures for different purposes.
Oldest version of football game is believed to be played in the
villages of Chinese dynasty.
History of the Game

Both rugby and football have a common root. There were
many who instead of kicking believed in running with
the ball in their hands. Kicking the ball included tripping
the legs without any legislation or rules to govern. On the
contrary, many people stood for football with kicking as it
involved greater mastery of ball. In football, high level of skill
precision was required to control and manoeuvre the ball
with foot. The rules of play were subsequently smoothed
down and smartened to create organised sports at Britain
and Scotland. It was at this point that the people spoke out
against rough customs as tripping, shin-kicking and so on.
As it happened, the majority also expressed disapproval at
carrying the ball with hand. It was in 1863 in England that
the Rugby football group withdrew and formed a separate
branch. This further led to the development modern-day
sports of ‘Association Football’, ‘Rugby Football’ and ‘Gaelic
Football’ in Ireland. Later the Football Association in England
was formed becoming the sports’ first governing body. In
1904, ‘Federation International de Football Association’
(FIFA) was founded in Paris as an international governing
body of football. The game of football in today’s scenario is
called ‘Soccer’.
Chap-5.indd 149 31-07-2020 15:27:35
Do You Know? Modern football

Durand Cup started in the Britain is regarded as the home to modern association
year 1888 in Shimla and it is football. Within Britain and Scotland, the game was popular
the second oldest tournament from eight century and again played with different variations.
in the world. Presently, this In medieval times, towns and villages played against the
tournament is being organised rival towns and villages — and kicking, punching, biting and
in New Delhi every year with gouge were allowed. Hundreds of people took part and the
the help of Indian Defence
games could last all day. It was same until the game started
Services.
being promoted in schools in England as an integral part of
the school curriculum. The need for uniform standards and
Activity 5.6 rules acceptable to everyone was the need of the hour. This
Collect information about the led to the role of Cambridge University in unifying the schools
various types of free kicks in and the clubs to a meeting in 1863 for establishing common
football. acceptable rules. Football Association Challenge Cup was
started in 1872, which is regarded as the world’s oldest
football championship. In the year 1888, ‘Durand Cup’ was
started in Shimla (India) and in modern time Durand cup for
football is regarded as second oldest football tournament in
the world. Later in 1904, FIFA (Federation International de
Football Association) was formed with France, Netherlands,
Belgium, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, Spain and
Germany as the founder members.
History of Football in India

Football in India has been a popular sport introduced in
nineteenth century by the British army, from the capital
at Calcutta. Durand Cup started in 1888, founded by the
then India’s Foreign Secretary, Mortimer Durand at Shimla.
Durand Cup is the third oldest football tournament after
Football Association (FA) Cup and Scottish Cup. Clubs like
Mohan Bagan, which is the oldest current team, was formed
in 1889. Indian Football Association (IFA) Shield is the fourth
oldest tournament in the world which was founded in 1893
and is still being played. Durand Cup was shifted to Delhi.
Since 1950, every year it is organised under the supervision of
Indian Army.
Before the birth of the All India Football Federation (AIFF)
in 1937, India was lacking a constituted national organisation
for football. Since, football gained immense popularity year
after year, a need for the proper administration of the game
was considered. The association that governed football in
West Bengal, Indian Football Association (IFA), was given the
status of the de-facto governing body of football. That time
all the foreign tours of Indian football team were organised
by IFA. AIFF was affiliated to FIFA (international governing
body of football) in 1948 and to Asian Football Confederation
(AFC) in 1954. AIFF has played a key role in promoting
Chap-5.indd 150 31-07-2020 15:27:35
Team Games 151
football in India. To serve the purpose, it has taken the

Activity 5.7
responsibility of Indian national football team. National Football Find out the measurements
League (I-League), Federation Cup and National Football of the football ground in your
Championship for Santosh Trophy are some of the prominent school or nearby school in your
football tournaments being organised by the AIFF. vicinity.
Fig. 5.23: A football ground
Laws of football Do You Know?

In the game of football, rules are called Laws and there Neil Armstrong wanted to take
are 17 Laws of football that govern the game. FIFA is the a football to the moon, but
NASA refused it as nothing
governing body of football around the world. It governs the
extra was allowed.
rules for playing the sport. The referees are being trained for
consistent interpretation and quality enforcement of the 17
laws of the game. There are 17 laws of the game which are
the codified rules of help define association football.
Law 1
The Field of Play: It mentions about the field surface along
with the dimensions for field marking. The field of play should
be rectangular in shape and the width should not exceed the
length of the field.
Table 2: Dimensions
Length (Touch Minimum 90 mt 100 yds

Line) Maximum 120 mt 130 yds
Minimum 45 mt 50 yds
Width (Goal Line)
Maximum 90 mt 100 yds
Chap-5.indd 151 31-07-2020 15:27:36
Table 3: International Matches

Length (Touch Line)
Ball Width (Goal Line)
FIFA defines minimum dimensions of 45m × 90m and
maximum dimensions of 90m × 120m for a standard football
ground. FIFA has also set measurements for minimum
football ground for the official matches or international
Shin guards competitions as 64m × 100m and maximum to 75m × 110m.
Law 2
Ball: The football must meet the following criteria as per the
FIFA laws—
(a) The ball shall be spherical in shape.
Football boots or Studs
(b) It should be made of leather or any other suitable
Fig. 5.24: Football equipment material approved by the governing body.
(c) Ball circumference shall be 68 to 70 cm which is equal
to 27 to 28 inches.
(d) The weight of the ball shall be between 410 to 450g
which is equal to 14 to 16 oz at the start of the match.
(e) Air pressure should be equal to 0.6–1.1 atmosphere
(600–1,100 g/cm2) at sea level.
Law 3
Number of Players: A match is played by two teams. Each
team shall consist of not more than 11 players during the
match, one of whom shall act as goalkeeper. A match may
not start if either team consists of fewer than seven players.
Substitutions: Up to a maximum of three substitutes may be
used in any match played in an official competition organised
under the auspices of FIFA or the member associations. For
all other competitions, the rules of the competition must
state how many substitutes may be nominated, it can vary
from three up to a maximum of twelve, before the tournament
begins.
Law 4
Players’ Equipment: The basic compulsory equipment of a
player comprises the following items:
(a) A jersey or shirt with sleeves: If undergarments are
worn, the colour of the undergarments must be of
same colour as the sleeve of the jersey or shirt.
(b) Shorts: If undershorts or tights are worn, these must
be of same colour as the shorts.
Chap-5.indd 152 31-07-2020 15:27:36
Team Games 153
(c) Stockings: If tape or similar material is applied

Do You Know?
externally, it must be of same colour as that part of Soccer is the universal name of
the stocking to which it is applied. the Footbal game. It is governed
(d) Shin guards by the rules formed by FIFA.
(e) Shoes
Law 5
Referee: Each match is controlled by a referee, who shall
enforce the Laws of the Game. Duties of a Referee:
(a) Enforces the Laws of the Game.
(b) Controls the match in cooperation with the assistant
referees (Line Judges) and, wherever applicable, with
the fourth official (Table Official).
(c) Ensures that the ball used meets the requirements of
Law number 2.
(d) Ensures that the player’s equipment meet the
requirements according to Law number 4.
(e) Acts as timekeeper and keeps a record of the match.
(f) Stops, suspends or abandons the match, for any
infringements of the Laws.
(g) Stops, suspends or abandons the match because of
outside interference of any kind.
(h) Stops the match if, in his opinion, a player is seriously
injured and ensures that player is removed from the
field of play. An injured player may only return to the
field of play after the match has restarted.
(i) Allows the play to continue until the ball is out of play
if a player is, in his opinion, only slightly injured.
Law 6
Assistant Referees: The decision of the assistant referee
is always subject to the decision of the referee. However,
two assistant referees are appointed, whose duties, are to
indicate:
(a) when the entire ball leaves the field of play.
(b) which team is entitled to a corner kick, goal kick or
throw-in.
(c) when a player may be penalised for being in an offside
position.
(d) when a substitution is requested.
(e) when misconduct or any other incident occurs out of
the view of the referee.
(f) when offences have been committed whenever the
assistant referees have a better view than the referee
(this includes, in certain circumstances, offences
committed in the penalty area).
Chap-5.indd 153 31-07-2020 15:27:36
(g) Whether, at penalty kicks, the goalkeeper moves off

Activity 5.8
Collect information about the the goal line before the ball is kicked and if the ball
kick off in football. crosses the line.
Law 7
Duration of the Match: The match lasts two equal periods
of 45 minutes, unless otherwise mutually agreed between
the referee and the two teams. Any agreement to alter the
duration of the periods of play (e.g., to reduce each half to 40
minutes because of insufficient light) must be made before
the start of play and must comply with competition rules.
The half-time interval must not exceed 15 minutes.
Law 8
Start and Restart of Play: A kick-off is a way of starting or
restarting play—
(a) At the start of the match.
(b) After a goal has been scored.
(c) At the start of the second half of the match.
(d) At the start of each period of extra time, wherever
applicable.
A goal may be scored directly from the kick-off. The
procedure for the kick-off is by pushing the ball in any
direction by one of the team mates but all the team members
must be in their own half before the kick-off. The team
winning the toss chooses the side to attack while the losing
team gets the kick-off. In the second half, the team that won
the toss gets the kick-off.
Law 9
Ball In and Out of Play: The ball is out of play when:
(a) It has wholly crossed the goal line or touch line
whether on the ground or in the air.
(b) Play has been stopped by the referee.
The ball is in play at all other times. Ball will also be in
play when:
(c) It rebounds off a goalpost, crossbar or corner flag post
and remains in the field of play.
(c) It rebounds off either the referee or an assistant
referee when they are on the field of play.
Law 10
Method of Scoring: A goal is scored when the whole of the
ball passes over the goal line between the goalposts and
under the crossbar, provided that no infringement of the
Chap-5.indd 154 31-07-2020 15:27:36
Team Games 155
Laws of the game has been committed previously by the team

scoring the goal.
Law 11
Offside: It is not an offence in itself to be in an offside position.
However, players in offside position cannot make themselves
on-side until the course of the ball changes.
A player is in an offside position if—
(a) The player is nearer to the opponents’ goal line than
both the ball and the second-last opponent.
A player is not in an offside position when:
(i) The player is in their own half of the field of
play, or
(ii) The player is level with the second-last opponent, or
(iii) The player is level with the last two opponents.
(b) There is no offside offence if a player receives the ball
directly from—
(i) a goal kick
(ii) a throw-in
(iii) a corner kick
Law 12
Fouls and Misconduct: For not following the Laws of the
game, the referee can penalise the team members through a—
(a) Direct Free Kick
(b) Penalty Kick
(c) Indirect Free Kick
The referee may caution the player, substitutes or
substituted players with a ‘Yellow Card’. The referee may
suspend the team members with a Red Card leading to
suspension from the current match along with a second
match suspension.
(a) A direct free kick: It is awarded to the opposing team if
a player commits any of the following seven offences
in a manner considered by the referee to be careless,
reckless or using excessive force.
(i) Kicks or attempts to kick an opponent
(ii) Trips or attempts to trip an opponent
(iii) Jumps at an opponent
(iv) Charges an opponent
(v) Strikes or attempts to strike an opponent
(vi) Pushes an opponent
(vii) Tackles an opponent
Chap-5.indd 155 31-07-2020 15:27:36
A direct free kick is also awarded to the opposing team if

a player commits any of the following three offences.
(i) Holds an opponent
(ii) Spits at an opponent
(iii) Handles the ball deliberately (except for the
goalkeeper within the player’s own penalty area)
(b) A penalty kick: A penalty kick is awarded if any of the
above ten offences is committed by a player inside
their own penalty area, irrespective of the position of
the ball, provided it is in play.
(c) An Indirect Free Kick: An indirect free kick is awarded
to the opposing team if a goalkeeper, inside their own
penalty area, commits any of the following four offences:
(i) Controls the ball with hands for more than six
seconds before releasing it.
(ii) Touches the ball again with hands after the ball
is released from his possession and before it has
been touched by another player.
(iii) Touches the ball with hands after it has been
deliberately kicked to the player by a team-mate.
(iv) Touches the ball with hands after receiving it
directly from a throw-in taken by a team-mate.
An indirect free kick is also awarded to the opposing team
if, in the opinion of the referee, a player—
(i) Plays in a dangerous manner
(ii) Impedes the progress of an opponent
(iii) Prevents the goalkeeper from releasing the ball
from the player’s hands
(iv) Commits any other offence, not previously
mentioned in Law 12, for which the play is stopped
to caution or send off a player.
The indirect free kick is taken from the place where the
offence occurred.
Cautionable offences (Yellow Card): A player is
cautioned and shown the yellow card if he commits any of
the following seven offences:
(i) Unsporting behaviour
(ii) Dissent by word or action
(iii) Persistent infringement of the Laws of the game
(iv) Delaying the restart of play
(v) Failure to respect the required distance i.e., 10
yards away from the ball, when play is restarted
with a corner kick, free kick or throw-in
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Team Games 157
(vi) Entering or re-entering the field of play without

the referee’s permission
(vii) Deliberately leaving the field of play without the
permission of referee.
A substitute or substituted player is cautioned with a
Yellow Card if commits any of the following three offences:
(i) Unsporting behaviour
(ii) Dissent by word or action
(iii) Delaying the restart of play
Sending-off offences (Red card): A player, substitute or
substituted player is sent off by showing a ‘Red Card’ if they
commit any of the following seven offences:
(i) Serious foul play
(ii) Violent conduct
(iii) Spitting at an opponent or any other person
(iv) Denying the opposing team a goal or an obvious
goal scoring opportunity by deliberately handling
the ball (this does not apply to a goalkeeper within
their own penalty area)
(v) Denying an obvious goal scoring opportunity to an
opponent moving towards the player’s goal by an
offence punishable by a free kick or a penalty kick
(vi) Using offensive, insulting or abusive language and
gestures
(vii) Receiving a second caution (yellow card) in the
same match
A player, substitute or substituted player who has been
sent off, must leave the vicinity of the field of play and the
technical area.
Law 13
Free Kicks: Free kicks are of two types.
(a) Direct free kick
(b) Indirect free kick
Direct free kick: If a direct free kick is taken and it enters
the goal:
(a) If a direct free kick is kicked directly into the opponents’
goal, a goal is awarded
(b) If a direct free kick is kicked directly into the team’s own
goal, a corner kick is awarded to the opposing team.
A score cannot be made through an indirect free kick if
taken straight way into the goal without touching any other
player.
Chap-5.indd 157 31-07-2020 15:27:36
Do You Know?
A direct free kick, if kicked
directly into the team’s own
goal, a corner kick is awarded
to the opposing team.
Fig. 5.25: Free kick

Law 14
Penalty Kick: A penalty kick is given against a team that
commits one of the ten offences inside its own penalty area
while the ball is in play. A goal may be scored directly from
a penalty kick.
During the penalty kick, all the players other than the
kicker are located—
(a) inside the field of play.
(b) outside the penalty area.
(c) behind the penalty mark.
(d) at least 9.15 m (10 yds) away from the penalty mark.
Fig. 5.26: Penalty kick
Law 15
Throw-in: It is a method of restarting play. A throw-in is
awarded to the opponents of the player who last touched the
Chap-5.indd 158 31-07-2020 15:27:37
Team Games 159
ball when the whole of the ball crosses the touch line, either
on the ground or in the air. A goal cannot be scored directly
from a throw-in.
Law 16
Goal Kick: A goal kick is a method of restarting play. A
goal kick is awarded when the whole of the ball passes over
the goal line, either on the ground or in the air, having last
touched a player of the attacking team. A goal may be scored
directly from a goal kick, but only against the opposing team.
If the goal kick is kicked into the team’s own goal, a corner is
awarded to the opposing team.
Law 17
Corner Kick: It is a method of restarting play. A corner kick
is given when the whole of the ball passes over the goal line,
either on the ground or in the air, having last touched a
player of the defending team. A goal may be scored against
the opposing team directly from a corner kick.
Measurements of playgrounds and specifications of
equipment:
All lines in the playground must be of the same width and
must not be more than 12 cm (5 inch).
Goal area: Two lines are drawn at right angles to the goal line,
5.5 m (6 yds) from inside of each goalpost. These lines extend into
the field of play for a distance of 5.5 m (6 yds). These extended
lines are joined by a line drawn parallel with the goal line. The
area bounded by these lines and the goal line is the goal area. A
goal kick is taken from the goal area only.
Penalty area Fig. 5.27: Flag post
•• Two lines are drawn at right angles to the goal line,
16.5 m (18 yds) from inside of each goalpost. These
lines extend into the field of play for a distance of 16.5
m (18 yds). These extended lines are joined by a line
drawn parallel with the goal line. The area bounded by
these lines and the goal line is called the penalty area.
•• Within each penalty area, a mark is made at a distance of
11 m (12 yds) from the midpoint between the goalposts or
equidistant to them. This is called penalty mark.
•• An arc with a radius of 9.15 m (10 yds) from the centre
of each penalty mark is drawn outside the penalty area
known as penalty arc.
Flag posts: A flag post, not less than 1.5 m (5 ft) high, with
a non-pointed top and a flag must be placed at each corner.
Flag posts may also be placed at each end of the halfway line,
not less than 1 m (1 yd) outside the touch line.
Chap-5.indd 159 31-07-2020 15:27:38
Goals: A goal must be placed on the centre of each goal

line. A goal consists of two upright posts equidistant from
the corner flag posts and joined at the top by a horizontal
crossbar. The goalposts and crossbar must be made of wood,
metal or other approved material.
They must be square, rectangular, round or elliptical in
shape and must not be dangerous to players. The distance
between the posts is 7.32 m (8 yds) and the distance from
the lower edge of the crossbar to the ground is 2.44 m (8 ft).
Both goalposts and the crossbar have the same width
and depth, which do not exceed 12 cm (5 inches). The goal
lines must be of the same width as the goalposts and the
crossbar. Nets may be attached to the goals and the ground
behind the goal. These are properly supported and do not
interfere with the goalkeeper. No part of the goalpost shall be
projected towards or inside the playing area. The goalposts
and crossbars must be white in colour.
Fig. 5.28: Goalpost
Famous Indian Football Players

P.K. Banerjee, Chuni Goswami, Sunil Chhetri, I.M. Vijayan,
Baichung Bhutia, V.P. Sathyan, Sandesh Jhingan, Sasmita
Mallick, Aditi Chauhan, etc.
Handball
History
At the end of the nineteenth century, somewhere in Northern
Europe, it became necessary to unify the rules, which was
Chap-5.indd 160 31-07-2020 15:27:38
Team Games 161
done by Karl Schelenz. The new game rules came in force in

Do You Know?
Berlin, in 1917. The sports international governing body was In India, Handball was founded
first formed in 1928 as the Federation International Handball by Jagat Singh Chauhan who
Amateur. It took its current name in Copenhagen, Denmark in was Physical Education teacher
1946 as the International Handball Federation (IHF). The first and hailed from Haryana.
president of IHF was Avery Brundage—an American who went He was the first secretary of
on to become president of the International Olympic Committee Handball Federation of India.
(IOC). The first Field Handball World Championships were
played in Germany in 1938, following its appearance at the Activity 5.9
1936 Berlin Olympic Games and then it made a comeback Make a list of the famous
handball players in male and
into the games in the 1972 Munich Olympic games.
female section.
The women’s version of the game was added in the 1976
Montreal Olympic games. Indoor Handball was invented in
the 1940s in Denmark. The International Handball Federation
which was established in 1946, oversees the game, and at
present it has 175 member countries associated with it. The
first International Handball Federation (IHF) World Men’s
Handball Championship commenced in 1954. The IHF World
Women’s Handball Championship commenced in 1957.
The Asian Handball Federation (AHF) is the governing
body of handball in Asia. The Asian Handball Federation
had begun when the Martyr Sheikh Fahad Al-Ahmad Al-
Sabah of the Kuwait initiated a motion to the Executive
Committee of the Asian Games requesting recognition of the
handball game and also formation of the Asian Handball
Federation during seventh Asian Games, Tehran, Iran in
1974. Accordingly, the Asian Games Federation during its
meeting on 26th of August 1974, had recognised Handball
as an official game. The headquarters is located in Kuwait
City, Kuwait.
The Handball federation of India was established in
1972. The first senior National Handball Championship
was held at Rohtak (Haryana) in 1972. Haryana won the
gold medal and Vidharbha got the silver medal. First time in
India, Handball Team participated in Asian Games held in
India in 1982.
Functional Rules
Playing Area
The handball court measures 40 meters in length and 20
meters in width which is divided by the centre line. The goal
area line, or 6-meter line, is the most important line. No one
except the goalkeeper is allowed to stand in the goal area.
Opponent players may not jump or enter into the goal area
without releasing the ball for goal.
Chap-5.indd 161 31-07-2020 15:27:38
Handball Tournaments and Championships

World Championship, Olympic Games, Summer Olympics,
Asian Olympics, Commonwealth Games are the tournaments
organised by international sports organisations. Whereas,
Handball Federation of India organises Federation Cup,
National games and Indian Handball Super League, etc.
20 yds 20 yds
3 yd
s
2 yds
ds
20 y
6 yds
9 yds
Substitution
Fig. 5.29: Playing area and players, position in handball
Fig. 5.30: Specifications and rules regarding handball
Chap-5.indd 162 31-07-2020 15:27:39
Team Games 163
Number of Players
A team consists of 16 players and substitutes in each team.
There are seven playing members on each team (six court
players and one goalkeeper). Substitute team member may
enter the game at any time repeatedly through the team’s own
substitution area as long as the player they are replacing has
left the court. Player positions and nomenclature are given
in the diagram.
Fig. 5.31: Players’ attacking and defensive positions in handball court
Uniform of the Players

Player chest numbers range from 1 to 99. Uniform shirts and
shorts are of the same colour. The goalkeeper must wear a
different coloured shirt from the teammates and opponents.
No jewellery is allowed.
Referees
There are two referees, a court referee and a goal line referee.
Referees have complete authority and their decisions are
final. The referees are assisted by a timekeeper and a scorer.
Duration of the Game

The duration of the match for different age groups is allotted
as mentioned in the following table:
Chap-5.indd 163 31-07-2020 15:27:40
Table 4: Duration of the game

Age Group Playing time with 10 minutes of interval
8–12 years Two halves of 20 minutes
12–16 years Two halves of 25 minutes
16 and above Two halves of 30 minutes
This is running time except for injury or one team time-

out. The teams have to change bench/side after half-time.
Overtime consists of two halves of 5 minute/period with 1
minute half-time break. If the game is still tied, the winner will
be determined in accordance with the rules of the particular
competition.
Team Time-out
One minute time-out can be taken by each team in every
half.
Throw-off
A throw-off is given to the team that wins the toss. Both the
teams must be in their own side of the court with the defense
3 meters away from the ball. On a whistle, the ball is passed
from centre court to a teammate and the play begins. Throw-
off is repeated after every goal scored and after half-time.
Throw-in
When the ball goes out of bounds on the sideline or when the
ball is last touched by a defensive player (not goalkeeper), a
throw-in is awarded and goes out of bounds over the endline.
The throw-in is taken from the nearest spot where the ball
crossed out. The thrower must put either foot on the sideline
to perform the throw-in. All opponents must stand 3 meters
away from the ball.
Scoring
A goal is scored when the entire ball crosses the goal line
inside the goal. A goal may be scored from any type of throw,
i.e., free-throw, throw-in, throw-off, and goal-throw.
Playing the Ball

A player is permitted to throw, push, stop, catch, or hit the
ball, by using hands (open or closed), head, arms, torso,
thighs, and knees.
(a) A player is allowed:
(i) to run with the ball for 3 steps.
(ii) to hold the ball for 3 seconds.
Chap-5.indd 164 31-07-2020 15:27:40
Team Games 165
(iii) unlimited dribble with 3 steps allowed before and

after dribbling (no double-dribble).
(iv) to take a maximum of 3 steps with the ball.
Defending the Opponent

A player may use the torso of the body to defend an opponent
with or without the ball. However, using the outstretched arms
or legs to obstruct, push, hold, trip or hit is not allowed. The
attacking player is not allowed to charge into a defensive player.
Passive Play
A ball possession team cannot delay the game without
making a recognisable attempt to attack and to shoot or goal.
Referee Throw: A referee throw is awarded simultaneous
infringement of the rules after simultaneous possession of
the ball. The referee throws the ball vertically between two
opposing players at centre court. The jumping players may
tap the ball to a teammate or grab the ball. During this, other
players must be 3 meters away from the ball.
Free-throw
Free-throw is awarded to the opponent against a minor
foul or violation at the exact spot of the foul. If the foul or
violation occurs between the goal area line and the 9 meter
line, the throw is taken from the nearest post outside the 9
meter line. The thrower must keep one foot in contact with
the floor.
A Player is NOT allowed to
•• endanger an opponent with the ball.
•• pull, hit or punch the ball out of the hands of an
opponent.
•• contact the ball below the knee.
•• dive on the floor for a rolling or stationary ball.
7 Meter Throw
The 7 meter throw is awarded when:
•• Illegally demolish a clear chance to goal
•• The goalkeeper carries the ball back into his/her team’s
own goal area
•• A court player intentionally plays the ball to his or her
own goalkeeper in the goal area and the goalkeeper
touches the ball
•• A defensive player enters his or her goal area to gain
an advantage over an attacking player in possession of
the ball.
Chap-5.indd 165 31-07-2020 15:27:40
•• All players must be outside the free-throw line when

Activity 5.10
•• Differentiate the yellow and the throw is taken. The player taking the throw has 3
red card penalties. seconds to shoot after referee’s whistle.
•• Any player may take the 7 meter throw.
•• What is the name of broken
line as displayed in the
figure? Goal-throw
When the ball rebounds off the goalkeeper over the end
line, a goal-throw is given. The player of the attacking team
throws over the ball from the end line. The goalkeeper takes
the throw inside the goal area and is not limited by the
3-step/3-second rule.
Progressive Punishments: These pertain to the fouls that
require more punishment than just a free-throw. ‘Actions’
directed mainly at the opponent and not the ball (such as
reaching around, holding, pushing, hitting, tripping and
jumping into an opponent) are to be punished progressively.
Warnings (Yellow Card)

The referee gives only one warning to a player for rule
violations and a total of three warnings to a team. Exceeding
these limits results in 2 minute suspension thereafter.
Warning is not required prior to giving 2 minute suspension.
2 minute suspension is awarded to a player for serious or
repeated rule violations, like non-sportsmanship conduct,
illegal substitution, etc.
Disqualification and Exclusion (Red Card)

A disqualification is equivalent to three 2 minute suspensions.
A disqualified player must leave the competition arena. The
team has to continue play for rest of the time with one player
short due to player’s disqualification.
Measurement of Playground and Specifications of

Equipment
Playing Court
The playing court in Handball is a 40 meter long and 20
meter wide rectangle, consisting of two goalposts. The longer
boundary lines are called side lines, and the shorter ones
are called goal lines (between the goalposts) or outer goal
lines (on either side of the goal). There should be a safety
zone surrounding the playing court, with a width of at least 1
meter along the side lines and 2 meters behind the goal lines.
• All lines on the court are fully part of the playing area
that they enclose. The goal lines shall be 8 cm wide
at the goalposts (see diagram), whereas all the other
Chap-5.indd 166 31-07-2020 15:27:40
Team Games 167
lines shall be 5 cm wide. Lines between two adjacent

areas may be replaced with a difference in colours
between the adjacent areas of the floor.
• In front of each goal, there is a goal area. The goal
area is defined by the goal area line (6 meter line),
which is drawn with the following dimensions.
(a) A 3 meter long line directly in front of the goal;
this line is parallel to the goal line and 6 metres
away from it (measured from the rear edge of the
goal line to the front edge of the goal area line).
(b) Two quarter circles, each with a radius of 6 metres
(measured from the rear inner corner of the
goalposts), connecting the 3 meter long line with
the outer goal line.
The free throw line (9 metre line) is a broken line, drawn 3
metres outside the goal area line. Both the segments of the line
and the spaces between them measure 15cm (see diagram).
The 7 meter line is a 1 meter long line, directly in front of
the goal. It is parallel to the goal line and 7 meters away from
it (measured from the rear edge of the goal line to the front
edge of the 7 meter line) see diagram.
The goalkeeper’s restraining line (the 4 meter line) is a 15cm
long line, directly in front of the goal. It is parallel to the goal line
and 4 metres away from it (measured from the rear edge of the
goal line to the front edge of the 4 meter line). The center line
connects the midpoints of the two side lines.
The substitution line (a segment of the side line) for each
team extends from the center line to a point at a distance
of 4.5 meters from the center line. This end point of the
substitution line is enhanced by a line which is parallel to
the center line, extending 15cm inside the side line and 15cm
outside the side line (see diagrams).
Specifications of equipment
A goal (see diagrams) is placed in the center of each outer
goal line. The goals must be firmly attached to the floor or the
walls behind them. They have an interior height of 2 metres
and a width of 3 metres.
The goalposts are joined by a horizontal crossbar. The rear
side of the goalposts shall be in line with the rear edge of the
goal line. The goalposts and the crossbar must have an 8cm
square cross section. On the three sides which are visible from
the court, they must be painted in bands of two contrasting
colors, which also contrast clearly with the background. The
goals must have a net, that should be attached in such a way
that a ball thrown into the goal normally remains in the goal.
Chap-5.indd 167 31-07-2020 15:27:40
Fig. 5.32: Specifications of goalpost in handball (all dimensions indicated in cm)
The Ball
Activity 5.11
What is substitution area and Handball is played with a 32 panel leather ball. The ball sizes,
why is it used? to be used by different categories of teams are as follows:
Table 5: Ball Sizes According to Age Group
Ball Size Age Group
58–60cm and 425–475g Men and Male youth of over
(IHF Size 3) age 16
54–56cm and 325–375g Women, Female youth (over
(IHF Size 2) age 14), and Male Youth (12–
16 years)
50–52cm and 290–330g Female youth (8–14 years) and
(IHF Size 1) Male youth of age (8–12 years)
Table 6: Measurement Specifications
Terms Units
Size of Playfield 40m × 20m
Shooting Circle 6m Goal Area Line and 9m free throw
line/outer circle
Chap-5.indd 168 31-07-2020 15:27:41
Team Games 169
Penalty Point 7m Activity 5.12

•• What is the air pressure of a
Goalpost 2m × 3m
handball?
Ball Weight: 425–475g (M), 325g–400g (W) •• What is the size and weight
Circumference: 58–60cm (M), 54cm– of a handball?
56cm (W) •• Who invented Handball?
•• Which two countries played
the first handball match in
No. of players 12 (7 court players and 5 substitutes) Olympic Games?
Duration of game 2 Halves of 30 minutes (10 min break
in each half)
Time Out in game 1 time out/half/team
Extra Time 2 halves of 5 minute each
Hockey
History
Historical records indicate that the crude form of hockey
was played in Egypt around 4,000 years ago. Evidence also
shows that a form of this game was played by Romans and
Greeks. The modern game of hockey evolved in England in
the mid-eighteenth century, primarily around the schools.
The first Olympic Hockey Competition for men was
held in London in 1908. Ireland and Scotland competed
separately. After having made its first appearance in 1908
games, hockey was subsequently dropped from the 1912
Stockholm Olympic Games. It reappeared in 1920 at Antwerp
(Belgium) before being omitted again in Paris in 1924. The
Paris organisers refused to include hockey in the Olympics,
stating that the sport had no International Federation.
Hockey had made its first step towards an International
Federation in 1909 when the Hockey Association in England
and the Belgium Hockey Association agreed to recognise each
other to regulate international hockey relations. The French
Association followed soon after, but this was not considered
sufficient to recognise this game at the international level.
Federation International de Hockey (FIH)

The International Hockey Federation, the world governing
body was founded in Paris in 1924, initiated by Paul Leautey,
a Frenchman. Paul Leautey became the first President of the
FIH.
In many ways, the FIH serves as the ‘guardian’ of the
sport. It works in co-operation with both the national and
Chap-5.indd 169 31-07-2020 15:27:41
continental organisations to ensure consistency and unity in

hockey around the world.
The Federation International Hockey (FIH) not only
regulates the sport, but is also responsible for its development
and promotion so as to guarantee a secure future for hockey.
FIH comprises a network of five continental federations
(CHFS), 12 National associations (NHAS), an executive board
and 7 expert advisory committees, with a Head Office in
Brussels. The FIH retains overall responsibility for hockey
worldwide, including the rules of hockey, umpiring and
coaching.
Measurement of Playground and Specifications of

Equipment
Field and field equipment

The field of play is rectangular, 91.40 metres long, bounded
by sidelines and 55 metres wide, bounded by backlines.
1. Markings
(a) The lines are 75 mm wide and must be clearly

marked along their entire length.
(b) All the marks must be made in white.
2. Lines and other marks
(a) Side-lines: 91.40 metres long perimeter lines

(b) Back-lines: 55.00 metres long perimeter lines
(c) Goal-lines: the parts of the back-lines between the
goal-posts
(d) Centre-line: across the middle of the field
(e) 22.90 metre lines across the field 22.90 metres
from each backline as measured between the
furthest edges of each line.
(f) 300 mm long lines marked outside the field on
each sideline with the further edge of the lines
14.63 metres from and parallel to the outer edge
of the backlines.
(g) 300 mm long lines marked outside the field on each
backline on both sides of the goal at 5 metres.
(h) 10 metres from the outer edge of the nearer goalpost,
as measured between the furthest edges of each line.
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Team Games 171
Fig. 5.33: Hockey playground
3. Goals
(a) Two vertical goalposts joined by a horizontal cross-
bar are placed at the centre of each backline on
the external marks.
(b) The goalposts and crossbar are white, rectangular
in cross section, 50 mm wide and between 50 mm
to 75 mm deep.
(c) The goal posts must not extend vertically beyond
the crossbar and the crossbar must not extend
horizontally beyond the goalposts.
(d) The distance between the inner edges of the goalposts
is 3.66 metres and the distance from the lower edge
of the crossbar to the ground is 2.14 metres.
(e) The space outside the field, behind the goalposts
should be enclosed by the net, side-boards and
backboard is a minimum of 0.90 metres deep at
the crossbar and a minimum of 1.20 metres deep
at ground-level.
4. Sideboards and backboards
(a) Sideboards are 460 mm high and a minimum of
1.20 metres long.
(b) Backboards are 460 mm high and 3.66 metres long.
(c) Sideboards are positioned on the ground at
right angles to the back line and are fixed to the
back of the goalposts without increasing their
width.
Chap-5.indd 171 31-07-2020 15:27:42
(d)
Backboards are positioned on the ground at right
angles to the side boards and parallel to the
backline, and are fixed to the end of the sideboards.
(e)
Sideboards and backboards are of dark colour on
the inside.
Fig. 5.34: Specifications of net
5. Nets
(a) The maximum mesh size is 45 mm.
(b) Attachment to the back of the goalposts
and crossbar is at intervals of not more than
150 mm.
(c) The nets are hanged outside the sideboards and
backboard.
(d) The nets are secured so as to prevent the ball from
passing between the net and the goalposts, cross
bar, sideboards and back-boards.
(e) The nets are fitted loosely to prevent the ball from
rebounding.
6. Flagposts
(a) Flagposts are between 1.20 and 1.50 metres in
height.
(b) Flagposts are placed at each corner of the field.
(c) Flagposts must not be dangerous.
(d) If unbreakable, flagposts must be attached to a
spring base.
(e) Flagposts carry flags, not exceeding 300 mm in
width or length.
7. Stick
(a) The head must be a ‘J’ or ‘U’ shape.
(b) The head must be flat on the left hand side only.
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Team Games 173
(c) Any curvature along the length of the stick (the

bow or rake) must have a continuous smooth
profile along the whole length, and must occur
along the playing side or the back of the stick but
not both and is limited to a depth of 25 mm.
8. Ball
(a) is spherical.
(b) has a circumference between 224 mm and 235
mm.
(c) weighs between 156 grams and 163 grams.
(d) is made of any material and coloured white (or
an agreed colour which contrasts with the playing
surface).
(e) is hard with a smooth surface but indentations
are permitted.
Fig. 5.35: Goalkeepers equipment

Goalkeeper’s equipment
1. Hand protectors
(a) each has a maximum width of 228 mm and length
of 355 mm when laid flat, with palm upwards
(b) must not have any addition to retain the stick
when the stick is not held in the hand.
2. Leg guards
(a) each has a maximum width of 300 mm when worn
on the leg of the goalkeeper.
(b) The dimensions of the goalkeeper’s hand protectors
and leg guards are measured using gauges with
the relevant internal dimensions.
Chap-5.indd 173 31-07-2020 15:27:43
Do You Know? Functional rules of Hockey

In Hockey, rolling substitution The rules of the hockey game are developed and modified
is allowed and any number time to time only by International Hockey Federation to add
of times a player can be glamour and excitement in the match. These rules can be
substituted. understood as given below.
Teams
Each team consists of 16 players, out of which 11 players
play on the field at a time, which includes ten regular players
and one goal keeper. Five substitution players remain on the
sideline. In rare circumstances, a team will choose to pull its
goal keeper off the field in exchange for an extra field player.
The players on the sideline can be used as substitutes for
any of the players on the field at any given time.
Coin Toss
Before the start of the match, the umpire tosses a coin. The
home team gets to choose whether it wants heads or tails. The
team that wins the toss gets its choice of either possession of
the ball at the start or the side of the field to defend.
Positions
Positions in field hockey are not absolute. Generally, teams
arrange players for defence, midfield, and attack. Many teams
include a single player as the last defender called sweeper.
Sweeper acts as a last line of defense in front of the goal
keeper. The minimum number of players needed for a game
is nine, including the goal keeper.
Goal Keeper
Goal keeper is the last defender of a team and shall have
distinguished jersey colour than that of teammates. A full
protected goal keeper cannot leave the side’s defensive
25 yards (23m) line during play, unless the goal keeper is
defending a penalty stroke.
The player who is substituted as a goalkeeper must wear
a helmet, a thigh pad and sometimes a shoe protector. If the
team wants an additional player in the place of a goal keeper,
then the goalkeeper designated player must wear different
coloured jersey and cannot use their feet or hands outside
the 23 meter mark.
Handling Hockey Stick

The head part of a hockey stick is hooked. The right-hand
side of the stick is rounded, while the left-hand side is flat.
The ball can be played only with the flat, left-handed side
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Team Games 175
of the stick, or with its edge. The ball cannot be played with
Activity 5.13
the rounded side of stick. This is natural for right-handed Collect information about
players and unnatural for left-handed players. Left-handed the world governing body for
sticks are not allowed to be used in games. hockey.
Hitting the Ball

To make a legal hit to the right without using the rounding
side of the stick, a player must turn the stick over the ball
and use the flat side. Taking a hit by reversing the stick head,
turning the handle approximately 180 degrees over the ball
and striking the ball with a left-to-right swing with the flat
side of the stick is called reverse hit.
Dribbling
Keeping the ball under close control is called dribbling.
Dribbling is used while running with possession of the ball.
It helps a player to move away from the opposing players for
a chance to pass or to hit on goal. Other essential skills for
playing field hockey are the ability to control, pass, push,
stop, and shoot the ball with the stick.
Foot Foul
Field Hockey players are not allowed to use their feet, or any
other body part, to control the ball. If the ball hits a player’s
foot, the umpire will either award the other team a free hit or
let the game continue if the other team gains an advantage.
Only the goalkeeper is allowed to use hands, feet, and body
to stop or strike the ball.
Air Ball
The ball is allowed to be lifted in the air as long as the referee
does not consider the play to be ‘dangerous.’ The umpire will
make a call if the ball could potentially hit or injure another
player. The general rule is that the ball should not be lifted
above the knee within five meters of another player. An
exception to this rule is when the ball is raised by using a
scooping or long-pushing action of the stick, or when there
are no players in the same proximity as the ball. The ball
cannot be hit into the air unless it is a direct shot on goal.
Scoring
There are three different ways to score a goal in field hockey.
1. Field goal: A goal can only be scored if the shot is taken
within the ‘shooting circle’, a semi-circular area in front of the
opponent’s goal. The shooting circle is also known as the ‘D’
for the defensive team. The ball must be touched by a player
of either team inside the circle for it to count as a goal.
Chap-5.indd 175 31-07-2020 15:27:43
2. Penalty Corner: A penalty corner is awarded when

the defensive team breaks certain rules inside the ‘D’, or
when a defender commits an intentional offense outside
the circle but within the 25 yards (23 metres) area. Teams
generally have a set play for short corner. A short corner is
the best opportunity to score a goal in field hockey, because
the offensive team attacks with more number of players than
the defensive team.
The following procedure should be applied to execute a
penalty corner during the match.
•• Play is stopped for a penalty corner to allow time for
both teams to set up its respective attack and defense
positions.
•• Defensive team is allowed to put five defenders including
the goal keeper on the end line.
•• The rest of the defensive team must stay behind the center
line until the ball is pushed out by the offensive player.
•• One of the attackers will stand on the end line 11 yards
(10 meters) away from the goal called ‘pusher’, and who
pushes the ball out to the attackers on top of the shoot-
ing circle.
•• The ball is stopped by one of the waiting attacking
team players called ‘stopper’, standing on the 16 yards
circle. The stopper will stop the ball for the team mate
to either hit or to drag the ball into goal.
•• In order to count a goal during a penalty corner, the ball
must travel outside the shooting circle before hitting the
ball into the goal. The receiver will then push the ball back
into the circle for a shot to be taken. The shot has to be
taken from inside the marked circle for the goal to count.
•• Fouls during penalty corner
•• If the first shot into the goal during penalty corner is
a hard hit and the ball is lifted in the air above the
backboard, the goal will not be counted.
•• To avoid the foul during penalty corner, the attacker
must take push or scoop or flick shots in the goal.
Even if the ball is lifted in the air due to push or scoop
or flick shots, a goal is scored. On the international
level, the ‘drag flick’ is the most popular type of lifted
shot during the penalty corner.
3. Penalty Stroke: A penalty stroke is a single shot
taken on goal by an offensive player chosen by the team.
The goalkeeper is the only opposing player that can defend
this shot. A stroke may be awarded for a number of reasons.
The most common reason for a stroke to be taken is when
a defender commits a foul that directly prevents a goal from
being scored.
Chap-5.indd 176 31-07-2020 15:27:43
Team Games 177
The shot is taken from a spot referred to as the penalty

Activity 5.14
stroke mark. It is located 7 yards (6.4 meters) directly in Collect the names of players
front and center of the goal. Game play is stopped during the who have received Arjuna
penalty stroke and all players must stand away and outside Award in the last two years.
of 25 yards (23 metres) line. The player taking penalty stroke
must push, flick or scoop the ball towards the goal and is
Do You Know?
permitted to raise the ball to any height.
The National Championship
Fouls during penalty Stroke: When the stick makes in Hockey is known as
contact with the ball, it should make no distinct hitting Rangaswamy Cup.
noise; otherwise the umpire can disallow the penalty stroke.
Free Hits
Free hits are awarded throughout the main part of the field
for general offences by either team. The most common fouls
that lead to free hits are:
•• Obstructing an opponent from playing the ball.
•• Interfering with the stick or body when tackling.
•• Kicking the ball with leg.
•• Playing the ball dangerously (including lifting the ball).
Procedure to take a free hit
•• In a free hit, the ball possession is given to the opponent
team where the offence took place.
•• The ball is placed on the ground and a player will
restart the action by passing it to a teammate, hitting
the ball forward or backward, or through a self-pass
(either by dribbling the ball or hitting it into space). All
the opposing players must stand at least 5 yards from
this player until the ball is put into play.
•• If the ball is within the 25 yards area of a goal, the
ball cannot be directly hit into the circle. The ball must
travel 5 yards by dribbling or passing before it can be
hit into the circle and shot at the goal.
Obstruction
In most general terms, obstruction is called when the ball
is shielded from an opposing player who is trying to get the
ball. Players often use their own bodies or sticks to block the
ball, but third party obstruction can also be called. Third
party obstruction is called when an attacking player runs
to block an opponent’s path (who is trying to get the ball)
between a teammate who has possession of the ball.
Match Time
An international match time is 60 minutes with four
15-minutequarter (first quarter 15m and 2m for rest, second
quarter 15m and 10m for rest third quarter 15m and 2m for
rest and fourth quarter 15m) for rest. The additional time out for
Chap-5.indd 177 31-07-2020 15:27:44
penalty corners and after goals ensure that the new 60 minutes
Do You Know?
The Indian Men’s Hockey team format is primarily the actual playing time and eliminates the
remained unbeaten in the dead time associated with penalty corner set up while allowing
Olympics, winning six gold the teams to enjoy their goal celebration.
medals in a row. The Indian
team has won a total of eight Penalty Shootout
gold medals till date. The team that scores the most goals within the match time is
the winner. According to the International Hockey Federation,
if no goals are scored during regulation time, the game will
end in a tie or draw. In the Knock Out Tournament, the
winner is decided on the basis of penalty shootout.
The New Match Time Format
•• Match duration: 60 minutes equally divided in
four quarters
•• 40 seconds time out: After penalty corner awarded
and after a goal scored
•• Two minutes break after the first and the third
quarters and 10 minutes break for half time.
The penalty shootout will be taken under the following
conditions—
1. The defending goalkeeper will stand behind his own
goal line, between the goal post.
2. The ball is placed on the nearest 23 m line in a position
opposite the center of the goal.
3. The umpire blows his whistle to signal the start of the
shootout. The attacker and the goalkeeper may then
move in any direction.
4. An attacker will start from behind the 23 m line near
the ball.
5. The shootout is completed when any one of the
following occur—
(a) 8 seconds has elapsed
(b) The attacker scores a goal
(c) The attacker commits an offence
(d) The goalkeeper commits an offence a goal shall be
awarded
(e) The ball goes out-of-play over the back line, this
include the goalkeeper who may intentionally play
the ball over the back line to end the shootout.
Umpires
There are two umpires (or ‘referees’) in each game. Each
umpire controls half of the field, although general play in the
midfield can be called by either umpire.
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Team Games 179
An umpire can give a card to any player who has committed

Activity 5.15
a repeated offence. There are three types of cards: Collect information on the
Green card: Temporarily suspends the player for a years in which Indian Men’s
minimum of two minutes of playing time. Hockey team won Olympic
Yellow card: Temporarily suspends the player for a gold medals.
minimum of five minutes of playing time.
Red card: Permanently suspends the player from the
match.
If a player is suspended temporarily or permanently, then
the team plays with the remaining players.
Umpire Calls
The whistle is the umpire’s tool to enforce the rules of the
game. The umpire blows the whistle to:
•• start the first and second half of the game
•• start a bully
•• call a foul
•• start and end a penalty stroke
•• indicate a goal
•• restart a match after it has been stopped
•• stop a match to substitute players into the game
•• stop the match for an injury
The umpire uses the whistle to keep the game moving
smoothly. The umpire will also use hand signals to indicate
the specifics of the call.
Outstanding Hockey Players: Some of the outstanding
hockey players in India are Prithpal, Ajit Pal Singh, M.P.
Ganesh, Roopa Saini, Vasudeven Bhaskaran, Zafar Iqbal,
Pargat Singh, Jagbir Singh, Dhanraj Pillai, Rajendra Singh,
Dilip Trikey, Mamta Kharab, Deepak Thakur, Sandeep Singh,
Ritu Rani, Sardar Singh, etc.
Kabaddi
History
Kabaddi is an indigenous game of India which has originated
and developed since the epic age of Mahabharata. The word
‘Kabaddi’ has been derived from the term Kaunbada which
means ‘to challenge an opponent’. The game, known as
Hu-Tu-Tu in Western India, Ha-Do-Do in Eastern India and
Bangladesh, Chedugudu in Southern India and Kaunbada in
Northern India. Kabaddi attained national status in the year
1918. Maharashtra was the pioneer state to bring the game
to the national platform and popularity. Standard rules and
regulations were formulated in 1918 but were brought out
in print in the year 1923 and in this very year, an All India
Tournament was organised at Baroda with these rules.
Chap-5.indd 179 31-07-2020 15:27:44
13 m
End Line
Lobby Lobby 1m
1.75 m
1m 3.75 m
Bonus Line
Baulk Line
End Line
End Line
Mid Line
10 m
8m
Lobby Lobby 1m
End Line
Fig. 5.36: Specifications of net
Table 7: Measurement of Kabaddi Ground
Do You Know? Size of Kabaddi Court 13 × 10 m (for men)

Kabaddi received international 11 × 08 m (for boys and
exposure during the 1936 women)
Berlin Olympics, demonstrated Size of Lobby 1 m wide on both sides
by Hanuman Vyayam
Prasarak Mandal, Amaravati, Distance of Baulk Line 3.75 m
Maharashtra.
from Mid-Line
Distance of Bonus Line 4.75 m
from Mid-Line
Modern Kabaddi is a synthesis of the game which is

played in various forms under different names. The game
was introduced in the Indian Olympic Games at Calcutta in
1938. In 1950, the All India Kabaddi Federation came into
existence and compiled standard rules.
The Amateur Kabaddi Federation of India (AKFI) was
founded in 1973. After the formation of Amateur Kabaddi
Federation of India, the first men’s nationals were held in
Madras (renamed as Chennai), while the women’s nationals
were held in Calcutta (renamed as Kolkata) in 1955 (1955
does not come after 1973). The AKFI has given shape to
the new rules and has the right to modify them. The Asian
Kabaddi Federation was founded under the chairmanship of
Janardan Singh Gehlot.
Chap-5.indd 180 31-07-2020 15:27:44
Team Games 181
Rules of Kabaddi Do You Know?

Kabaddi is now played indoor
Team on mats after wearing mat
Each team shall consist of minimum 10 and maximum 12 shoes.
Players. Seven players shall play at a time and the remaining
players are substitutes.
Duration of the match

The duration of the match shall be of two halves, i.e., 20
minutes of each half. In case of men and junior boys there
is an internal of 5 minutes. In the case of women, junior
girls, sub-junior boys and girls, there are two halves of 15
minutes with 5 minutes interval. The side that wins the toss
shall have the choice of the court or the raid. The teams shall
change the court after first interval. The number of players
for each team at the start of second half shall remain the
same as it was at the end of first half. The last raid of each
half of the match shall be allowed to be completed even after
completion of the scheduled time as mentioned above.
Rules for Raider

•• Raider shall continue to chant “Kabaddi”. Raider must
start the chant before the player touches the opponent’s
court.
•• If a raider goes out of turn, the Umpire or Referee shall
order the raider to go back and a technical point will be
given to the opponent team.
•• Not more than one raider shall enter the opponent’s
court at a time; otherwise a technical point will be
awarded to the opponent and a chance to raid.
•• When a raider is out the raid is over, the opponent
should send their raider within 5 seconds. Otherwise
their team loses its turn of raiding.
•• If a raider, who is caught by the catcher, escapes from
their attempt to hold and reaches his court safely, he
shall not be pursued further.
•• When a raid is held, the cather shall not try deliberately
stifle the raiders chant by shutting his mouth, using
violent tackling leading to injuries, any type of scissoring
or any unfair means. If such incident happens, the
Umpire or Referee shall declare the raider ‘Not Out’.
Rules and regulations

•• No catcher shall willfully push the raider out of the
boundary by any part of his body, nor shall any raider
willfully push or pull catcher’s body out of the boundary.
If the raider is pushed outside the boundary or the
Chap-5.indd 181 31-07-2020 15:27:44
catcher is pushed or pulled outside the boundary, the

Do You Know?
After all the members of a team Umpire or Referee shall declare the raider or the catcher,
are declared out, the opponent as the case may be, as ‘Not Out’, and the catcher or the
team will be awarded two extra raider who pushes or pulls the opponents outside the
points known as ‘Lona’. boundary shall be declared out.
•• During the course of raid, none of the catcher shall
touch the raider’s court until completion of the raid.
In case any catcher touches the raider’s court before
completion of the raid, they will be declared out and the
opponent team will be given that many points.
•• When a team manages to put out the entire opponent
team and none of the opponents are entitled to be revived,
then that team scores a lona and two extra points for
lona shall be awarded in addition to the points scored
by the team putting out all the players of the opponent.
The play continues and all the players who are out shall
enter in their court within 10 seconds. Otherwise the
referee or umpire shall award one technical point to the
opponent. If the team fails to enter within one minute,
the team shall be scratched from the match and the
match shall be awarded to the opponent.
•• If a raider is warned or in any way instructed by one
player of his own side, the Umpire or Referee shall
award one technical point to the opponent.
•• A raider or catcher is not to be held by any part of his
cloth deliberately other than his limb or trunk. The one
who violates the rule shall be declared out. If the raider
is held deliberately other than his limb or trunk, the
Umpire or Referee shall declare such raider as not out.
Note: If a raider is intentionally caught by clothes or hair, the
raider shall be declared ‘not out’ and the catcher who has violated
the rule shall be declared out.
•• When one or two players of a team are left during the
game and the Captain of the team declares them out in
order to bring in the full team, the opponent shall score
as many points as the players that existed in the court
at the time of declaration as well as two extra points for
‘lona’.
•• A player or players who are out shall be revived in
the same order as they were out when one or more
opponents are out.
System of Scoring
Each team shall score one point for every opponent out or put
out. The side, which scores a ‘lona’, shall score two extra points.
Chap-5.indd 182 31-07-2020 15:27:44
Team Games 183
Time Out
Activity 5.16
Each team shall be allowed to take two ‘Time Outs’ of 30 Ask your teacher to conduct
seconds each in each half; such ‘time out’ shall be called for inter house Kabaddi Matches in
by the Captain, Coach or any playing member of the team your school.
with the permission of referee. The ‘time out’ time shall be
added to the match time.
Substitution
Five reserve players can be substituted with the permission
of the Referee during ‘time out’ or interval.
Bonus Point
For crossing the bonus line, when catcher team have
minimum six players, bonus point is awarded to the raider.
Result
The team, which scores the highest number of points at the
end of the match, shall be declared the winner.
Tie in Knockout
If there is a tie in the Knockout match, the match will be
played of 5-5 raids where both the teams should field 7
players in the Court and baulk line is treated as bonus line
but point remains the same. Listed players will perform the
raid alternatively; no one will be out, only score points will be
given to their respective team. At last the team which scored
more points is declared the winner.
Golden Raid
•• Even after 5–5 raids, if there is a tie, a fresh toss will be
taken and the team that wins the toss shall have the
chance to raid, i.e., ‘Golden Raid’.
•• If there is a tie even after the Golden Raid, then a chance
will be given to the opponent team for the Golden Raid.
•• In the Golden Raid, the team which scores the leading
point shall be declared as winner.
Green Card is flashed for warning, Yellow Card for
temporary suspension for 2 minutes, and Red Card for
suspension from the match or to debar from the tournament.
Fundamental skills in Kabaddi

The main objective of the defence players or catcher is to
catch the raider and prevent him from escaping to his home
court. To achieve this objective, the catcher can use any of
the six fundamental defence skills, i.e., ankle hold, thigh
hold, knee hold, waist hold, wrist hold and arm hold.
Chap-5.indd 183 31-07-2020 15:27:44
Ankle hold
Activity 5.17
•• Is there a weight Ankle hold is one of the commonly used defensive skills. In
categorisation for Kabaddi? this technique, the defending player (catcher) holds the ankle
•• Find out the age and weight of the raider with both hands.
categories of Kabaddi in
SGFI.
Fig. 5.37: Ankle hold
Thigh hold
It is also a defensive technique in which the defender throws
his body on the raider to hold both thighs with the arms
around the thighs of raider.
Fig. 5.38: Thigh hold
Chap-5.indd 184 31-07-2020 15:27:45
Team Games 185
Knee hold
This is not a common skill in kabaddi but when used by the
defender, it works like a jaw to catch the raider.
Fig. 5.39: Knee hold
Waist hold
Waist hold is used during the struggle when the raider moves
back to one’s own court after the raid.
Fig. 5.40: Waist hold
Wrist hold
Wrist holding technique is best used during one to one
situation and not advised during the usual course of game.
Chap-5.indd 185 31-07-2020 15:27:46
Fig. 5.41: Wrist hold
Arm hold
During struggle, arms of the raider are held to stabilise the
raider but this is not a very common practice as the arm hold
is natural action occurs during competition.
Fig. 5.42: Arm hold
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Team Games 187
Offensive skills
Toe touch
Toe touch is executed by the raider to touch the opponent by
toe during raid for scoring a point.
Fig. 5.43: Toe touch
Side kick
The raider tries to touch the opponent by side kicking,
keeping in mind that the opponent should not hold the leg.
Front kick
In front kick, the raider tries to kick from front, in a deceiving
action, keeping in mind that the opponent should not grab
the leg.
Fig. 5.44: Front kick
Mule or Back kick

It is a deceiving kick, performed by standing in front of the
opponent and facing in the same direction.
Chap-5.indd 187 31-07-2020 15:27:48
Activity 5.18
•• How many gold medals
did India win in Asian
games, Jakarta-Palembang
(Indonesia) 2018?
•• Collect the information of
teams and their occupied
owners in Professional
Kabaddi League in India.
Do You Know?
•• India is the first country
to introduce Professional
Kabaddi League. Fig. 5.45: Mule or back kick
•• Asian Kabaddi circuit
is dominated by Indian Awards in Kabaddi
coaches and players to To motivate the extraordinary achievements of the players
develop the game of Kabaddi and Coaches, the Government of India honours players with
in Asia.
In the year 2018, G. Pranav Sai Reddy of received Arjuna
Award. E. Prasad Rao has been awarded with Dronacharya
Award for an excellent contribution as a Coach.
Kho-Kho
The game Kho-Kho is based upon the natural principles of
physical development and develops all of the motor qualities
of an individual. It involves and cultivates a healthy combative
spirit among the youth. It is not merely a game of running
with speed but also to chase at natural instinct to overtake.
Fig. 5.46: Players in kho-kho playground
Chap-5.indd 188 31-07-2020 15:27:49
Team Games 189
History of Kho-Kho Do You Know?

The origin of Kho-Kho is not easy to mark out, but many Practice of Kho-Kho helps to
historians believe that it is a modified form of ‘Run and develop coordinative abilities
Chase’, which in its simplest form involves chasing and more than other games.
touching a person. The popularity and development of this
game has been associated with the development of ‘Akharas’
and ‘Vyayamshalas’ in Maharashtra. Probably, the game
Kho-Kho has originated from Pune, Maharashtra and slowly
spread within the country and also gained popularity in the
neighbouring countries, i.e., Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka
and Pakistan. The rules of this game were framed in 1914
by a committee of veteran players. Initially two players were
made to stand at the two ends instead of the posts. The
game is controlled and governed by the rules formed by Kho-
Kho Federation of India which was established in 1956. It
is believed that the first championship of Kho-Kho was held
in 1959 at Vijaywada. ‘Hanuman Vyayam Prasarak Mandal’
Amravati, has given the modern form to this game. Kho-Kho
game was first introduced in the National Games in 1985,
held in Delhi. First Asian Kho-Kho championship was held in
1996 in Calcutta, where Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and
India participated. It was also introduced as a demonstration
game in the Berlin Olympics in 1936.
Measurements of Kho-Kho Playground

Kho-Kho ground is rectangular in shape and can be
constructed either outdoor or indoor. In outdoor spaces, it
should be made on a levelled clay surface and synthetic or
wooden surface should be used when playing indoors.
Table 8: Basics of Kho-Kho
Terms Units
Shape of the playfield Rectangular
Total area including lobbies 32m × 21m
27m × 16m (Men/Women and Junior Boys/

Dimensions of the playfield Girls)
23m × 14m (Sub Junior Boys/Girls)
1.5m × 16m (Men/Women and Junior

Free Zone Boys/Girls)
1.5m × 14m (Sub Junior Boys/Girls)
24m (Men/Women and Junior Boys/Girls)

Centre Lane
20m (Sub Junior Boys/Girls)
Chap-5.indd 189 31-07-2020 15:27:49
Terms Units
35cm × 30cm (Men/Women and Junior
Cross Lane Boys/Girls)
30cm × 30cm (Sub Junior Boys/Girls)
2.55m (Men/Women and Junior Boys/
Distance: Pole to first Cross
Girls)
lane
2.15m (Sub Junior Boys/Girls)
2.30m (Men/Women and Junior Boys/
Distance between two
Girls)
chasters block
1.90m (Sub Junior Boys/Girls)
Number of innings in Kho- 02 for each team (total 4 turns of 9 minutes
Kho each)
Duration of the interval 6 minutes (after first inning for both teams)
Time interval between team
3 minutes (9 + 3 + 9 + 6 + 9 + 3 + 9) = 48
turns including interval
minutes
time
Dimensions of the pole
1.20m to 1.25m
(Height)
Diameter of the pole 9cm to 10cm
Number of players 9 playing members and 3 extra players
2 Umpires, 1 Referee, 1 Time Keeper, 1
Officials
Scorer
Fig. 5.47: Specifications of kho-kho playground (men/women)
Chap-5.indd 190 31-07-2020 15:27:50
Team Games 191
Equipment
For the construction and playing Kho-Kho, the following
equipment are required—
1. Posts (Two Wooden Poles)
2. Cord (for field marking only)
3. Steel measuring tape (for field marking)
4. Lime powder (for field marking)
5. Stopwatch
6. Score sheet
7. Large score board (score indicator)
8. Time indicating Plates (30 mm × 20 cm)
General rules and regulations

1. Each team consists of 12 players. Nine players play
the game.
2. On the basis of the toss, the captain chooses running
(defending) or chasing (attacking).
3. Nine players of the chasing team participate during
the attack, out of which eight players sit on the
boxes of the central lane. The players sit in the boxes
alternately in such a way so as to face in opposite
direction.
4. An active chaser gives a vocal signal ‘kho’ to the team’s
own sitting player with a simple tap by palm on his/
her back and sits in their box. It is a violation if the
sitting player moves before the kho is completed. This
violation of the sitting player is termed as ‘early kho’.
5. A chaser while chasing is not allowed to change
the direction, but they can change the direction in
rectangles known as free zones which are outside the
poles.
6. If a chaser touches the runner, the runner is given
out.
7. The match consists of two innings. Each team is given
nine minutes for chasing (attack) and nine minutes
for running (defend).
8. The running team is divided into three groups consisting
of three players in each group. First group enters with
the starting whistle and the second group enters
when the players of first group are out and the game
continues.
9. A runner is also declared out if any part of his body
touches outside the playing area or moves out of the
playing area while defending himself.
Chap-5.indd 191 31-07-2020 15:27:50
10. A substitution can be made:

a) for the runners team before giving the order of the
runners to officials.
b) chasers can be substituted during the game any
time.
11. After getting out, the runner should sit in the lobby
accorded to his group.
12. In a match, there are two umpires, one referee, one
time keeper and one scorer.
Specific exercises of warm-up and conditioning

1. Jogging, and running
2. Breath control exercises
3. Dodging and Zig-Zag running
4. Bending and stretching exercises
5. Frog jump
Fundamental skills of kho-kho

1. Types of giving Kho
a) Simple Kho
b) Beginners Kho
c) Late Kho
2. Method of chasing
a) Left hand chase
b) Right hand chase
3. Method of sitting
a) Bullet/Bunch method
b) Parallel method
4. Method of getting up
a) Monkey style
b) Standing up style
c) Combined style
5. Making the chain
a) Single chain
b) Double chain
c) Making a ring
6. Dodging
7. Diving
a) straight dive (front dive)
b) Sideward dive
Chap-5.indd 192 31-07-2020 15:27:50
Team Games 193
Do You Know?
Kho-Kho is now played indoor
on mats also.
Activity 5.19
Ask your teacher to organise
an inter-class/inter-group Kho-
Kho competition in the school.
Fig. 5.48: Straight dive in kho-kho
Fig. 5.49: Side dive in kho-kho
Important tournaments
International
1. Asian Championship—started in 1996 at Calcutta
2. Netaji Subhash International Tournament—first held
in 1998
National
1. Federation Cup
2. Nehru Gold Cup
3. National Kho-Kho Championship
4. Inter University Championship
Chap-5.indd 193 31-07-2020 15:27:51
Activity 5.20 Volleyball

Mark a Volleyball court on the
playfield in your school. History of Volleyball
Volleyball is played by two teams on a playing court divided by
a net. It is one of the most successful, popular, competitive and
recreational sports in the world. The game of volleyball originally
called Mintonette was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgon.
The Volleyball Federation of India (VFI) was formed in the year
1951. The Federation Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB) was
founded in 1947. Volleyball was introduced in the Asian Games
in 1958 for Men and in 1962 for Women. The FIVB Volleyball
Men’s World Championship started in 1949 and for women in
1952. Volleyball made its Olympic debut at the 1964 Tokyo
Games.
Court Dimensions
Fig. 5.50: Volleyball court layout
•• The playing court is rectangular in shape measuring

18 × 9 m. It is surrounded by a free zone of 5 m from
the side lines and 6.5 m from the endlines.
•• The height of the free playing space, above the playing
area, from the playing surface, shall be 12.5 m.
•• Attack line is 3 m from the axis of the centre line, which
marks the front zone.
•• The service zone is 9 m wide and is behind each end
line. It is laterally limited by two short lines, each 15 cm
long, drawn 20 cm behind the endline as an extension
of the side lines.
Chap-5.indd 194 31-07-2020 15:27:52
Team Games 195
•• All lines of the court are white and 5 cm wide.

Activity 5.21
•• Full Court diagonal = 20.125 m Draw a Volleyball court as
•• Half Court diagonal = 12.728 m per International Standards
of FIVB giving all its
Equipment specifications.
Fig. 5.51: Court and net specifications in volleyball
Ball
•• The ball shall be spherical, made of a flexible
leather or synthetic leather case with a bladder
inside, made of rubber.
•• The colour may be a uniform light colour or a
combination of colours.
•• The circumference is 65–67 cm and its weight
is 260–280 g.
•• Its inside pressure shall be 0.30 to 0.325 kg/cm2. Fig. 5.52: Volleyball
•• The height of net is 2.43 m for men and 2.24
m for women measured from the centre of the
playing court.
•• The net is 1 m wide and 9.50 to 10 m long, made of 10
cm square black mesh.
Preferably adjustable posts that are 2.55 m high are
placed 1m outside the side lines.
Chap-5.indd 195 31-07-2020 15:27:53
Antenna and Side Bands

•• An antenna is a flexible, 1.80 m long and 10 mm in di-
ameter, made of fibreglass or similar material.
•• The top 80 cm of each antenna extends above the net and
is marked with 10 cm stripes of red and white colour.
•• Two white bands 5 cm wide are fastened vertically to
the net and placed directly above each side line.
How to play volleyball

•• A team consists of 12 players of which one of the players
other than the Libero, is the team captain.
•• Before the match, the referee carries out a toss in the
presence of the two team captains to decide upon the first
service and the sides of the court in the first set. If a
deciding set is to be played, a new toss will be carried out.
•• Before the start of each set, the coach has to present
Fig. 5.53: Antenna and side the starting line-up of six players of the team on a
bands line-up sheet. The team’s starting line-up indicates the
rotational order of the players on the court. This order
must be maintained throughout the set.
Net
4 3 2
5 6 1
Court positions and rotation direction

Fig. 5.54: Player positions and rotation direction of players
•• At the moment the ball is hit by the server, each team

must be positioned within its own court, in the rotational
order (except the server). The three players along the
net are front-row players and occupy positions as—
4 (front-left), 3 (front-centre) and 2 (front-right); the
other three are back-row players occupying positions 5
(back-left), 6 (back-centre) and 1 (back-right).
•• Rotational order is determined by the team’s starting
line-up and controlled with the service order and players’
positions throughout the set. When the receiving team
gains the right to serve, its players rotate one position
clockwise—the player in position 2 rotates to position 1
to serve, the player in position 1 rotates to position 6,
etc.
Chap-5.indd 196 31-07-2020 15:27:53
Team Games 197
•• Each team is entitled to a maximum of three hits (in

addition to blocking), for returning the ball.
•• A player cannot hit the ball two times consecutively.
•• A team scores a point by successfully landing the ball
on the opponent’s court or when the opponent team
commits a fault or receives a penalty.
•• A rally is the sequence of playing actions from the
moment of the service hit by the server until the ball is
out of play.
•• If the serving team wins a rally, it scores a point and
continues to serve.
•• If the receiving team wins a rally, it scores a point and
it must serve next.
•• Each team may request a maximum of two time outs of
30 seconds each and six substitutions per set.
•• A player of the starting line-up may leave the game, but
only once in a set. The player may re-enter, but only
once in a set, and only to the previous position in the
line-up.
•• All intervals between the sets are of three minutes.
•• To win a set: A set (except the deciding 5th set) is won
by the team which first scores 25 points with a minimum
lead of two points.
•• In the case of a 24-24 tie, play is continued until a two-
point lead is achieved (26-24; 27-25; etc.).
•• To win the match: The match is won by the team that
wins three sets.
•• In the case of a 2-2 tie, the deciding 5th set is played to
15 points with a minimum lead of 2 points.
•• Each team has the right to designate from the list of
players up to two specialist defensive players—liberos.
•• The libero on court is the Acting Libero. If there is
another libero, than that person is the second Libero
for the team. Only one libero may be on court at any
time.
•• The libero player(s) must wear a uniform which has a
different dominant colour from the colour of the rest of
the team.
•• The libero is allowed to replace any player in a back row
position. The player is restricted to perform as a back row
player and is not allowed to complete an attack hit from
anywhere (including playing court and free zone), if at the
moment of the contact, the ball is entirely higher than the
top of the net.
•• They may not serve, block or attempt to block.
•• Libero replacements are not counted as substitutions.
•• They are unlimited but there must be a completed rally
between two libero replacements.
Chap-5.indd 197 31-07-2020 15:27:53
Fundamental Skills
Fig. 5.55: Under arm pass

Fig. 5.56: Over hand serves or tennis service
1. The Service
(a) Tennis Service
(b) Jump and Serve
(c) Floating service
2. The Pass
(a) Under arm pass
(b) Over head pass
(c) Forward dive and pass
(d) One arm pass with side rolling
Fig. 5.57: Overhead pass or
volley pass 3. The Set-up
(a) Overhead or Volley Pass
4. The Attack
(a) Smash or Spike
Fig. 5.58: The attack
5. The Block
(a) Single block
(b) Double block
Chap-5.indd 198 31-07-2020 15:27:55
Team Games 199
Activity 5.22
Practice Tennis Service in
Volleyball and the Physical
Education Teacher will rectifies
your mistakes.
Fig. 5.59: The block
6. Tennis Service
(a) The ball is tossed with fingers, left foot forward
with weight transferred simultaneously.
(b) The Arm is stretched in order to accelerate the
ball.
(c) The Wrist is kept rigid with flat hand keeping the
forearm and shoulder relaxed.
(d) Hip is rotated to move back, shoulder, elbow and
hand.
(e) Arm is quickly accelerated towards the ball, to hit
it with base of the palm.
(f) The hitting arm and the body moves forward
stepping with the rear foot.
Fig. 5.60: Jump serve
Chap-5.indd 199 31-07-2020 15:27:56
Fig. 5.61: Under arm pass
7. The pass
(a) Under arm pass: This skill is used when the ball
is below your forehead to receive a striking ball or
dropped ball, etc.
(b) Overhead pass: This skill is used when the ball
is high, above the player’s shoulders/head and
generally used to receive the service to set a ball
or receiving a loose crossed ball.
(c) The set-up: Set-up skill is generally a second
contact with the ball in order to set up a spike for
another player. This skill is used to spike a ball or
drop the ball into the opponent’s court.
Fig. 5.62: Overhead pass (Left), set-up (Right)
Chap-5.indd 200 31-07-2020 15:27:57
Team Games 201
The Serve: It is used to put the ball into play, to

(d)
Activity 5.23
start the volley and this skill is solely executed Play a Volleyball match between
by one player. It is further classified into mainly two teams of your class. Use
three parts. libero, substitutions and time
(i) Tennis Service outs as per rules.
(ii) Jump Service
(iii) Floating Service
Fig. 5.63: Floating service
The Attack: In this skill, a player attempts to hit

(e)
the ball from over the net towards the opponent
court with the aim to score a point. It is executed
from the front zone as well as the back zone.
The Block: In this skill, a player attempts to stop
(f)
the opposite team from hitting the ball into his
or her court. By using block technique, a player
stops the opposite team from scoring a point.
Awards in Volleyball
To motivate the extraordinary achievements of the players
and Coaches, the Government of India honours players with
Tom Joseph was the recipient of Arjuna Award in 2014.
G.E. Sridharan was honoured with Dronacharya Award
for his excellent contribution as a Coach in the year 2007.
Chap-5.indd 201 31-07-2020 15:27:58
Assessment
Basketball
I. Long Answer Questions
1. Explain the reason behind invention of Basketball by
Dr. Neismith.
2. What are the reasons of basketball’s development at such a
fast pace?
3. Discuss the functional rules of basketball.
4. Explain the four fouls in basketball.
II. Short Answer Questions
1. What is the full form of FIBA?

2. Who is known as the father of basketball?
3. What is the full form of BFI?
4. When was the first set of basketball rules framed?
5. What is the height of basketball ring from the floor?
6. What is the weight of the basketball?
III. Fill in the Blanks
1. The first national basketball championship was held in

_______________________ under IOC.
2. Basketball become a regular part of Olympics officially in the
year of ________________________.
3. Basketball game is divided into _____________ quarters.
4. Circumference of a basketball is ___________________.
IV. State whether True or False
1. The first national championship under BFI was conducted

in 1951.
2. Three seconds rule is related to violation.
3. The boundary lines are a part of playing area in Basketball.
Cricket
1. Write down the international and Indian history of cricket.
2. Explain the 11 ways through which a batsman can be given
‘out’ in the game of cricket.
Chap-5.indd 202 31-07-2020 15:27:58
Team Games 203
3. Elaborate the different types of bowling in cricket.

4. Explain the different types of batting in cricket.
1. When and where was the BCCI framed?

2. What is the old and new full form of ICC?
3. What is T20?
4. What is a Wide Ball?
5. Who was the recipient of Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award in
2018?
1. Cricket is a game played with a ________ and __________ on a

large field, known as a ___________.
2. First Indian batsman who scored century in Test Match was
__________.
3. First Indian batsman who scored century in One day match is
_________.
4. The colour of cricket ball should be _________ in night test
matches.
1. There are two types of crease.

2. The height of stumps is 28 inches.
3. A ‘Bye’ run is scored when a batsman is trying to hit the ball
but could not hit it and is miss-field by the fielder or wicket
keeper.
4. A batsman is not out if he willingly obstructs the opposition by
word or action.
Football
1. Explain the world history of Football.
2. Draw a labelled football ground.
3. Explain any five laws of football.
4. What are the players’ equipment in football?
5. List the types of kicks in football and explain any two.
Chap-5.indd 203 31-07-2020 15:27:58
204 Health and Physical Edcation - XI
1. When was the first Football Association formed?

2. Tsu-Chu was played in which country?
3. What is FIFA?
4. When was AIFF formed?
5. What are the dimensions of a football field for international
competitions?
6. List the criteria as per FIFA for the football to be used.
7. What is the difference between free kick, indirect free kick and
penalty kick?
1. The game of football is also known as ___________ in the world.

2. The first known/oldest football tournament is _____________.
3. India holds the record of organising _________ cup as second
oldest tournament in the world.
4. Less than ___________ players cannot be allowed for a team to
play in tournament.
5. Two yellow cards are equal to ____________ which means
sending off offence.
1. The Throw-In is a method of restarting play.

2. The measurement of a goal area is 5.5m × 19m.
3. A goal can be scored directly from the indirect free kick.
4. A direct free kick, kicked in own goal is awarded as corner to
opponent.
5. Unsporting behaviour is a questionable offence.
6. A direct goal can be scored from the corner kick but only
against the opposing team.
7. A flag post should not be less than 1.5m (5 feet).
Handball
1. Write down the History of Handball.
2. Draw a labelled handball playfield.
Chap-5.indd 204 31-07-2020 15:27:58
Team Games 205
3. Explain the functional rules of Handball.

4. Differentiate between the 6 m Goal Area Line and 9 m free
throw line.

1. What is the full form of IHF?
2. When and where was the IHF framed?
3. How many players and substitutes are there in a Handball
team?
4. Write down the names of the current Indian Handball team
members?
1. The first national handball championship was held in

_______________.
2. Handball became a regular part of Olympics officially in the
year of ______________ .
3. Time out is related to _____________ quarters of playing time.
4. Panalty line is _________________ away from the Goal Post.
1. The first World Championship under IHF was conducted in

1954.
2. 3 seconds rule is related to violation.
3. The length of a Handball ground is 42 m.
Hockey
1. Who founded the International Hockey Federation and in
which year?
2. In which year was hockey introduced in the Olympic Games.
3. Draw a labelled diagram of hockey field playground.
4. Explain in detail the new match time format in field hockey.
5. Explain the new format of shootout in field hockey.
Chap-5.indd 205 31-07-2020 15:27:58
1. What is the full form of FIH?

2. What is the weight of a field hockey ball?
3. What should be the shape of the head of a hockey stick?
4. How many umpires are there in field hockey?
5. How many types of cards can be issued by the umpire in field
hockey? What is the effect of yellow card on a player?
1. The height of the goal post in field hockey is ____________.

2. The player is suspended for ____________ minutes if he gets a
green card.
3. National championship for field hockey is ____________.
4. The duration of a field hockey match is ____________.
5. The international field hockey match played is ____________
quarters of ____________ minutes.
6. Indian men’s Hockey team won _______________ gold medals in
Olympic Games.
1. A player is suspended for 5 minutes when the umpire shows

yellow card to the player.
2. The height of the backboard in goal post is 480 mm.
3. The height of the flag post is 2.00 m.
4. Field hockey was first introduced in 1900 Olympic Games.
Kabaddi
1. Briefly explain the origin of Kabaddi as a game in India.
2. Describe any three rules of giving raid.
3. What are the situations in which the raider can be given ‘out’?
4. How does an anti-raider team get points?
5. How can a bonus point be scored?
Chap-5.indd 206 31-07-2020 15:27:58
Team Games 207
1. Name the place from where Kabaddi has originated?

2. When did Kabaddi receive international exposure?
3. How many players play in a Kabaddi match?
4. What is ‘lona’?
5. What is the duration of time out in a Kabaddi match?
6. Enlist some defensive fundamental techniques mostly used in
Kabaddi.
7. What does green card indicate in Kabaddi?
1. The game of Kabaddi has been developed and played since the
epic age of ____________.
2. The surface for playing Kabaddi game in present day is
____________.
3. A raider is allowed to chant only____________.
4. A raider cannot be held by his ____________ or ____________.
5. When all the members of a team are made out by the opponents,
it is called ____________.
1. To warn a player, the umpire shows green card.

2. Temporary suspension of 4 minutes is given by yellow card.
3. Red card is given to a player for suspension from the match.
4. A raider gets 1 point for crossing the bonus line only when
there are minimum 6 defending players.
5. In the case of tie match in knock-out tournament, five raids
are allowed from both the teams.
Kho-Kho
1. Explain the history of Kho-Kho.
2. Draw a Kho-Kho court according to the specifications.
3. Describe some fundamental skills of Kho-Kho.
4. Write about the important national and international
tournaments organised in Kho-Kho.
Chap-5.indd 207 31-07-2020 15:27:58
5. Explain the general rules and regulations of Kho-Kho.

6. Explain the dimensions of the Kho-Kho ground for women.

1. Define ‘chasers’.
2. State the height of the pole in Kho-Kho.
3. Can a runner touch the sitting chaser?
4. Is a player considered out, if his both feet are outside the
playing court?
5. Name the basic techniques of Kho-Kho.
6. Who was the first Kho-Kho player to get the Arjuna Award?
7. Can the chasers finish their turn before the allotted time?
8. Will the defenders have to come again, if they are all out before
the time?
9. What are the dimensions of each square for men’s playfield?
10. How many points are awarded if a runner is out?
11. How many officials are required in a Kho-Kho match?
12. Name some of the famous players of Kho-Kho.
13. How many players are there in a Kho-Kho team?
14. How many innings are there in a Kho-Kho match?
15. What is the total duration of a Kho-Kho match?
16. Who had given the modern form to Kho-Kho?
1. For the first time, the rules of Kho-Kho were framed in the year
______________.
2. The modern frame of the game is credited to ______________.
3. The governing body of Kho-Kho in India is ______________.
4. Asian championship started in ______________.
5. Chaser in Kho-Kho is also called ______________.
1. Hanuman Vyayam Prasarak Mandal has given the modern

form of Kho-Kho.
2. Kho-Kho federation of India was established in 1940.
3. Eleven players play in a Kho-Kho game.
Chap-5.indd 208 31-07-2020 15:27:58
Team Games 209
4. Running team is divided into three groups consisting three

players each.
5. The Kho-Kho game develops agility.
Volleyball
1. Explain the international and Indian history of Volleyball game.
2. Explain about ‘libero’ in Volleyball.
3. Write down the scoring system in Volleyball.
4. Explain about the fundamental skills of Volleyball.
1. When was the Volleyball Federation of India (VFI) formed?

2. When was the Federation Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB)
founded?
3. List the equipment used in Volleyball.
4. Write down the fundamental skills of Volleyball.
5. Name the types of services in Volleyball.
6. What is ‘attack’ in Volleyball?
7. Who was the recipient of the Arjuna award in 2014 in
Volleyball?
1. In Volleyball, the height of the free space above the playing

area from the playing surface shall be _______ m.
2. Diagonal measurement of full Volleyball court shall be ______ m.
3. A team may request a maximum of ________ substitutions per set.
1. Volleyball was introduced in 1964, Tokyo Olympic Games.

2. Federation Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB) was formed in
1949.
3. Libero cannot serve, block or attempt to block.
Chap-5.indd 209 31-07-2020 15:27:58

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Team Games

as Springfield College of Physical Education) in Springfield,

Fig. 5.1: Dr. James Naismith

Naismith sought a vigorous indoor game to keep his

History of basketball in India

constitution of Basketball Federation of India (BFI) in 1950 at

Fig. 5.2: Basketball court

Free-throw lines, restricted areas and free-throw

Fig. 5.3: Restricted area in basketball

7.6cm 61cm 121.9cm

Fig. 5.4: Basketball backboard

Fig. 5.5: Basketball backboard and rim dimensions

International Basketball Federation (FIBA) approved colour

Functional Rules of Basketball

Fig. 5.7: Players, position (right), attack, defence (left)

Opponents’ Own Basket

Officials, table officials and commissioner

Playing time, tied score and extra periods

Beginning and end of a period or the game

How the ball is played

Game Lost by Forfeit and default

•• Five seconds—A player may not hold the ball for

Fig. 5.8: An offensive foul

1. Personal foul: A personal foul occurs when there is

(b) Blocking: It is an illegal personal contact, which

Basic Skills of Basketball

Fig. 5.9: Dribbling

•• Change of pace dribble

Passing and Receiving

Fig. 5.10: Passing and receiving

Fig. 5.11: Shooting

Fig. 5.12: Rebounding

1. Man to man defence: Man to man defence is usually

Fig. 5.13: Zone defence

3. Combined Defence: The third type of defence

Famous Indian Basketball Players

History of Cricket in India

The legendary Indian cricket player, C.K. Naidu played

Fig. 5.14: Cricket in the early ages

Activity 5.4 Field positions

3rd Man Fineleg

Slips Leg Slips

Cover Mid Wicket

Long Off Long On

Fig. 5.15: Fielding positions on the cricket ground

Fig. 5.16: Cricket players and equipment

Number of Players in a team 11 (Playing) + 05 (Extras) = 16

Fig. 5.17: Cricket pitch measurements

There are two ground umpires and a third umpire.

How to play Cricket

Fig. 5.18: (a) No ball

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(e) (f) (g) (h)

When is a Batsman declared ‘out’ as per cricket rules?

It does not matter whether the ball has touched the

(a) (b) (c)

Fig. 5.20: (a) Bowled (b) Caught (c) Stumped

•• Leg Before Wicket (LBW): If the ball is bowled (not a

Fig. 5.21: (a) Hit wicket (b) Run out