11 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Trends, Networks, and Critical

Thinking in the 21st Century
Quarter 4 – Module 2a:
Assessing Political and Social Institutions

NegOr_Q4_TNCT/HUMSS11_Module2a_v2
Trends, Networks, and Critical Thinking in the 21st Century – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 2a: Assessing Political and Social Institutions
Second Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis - Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

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Writer: June Mark D. Empenida
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Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
E-mail Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph

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Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can
continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each
lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step
as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM.
This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need
to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-
check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We
trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how
they can best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of
this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests.
And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.

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 What I Need to Know

This Learning Module is an alternative instructional design that uses developed

instructional materials which are based on the needs of the students. They are
encouraged to independently work for the different activities which will make them
productive citizens in our society.

This course presents some relevant information about democracy which can
be applied in facing challenges in our world today. You shall be able to learn some
skills and ideas that you may use for your daily living in this democratic society. By
studying this module, you will learn not to abuse the independence you have and
appreciate its value. You will also become a productive citizen by understanding your
role in this democratic world. Thus, you could be an influence of “change for the better”
in our challenging world.
Happy learning!

What I Know

I. True or False: Write True if the statement is correct and False if not. Write the
answer in your activity notebook.

1. Political institutions can also be called “organization.”

2. Family is a form of political institution.
3. Society cannot survive without social institutions.
4. Social institutions create laws.
5. Institutions are not so important in a democratic country.

II. Identify each item as “Political” or “Social Institution.”

1. Political parties
2. Trade unions
3. Congress
4. Legal courts
5. Non-government organization
6. Family
7. Education
8. Religion
9. Community
10.Tribe
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 What’s In

Task 1: Arrange the jumbled letters for every item to come up with the correct answer.
Write your answer in your notebook.

1. LACITILOP TUTIONINSTI= ________________________

2.CIALSO TUINSTITION= ___________________________
3.MUNICOMTY= __________________________________
4.CIESOTY= _____________________________________
5.FMLYAI=_______________________________________

Task 2: Analyze and discuss the difference between political and social institution
based on the pictures given below.

POLITICAL INSTITUTION SOCIAL INSTITUTION

(Bayan n.d.) (jeffreypadamatajon12 n.d.)

Your insights:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

NegOr_Q4_TNCT/HUMSS11_Module2a_v2
 What’s New

Task 2: Given the pictures above, what are the roles of:
a. Political Institution in the society?
b. Social Institution in the society?

What is It

Democracy as a form of government comes in many forms. Even though

supported by most citizens in democratic states, what they cherish are widely different
systems. This plurality is crucial when the quality of democratic governance is to be
evaluated. However, variations not only concern strict political systems as such but
also the relationship between political institutions and the social institutions that are
not directly part of political processes.

Political institutions are organizations which create, enforce, and apply laws.
They often mediate conflict, make (governmental) policies with regards to the
economy and social systems, and otherwise provide representation for the populous.

The quality as well as the stability of democratic governance is integrated in the

large set of social institutions indirectly related to politics. Political institutions in a
narrow sense are complemented by voluntary organizations and social movements.
Moreover, other social fields which are permanently present in the lives of the people,
such as education, health care and others, may be equally important to the quality of
democracy. Even if shaped by democratic processes, they in turn give input to and
shape the functioning of democracy. Hence, the quality of democracy refers both to
the functioning of political institutions and to the extension of democratic ideals to other
social institutions.

What is the difference between political structures and political institutions?

Political institutions are generic, while structures are specific. Structures pertain to the
executive branch of government, while institutions pertain to the legislative branch.

Democracy works well when its political institutions perform functions assigned
to them. The Constitution of any country lays down basic rules on the powers and
functions of each institution. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet are institutions that
take all important policy decisions. A democracy in a more traditional sense is a
political system that allows for each individual to participate.

Institutions are important in a democratic government because they ensure that

the system runs according to the rule of law and not according to whims and fancies
of a ruler. It ensures justice and fairness in the system as the powers and jurisdiction
3

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of every institution is clearly defined by the constitution. A social institution consists of
a group of people who have
come together for a common purpose. These institutions are a part of the social order
of society and they govern behavior and expectations of individuals.

Social institutions are systems of behavioral and relationship patterns that are
densely interwoven and enduring, and function across an entire society. They order
and structure the behavior of individuals by means of their normative character. Family
is very important in Germany both from social and legal viewpoints. A family creates
a stable and often unbreakable relationship.

From Political Philosophy to Sociological Analysis

Institutions, as they are understood in the present context, constitute common

frameworks regulating social behavior of individuals and organizations, as well as
basic social conflict. As such, they reflect viable social compromises, in some cases
even consensus. Yet, even if conflicts are mitigated, they do not disappear. They take
several forms, not only as conflicts over divergent interests but as normative
dilemmas, as goal conflicts, and as competing interpretations of how institutions are
supposed to work. Thus, institutions become arenas for the exertion of power given
that institutions emerge and change by processes of differentiation and innovation;
they are widely divergent in their modes of functioning. Thus, the relationship between
them reflects complementarity and tensions at the same time. The prevalence of
dilemmas, tensions and conflicts within institutions points to the salience of democratic
deliberation and conflict resolution.

Democratizing the Economy

The economy is dominated by an overarching ambivalence between autonomy

and hierarchy – at the most general level, between the roles of producers and
consumers and the roles of managers and workers. In the role of consumers, citizens
are basically in an autonomous position; in the role of producers, they are placed into
drastic hierarchical systems. The relationship between management and employees
is less clear-cut: employees are subordinate to management prerogatives while at the
same time enjoying political autonomy as citizens. When prospective democratic
elements in the economy are discussed, old notions of ‘economic democracy’
inevitably come up. This is not so much a concept as a generic term to cover the
expansion of political democracy into the economy.

Welfare State Institutions in Democracy

The basic task of the welfare state is the inclusion of citizens in regular
participation in society. The welfare state is composed of several basic institutions;
here the discussion is mostly limited to institutions for health care and social security.
Welfare state measures in these fields aim at maintaining or restoring – as far as
practically possible – the ability of citizens to act as free and productive individuals.
This is obtained by public agencies distributing rights-based provisions. An underlying
norm of the welfare state is that of social solidarity, which takes two forms. In addition

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to meeting immediate needs in the population, it serves as an insurance system for
those who are not needy at present but may be so in the future.

Democracy in the Media Institution

Systems of information, shaped by ruling groups, have always been a

precondition for keeping together societies larger than local communities. In modern
times, the media are institutionalized as a main source of the communal imagination
by their diffusion to the general public. Their institutional character and practical
separation from ruling groups are not sufficient conditions for the media being
democratic. In large parts of the world political censorship, directly or indirectly, plays
a key role in the production and diffusion of information. To be democratic, the media
must have freedom of information and of expression as their normative bases.

In democratic societies, the media are exposed to two basic dilemmas. First,
they are supposed to take an idealistic, liberal stance by bringing forth information for
discussion among citizens about all kinds of social prospects and problems. Inclusive
social deliberation presupposes that media reach out to a large number of readers or
listeners. The other side of the coin is that most media are private enterprises with a
commercial component, and they are expected to bring profit to their shareholders
When reaching out to a large audience is not only a democratic but also a commercial
requirement, it also unduly invites selection from and trivialization of the news
panorama based on public appeal.

Generalizing Institutional Norms and Conflicts

The main social institutions are heterogeneous; they comprise, and are even
built around deep social dilemmas or conflicts that cannot be solved once and for all
but rather necessitate compromises. Thus, if social struggles over compromises and
reformulations of compromises are unavoidable, they are by nature changeable. For
this reason democratic deliberation becomes crucial.

Democratic norms across institutional fields may equally be subsumed under a

set of common terms. In a general sense, the criterion of social membership concerns
various forms of exclusion from basic social institutions. In working life this refers to
the citizens’ general access to decent positions in the labour market. In the welfare
state, social membership is expressed by the degree of access to health care and
social services. In the media sector, social membership is a function of access to
socially relevant information via the media or otherwise. All of these cases represent
different types and degrees of dualization. The degree to which dualization is a
consequence of institutional preconditions may serve as a measure of the quality of
democracy.

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 What’s More

Task 1: Directions: Discuss the essence of political and social institutions as depicted
in the pictures provided below.

POLITICAL INSTITUTION SOCIAL INSTITUTION

(Diaz 2019) (Caparida 2017)

Your insights:
__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

Task 2: Write your personal reflection regarding the topics in this module. Have this
in your activity notebook.

I have learned that_____________________________________________

I have realized that ____________________________________________
I will apply what I have learned___________________________________

NegOr_Q4_TNCT/HUMSS11_Module2a_v2
 What I Can Do

Task 3: Application

As a student, give instances or personal experiences where you became part

of a particular institution. Example: being a student of an educational institution (your
present school)
• What are your roles in that particular institution?
• Are you performing those roles/ responsibilities well?

Assessment

I. True or False: Write True if the statement is correct and False, if not. Write
your answer in your notebook.
1. Political institutions can also be called “organization.”
2. Family is a political institution.
3. Society cannot survive without social institutions.
4. Social institutions create laws.
5. Institutions are not so important in a democratic country.

II. Identify each item as Political or Social Institutions.

1. Political parties
2. Trade unions
3. Congress
4. Legal courts
5. Non-government organization
6. Family
7. Education
8. Religion
9. Community
10. Big Family

NegOr_Q4_TNCT/HUMSS11_Module2a_v2
 Additional Activities

Directions: Make a sketch showing the “Social Institutions” existing in your own
locality. Have this in a short bond paper.
Rubrics:
Creativity: 15
Content and Relevance: 15
Overall Presentation: 10
Total Score: 40

NegOr_Q4_TNCT/HUMSS11_Module2a_v2
 Glossary

The following terms used in this module are defined as follows:

1. Community - a group of people living in the same place or having a particular

characteristic in common.
2. Constitution - the basic principles and laws of a nation, state, or social group
that determine the powers and duties of the government
3. Democracy - a government in which the supreme power is vested in the
people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of
representation
4. Family - the basic unit in society traditionally consisting of two parents rearing
their children
5. Institutions - a facility or establishment in which people (such as the sick or
needy) live and receive care
6. Law - a binding custom or practice of a community: a rule of conduct or action
prescribed
7. Organization - an administrative and functional structure (such as a business
or a political party)
8. Policy - a definite course or method of action selected from among
alternatives and in light of given conditions to guide and determine present
and future decisions
9. Political institutions - are organizations which create, enforce, and apply laws;
that mediate conflict; make (governmental) policy on the economy and social
systems;
10.Social institutions - are mechanisms or patterns of social order focused on
meeting social needs, such as government, economy, education, family,
healthcare, and religion.

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NegOr_Q4_TNCT/HUMSS11_Module2a_v2
10
Assessment
I. True or False: Write True if the statement is correct and False if
not.
1. True
2. False
3. True
4. False
5. False
II. Identify if its Political or Social Institutions.
1. Political
2. Political
3. Political
4. Political
5. Political
6. Social
7. Social
8. Social
9. Social
10. Social
What I Know
1. POLITICAL INSTITUTION
2. SOCIAL INSTITUTION
3. COMMUNITY
4. SOCIETY
5. FAMILY
Answer Key
References

WEBSITES

https://www.thoughtco.com/political-institutions-44026
https://nayyab.wordpress.com/2010/04/08/importance-of-social-institutions-of-
society/
https://www.google.com/search?ei=gHJpX7aRM5jZ-
https://www.google.com/search?ei=GVZpX_KmMIz6wQPIxZ-
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/democracy
https://www.google.com/search?q=duterte+and+cabinet+members&tbm=isch&ved=
2ahUKEwitvqee4vvrAhUTA6YKHQwjD1AQ2
https://www.google.com/search?q=family+in+the+philippines&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUK
Ewjd6smR4_vrAhVVzIsBHclpB0EQ2-
file:///C:/Users/ACER/Downloads/2_Social_Institutions_and_the_Quality_of_Democr
acy.pdf
PICTURES

Bayan, Racquel. n.d. RP CMS. Accessed January 14, 2022.

http://admin.radyopilipinas.ph/news_articles/ika-37-cabinet-meeting-naging-
produktibo-palasyo/.
Caparida, Jolieto Cambalo. 2017. slideshare. January 13. Accessed January 14,
2022. https://www.slideshare.net/AchesJolieto/social-institution-70995118.
Diaz, Jess. 2019. Philstar Global. December 13. Accessed January 14, 2022.
https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/12/13/1976631/house-eyeing-cha-
cha-approval-next-month.
jeffreypadamatajon12. n.d. HUNGERliminate: DEBAR SCARCITY. Accessed
January 14, 2022. https://jeffreypadamatajon12.wordpress.com/about/#jp-
carousel-78.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

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Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Email Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
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