THE EFFECTIVENESS OF IMPLEMENTED STRATEGIES ADDRESSING DISPUTES

OF (PDL) PERSON DEPRIVE OF LIBERTY IN BISLIG DISTRICT JAIL

A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the

College of Criminology

In Partial Fulfillment
of the requirement for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Researchers:
Jonathan R. Caerlang
Joemarie G. Natural
Mary Irish E. Luingas
Glydel Jean O. Bato
Bryan G. Coralat

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS 2

I. IPROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Introduction 3

Review of Related Literature 9

Conceptual Framework 16

Statement of the Problem 16

Significant of the Study 17

Scope and Limitation 17

Purpose of the Study 18

Definition of Terms 18

II. RESEARCH METHODOGY

Research Design 19

Research Locale 19

Respondents and Sampling Procedure 20

Research Instrument 20

Data Gathering Procedure 20

Statistical treatment 20

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 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF IMPLEMENTED PROGRAMS OF BJMP TO
(PDL) PERSON DEPRIVE OF LIBERTY IN BISLIG DISTRICT JAIL

INTRODUCTION

People are imprisoned for many different reasons. They are sent because they have
committed crimes due to mental health issues or addiction to drugs or alcohol, poverty and
sometimes peer influence. Some crimes are violent which may lead to serious loss or damage or
even death, while others are nonviolent resulting to minor casualties. Some people have
committed a crime that they didn’t realize was illegal, however ignorance of the law is not an
excuse. Whatever the reason, it is essential to understand how incarceration rate affect society
today to combat these problems more effectively.

Life in prison is not easy they will encounter many problems, mental problems, gang war,
drugs and other behavioral problems, detainees in prison have the right to education, skills
training they have the right to rehabilitate or reform their selves to be a productive citizen when
the time of release. BJMP created a program to help them for development of their selves. BJMP
helped theme to realize things that good things should be done.

Bureau of jail management and phenology (BJMP) was created to address the concern
about jail management, BJMP was created on January 2, 1991 thru R.A 6975. Clients of BJMP
are detainees, who are accuse and temporarily confined. BJMP was mandated to direct
supervision & control the administration and operation of all district, city& municipal jail
nationwide to protect or safekeeping of PDL. BJMP deals with the policies and guidelines
security, basic needs, improvement of jail facilities & activities for development of PDL.

BJMP implemented many strategies to address the disputes of PDL, created a program as
a strategy to address Dispute of PDL. These programs are PDL custody, security and control
program, PDL welfare and development program, decongestion and good governance. They also
have their core programs, provision of basic needs, health service, educational program, skills
training / enhancement program, livelihood program, behavioral management / modification,
interfaith program, cultural and sports program, paralegal program, E-dalaw there are also
support services to help BJMP to addressing disputes of PDL, human right desk, help desk,
referrals for aftercare. There is also special program for vulnerable groups, cervices for pregnant
PDL, service for PDL with special needs, mental health services and drugs counselling for PDL
with substance use disorder.

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 Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDL) are given health education and counseling, medical
consultations, frequent health checks, and medications when they are in custody, subject to
availability. PDL are permitted to engage in daily physical activity and sunbathing to preserve
their physical well-being.

PDL Welfare and Development Program, sometimes known as the Inmates' Welfare and
Development Program, is a government initiative that assists inmates with covering expenses
such as food, housing, medical care, and other necessities. The respondents' age, sex, civil status,
and level of education are all included in this phrase. A precaution or countermeasure
recommended for an information system or organization that is intended to ensure the privacy,
accuracy, and availability of its data and to comply with a set of established security standards.

Good governance in summary, in a nutshell, effective governance refers to the political

and institutional outcomes and procedures required to accomplish development goals. How well
"good" government upholds the promise of human rights—including civil, cultural, economic,
political, and social rights—is the fundamental litmus test of its effectiveness.

Provisions of Basic Needs, All PDL under authority are furnished with three (3) feasts
(breakfast, lunch and dinner). Satisfactory stockpile of consumable water is made accessible to
them consistently. Moreover, upon affirmation, every PDL is given their PDL uniform
comprising of the yellow shirt and earthy colored running jeans. Cleanliness units are likewise
disseminated to the PDL on month to month or quarterly premise. Periodically, the arrangement
of essential requirements for the PDL is enhanced by the food and non-food gifts from
neighborhood government units, non-government associations, business area and confidential
people.

Health Services for PDL, Wellbeing administrations for PDL comprise of intercessions
towards the avoidance, advancement, treatment of sicknesses and recovery. All PDL go through
clinical evaluation upon affirmation. During repression, PDL are furnished with wellbeing
schooling and directing, clinical conferences, normal wellbeing observing, and gave
prescriptions subject to accessibility. To keep up with the actual soundness of PDL, they are
permitted everyday sunning and actual activities.

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 Educational Program, the instructive program expects to give open doors to PDL to
accomplish compulsory training. Hence, BJMP embraced the Elective Learning Framework
(ALS) of the Branch of Instruction for the PDL to acquire their rudimentary and secondary
school certificates. Educators in the prison-based ALS are BJMP Staff who are proficient
instructors and prepared on the Educational Strategy for ALS. In prisons where there are no
faculty prepared to deal with ALS classes, the ALS educators would be coming from the Branch
of Training. All PDL signed up for the ALS procure their particular Time Stipend for Instructing,
Considering and Coaching (TASTM) as per RA 10592.

Skills Training/ Enhancement Program, the target of the abilities preparing program is to
outfit the PDL with specialized/professional abilities which they can use in looking for work or
going into business after discharge from control. To make the PDL as cutthroat as other potential
work searchers, the abilities phases of preparation favored are those authorize by the Specialized
Training and Abilities Improvement Authority (TESDA) with the goal that the PDL will actually
want to acquire Public Certificates. In this way, just the PDL who meet the qualification
prerequisites of the particular abilities preparing program being offered can take part.

Livelihood Program, are the business program presents pay producing exercises to PDL
during their control where they can acquire for their own upkeep and for monetary help to their
families. The capital for the work project is either from BJMP for BJMP-financed projects or
from the normal asset of a gathering of PDL for non-BJMP supported projects. Instances of
proceeding and most well-known occupation ventures of PDL are packs and satchels, bonsai
made of globules, cakes, carpets, paper specialties, and wood creates. To assist the PDL with
acquiring from these work projects, the prison unit Government assistance and Improvement
Official (UWDO) works with the offer of the items in show places or job convoys coordinated
by the nearby government units and other specialist co-ops.

Behavioral Management/ Modification Program, BJMP executes the Remedial People

group Methodology Program (TCMP) to oversee and adjust ways of behaving of PDL with the
objective of emphatically changing their reasoning and conduct through organized bunch
processes. The program tries to educate and demonstrate positive reasoning, supportive of social
qualities, great navigation, and positive adapting. Through the program, PDL are prepared on
socially satisfactory approaches to acting and relating with their kindred PDL and with faculty
and guests in this manner cultivating a remedial prison climate and keeping a serene mutual
environment.

Interfaith Program, PDL are given the potential chance to rehearse their confidence while
under care without separation, subject just to regular wellbeing and safety efforts. The BJMP
pastors and imams offer different strict types of assistance, for example, yet not restricted to
mass festivals, common supplications, profound guiding, drill, and others. Strict associations and
their particular priests/ministers and pioneers are licensed by BJMP to work with their customary
contact with PDL for the arrangement of strict administrations.

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 Cultural and Sports Program, Cultural activities allowed in jails include dance, singing,
theatre/drama, and art workshops, the social program plans to advance fellowship among PDL,
support the improvement of self-assurance and sharing of social gifts as type of positive
diversion. Social exercises permitted in correctional facilities incorporate dance, singing,
theater/show, and workmanship studios. Additionally, through this program, PDL experience
some feeling of social predictability through the common festivals of socio-widespread
developments like birthday events, Valentine's Day, Moms' and Fathers' Day, Christmas, Loaned
and Easter, Ramadan, neighborhood celebrations and other comparative exercises.

Paralegal Program, the primary goal of the Paralegal Program is to address the congestion
in prison offices. Through the paralegal program, PDL are helped with benefiting of the different
early methods of delivery. Territorial and prison paralegal officials direct nonstop instructive
courses/directions to PDL on their freedoms, methods of early delivery, and other
paralegal/lawful cures which can be profited of by them. Other paralegal administrations
incorporate paralegal directing and case follow-up in the courts by the prison paralegal officials.

E-Dalaw, The E-DALAW administration is an option in contrast to the customary up

close and personal appearance among PDL and separate families. This help empowers the PDL
to interface with his/her family through a regulated video call and visit. The program is
conceptualized explicitly to take care of PDL whose relatives can't go to the prison for genuine
visit in view of the significant distance to the prison from the home or work environment of the
relatives. Notwithstanding, if there should be an occurrence of prison lockdown by reason of
general wellbeing crisis where appearance is suspended, all PDL are permitted to utilize the e-
dalaw to speak with their families on fair revolution premise.

Human Rights Desks, each prison office works 24-hour Basic liberties Work area took
care of by an assigned Common freedom Undertakings Official. The primary capability of the
Common liberties Work area is to get grumblings concerning basic freedoms infringement from
PDL and guests and to report the objections through proper detailing framework to the concerned
BJMP workplaces and to the Commission of Basic freedoms for examination and suitable
activity.

Help Desk, in accordance with the public authority's strategy of giving opportune and
quick admittance to taxpayer driven organizations, each prison office has laid out its own
Assistance Work area oversaw by an assigned Assist Work area with officering. The Assist
Work area with working as a reference unit where PDL and guests can hold up their solicitation
for help concerning individual or family needs. These solicitations are assessed by the Assistance
Work area Official and all solicitations for help that can't be addressed by the prison are alluded
to the concerned government organizations for suitable activity.

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 Referral for Aftercare, Despite the fact that BJMP perceives the significance of aftercare
program for PDL to be delivered for them to begin a new, it is restricted exclusively to giving
government assistance and formative program of PDL while they are in care. In any case, to
guarantee progression of care of PDL upon discharge, the prison unit government assistance and
Advancement official work with references to various local area assets. These references
addressed to the nearby government units, non-government associations and the business area for
the most part incorporate yet not restricted to looking for guaranteed monetary help for PDL's
bringing home, work/job help, instructive/professional preparation grant, clinical and mental
intercessions.

Services for Pregnant PDL, Pregnant PDL, by reason of their ailment, are focused on
exceptional consideration by the prison attendants to guarantee consistence to pre-natal and post-
natal consideration, convenient arrangement of other pregnancy-related requirements, and help
for the consideration of the new brought into the world until the last option is embraced to the
close family or certify kid caring office.

Services for Senior Citizen PDL and PDL with Disabilities, as well as carrying out
measures to safeguard the senior resident PDL and PDL with handicaps from separation and
laying out practical property paths for them, the essential approach is to interface them to the
nearby office of Senior Resident Undertakings Office. The individual ID Cards from (PDAO)
unit are the PDL's entrance key to the various administrations for senior residents and individual
with inabilities commanded by the Senior Residents Act and Magna Carta for Individual with
Incapacities.

Services for PDL with other Special Needs, PDL who are individuals from the LGBT
people group perhaps isolated from everybody concerning lodging to forestall expected abuses
towards them by reason of their orientation articulation and different weaknesses. By and by,
they get similar projects and administrations gave to everybody and they are urged to take part
completely in the socio-social exercises of the prison.

Mental Health Services, as a rule, preventive psychological wellness pointed toward

decreasing rate of emotional well-being problems and creating positive survival strategy are
given to all PDL. Forestalled emotional wellness mediations remember instructive workshops for
stress the executives, psycho-instructive guiding and other strong mental gathering exercises. In
like manner, psycho-social help administrations or stress interviewing to address injury are
worked with for PDL after the event of inappropriate prison occurrences or in the repercussions
of crushing catastrophes straightforwardly influencing the PDL.

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 Drug counseling for PDL with Substance use Disorder, PDL with substance use or have
history of unlawful medication use and who were allowed supplication bartering under A.M. No.
18-03-16 SC, are furnished with drug guiding utilizing the Katatagan Kontra Droga sa
Komunidad ( KKDK ) approach. The KKDK is a psycho-instructive medication directing project
created comprising of 24 (24) modules: eighteen (18) modules to be finished by the PDL in a
little social environment with individual PDL and six (6) family modules to be taken part by the
PDL's loved ones. The medication advising runs for most extreme span to four (4) months.

This situation was made the researchers realize to conduct a study that deals with the
effectiveness of those above mention implemented strategies addressing disputes of (PDL)
person deprive of liberty in Bislig District Jail.

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 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE (RRL)

Fighting fires: Raymund E. Narag, Sou Lee International journal of offender therapy and
comparative criminology 62 (11), 3509-3535, 2018 Using intensive interview data from inmates
in one of the most overcrowded and under resourced jails in Metro Manila, Philippines, this
article investigates the origins and roles of inmate pangkats (a derivative of gangs) in jail
management. Understanding the developmental nature and roles of inmate gangs in the
overcrowded prisons in the Philippines This article looks into how the pangkats supplement jail
management and help keep the jail operations afloat in response to institutional deficiencies like
police misconduct and court case delays and structural shortages like a lack of space, operational
resources, and personnel. This article specifically describes how the pangkats put out fires: their
intricate roles in easing the pain of imprisonment, mediating conflicts, maintaining order, and
teaching discipline to members. This article also discusses the development of a give-and-take
relationship that reflects the sociocultural realities of the Philippines between the pangkats and
jail officials. Policy on gang management in a developing country context and implications for
prison community theory are discussed.

Diskarte Lang Hannah Glimpse Nario-Lopez Because of the negative effects it has on the
delivery of rehabilitative justice, the inhumane conditions that exist in Philippine jails and
prisons are a pressing issue. Even though all institutions involved in the justice system play a
role, there is a belief that focusing on the administrative side of prisons and the role of jail
officers overemphasizes the power of prison regimes and simplifies the issue. The goal of this
study is to present a different point of view. Detainees confront, challenge, and negotiate officers'
authority over the facility despite the badges they wear. Detainees also confront, challenge, and
negotiate officers' authority over the facility. I discuss officers' routines and methods for dealing
with the order and chaos of jail life using qualitative methodology and grounded theory on data
collected over three and a half years. I direct the reader in the direction of a custodial operation
carried out by officers, which they refer to as "pag-didiskarte" (resourceful strategizing). In
conclusion, I offer a critical opinion that, despite the fact that "pag-didiskarte" is regarded by
officers as a permissive relational strategy, it is unable to last and creates additional risks for
employment. If officers' unprioritized, unheard, and demonized subjectivities are included in the
development of the criminal justice system, then the country's jail system can be better managed,
in my opinion.

9
 Diskarte Lang: Managing Operational Obstacles in a City Jail in the Philippines Source:
Transformations in society: The journal of the South. May 2021, Issue 9 Vol. 1, pp. 157-192.
36p. Author(s): Hannah Nario-Lopez, a glimpse of the abstract: Due to the negative effects it has
on the provision of rehabilitative justice, the inhumane conditions that exist in Philippine jails
and prisons are a pressing issue. Even though all institutions involved in the justice system play a
role, there is a belief that focusing on the administrative side of prisons and the role of jail
officers overemphasizes the power of prison regimes and simplifies the issue. The goal of this
study is to present a different point of view. Detainees confront, challenge, and negotiate officers'
authority over the facility despite the badges they wear. Detainees also confront, challenge, and
negotiate officers' authority over the facility. I discuss officers' routines and methods for dealing
with the order and chaos of jail life using qualitative methodology and grounded theory on data
collected over three and a half years. I direct the reader in the direction of a custodial operation
carried out by officers, which they refer to as "pag-didiskarte" (resourceful strategizing). In
conclusion, I offer a critical opinion that, despite the fact that "pag-didiskarte" is regarded by
officers as a permissive relational strategy, it is unable to last and creates additional risks for
employment. If officers' unprioritized, unheard, and demonized subjectivities are included in the
development of the criminal justice system, then the country's jail system can be better managed,
in my opinion. Copyright for Social Changes: The content of the Journal of the Global South,
which is owned by Ateneo de Manila University, may not be copied, emailed to multiple sites, or
posted to a listserv without the express written permission of the copyright owner. However,
individual users can print, download, or email articles. This abstract could be cut down. The
copy is not guaranteed to be accurate. For the full abstract, users should look to the material's
original published version. Please check with your college or university library, local public
library, or affiliated institution for access to this entire article and additional high-quality
information.

A concurrent exploratory study on sectoral engagement model of an altruistic corporate

social responsibility in bureau of jail management and penology Alexander B Pahayahay, Nelson
R Asejo, Shirley M Pangan, Daniel D Dasig Jr, Amando S Panganiban Jr International Journal of
Business and Economic Affairs 2 (2), 2017 This paper presents the Sectoral Engagement Model
of an Altruistic Corporate Social Responsibility in Bureau of Jail Management and Penology.
University of Makati-College of Computer Science is true to its vision to providing information
technology education committed to the development and adequate utilization and applications of
information technology serve as ground inspirations to offer training inside the Makati City Jail
for their residences. This study was conducted for the purpose of determining the status of
learning basic computer application and basic troubleshooting in the Bureau of Jail Management
and Penology inmates which form part of the college Altruistic Corporate Social Responsibility
using the Concurrent Exploratory Research Methodology. Significantly, the majority of the
respondents have an applied hands-on and experienced lesson from the actual training in the
basic troubleshooting part of the program. The CSR provided an equal opportunity to adapt to an

10
industry-based learning that they can use outside the vicinity of BJMP as their possible way of
starting a new life.
Through the Youth's Eyes: Conflicts between children and the law and the juvenile
justice system This study, "Through the Eyes of the Youth:" was conducted by Erika Sophia T.
Acampado. The evaluation of the efficacy of the Juvenile Justice Welfare Act and its
amendments is titled "Children in Conflict with the Law and the Juvenile Justice System." From
the perspectives of CICLs and duty bearers, it discusses concerns at various stages of the judicial
process. Additionally, this is an examination of the child's emotional and cognitive mindset.
View at cas.upm.edu.ph Related articles All 2 versions academia.edu Integrated Jail
Management System for the Bureau of Corrections Ma Bernadette B Bautista Through
interviews with primary respondents, CICLs and key informants, as well as social workers from
Makati Youth Home and View at cas.upm.edu.ph Primary respondents, CICLs, and key
informants’ social workers from Makati Youth Home and View at cas.upm.edu. Inadequate
manual monitoring of qualified prisoners who are eligible for early release from the jails to the
Board of Pardons and Parole (BPP) may also be to blame for this terrible congestion in the
prison cells. As a consequence of this, prisoners are denied early liberty. Additionally, the
ongoing confinement of them adds to the government's costs. Evidently, the overcrowding
situation in various prisons places an additional burden on the government. Each inmate is given
a budget of PhP40 for the food allowance alone. 00. The New Bilibid Prison (NBP) in
Muntinlupa City and all of the country's major prisons currently house approximately 30,000
inmates. To feed them, the NBP needs a daily budget of one million two hundred pesos (PhP1,
200,000.00) or an annual budget of four hundred thirty-eight million pesos (PhP438,
000,000.00), excluding the budgetary requirements for their other basic needs like medicines and
uniforms.

The goal of this study was to find out how well safekeeping practices were being used in
the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology's Ipil District Jail and Ipil Women's Dormitory Jail
of Zamboanga Sibugay during the 2018–2019 calendar year. The descriptive, frequency count,
percentage, and mean methods of the non-experimental quantitative research design were
utilized in this study. Additionally, a modified questionnaire was used to collect the results. The
study surveyed 127 inmates and 50 employees of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology.
The frequency count, percentage, mean computation, t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson r
Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation were the primary statistical tools utilized. According
to the findings of the study, there were more male inmates than female inmates. The majority of
the inmates' index crimes were murder, while the majority of their non-index crimes were for
drug possession. The two Jails under investigation always followed the following security
procedures: Treatment of inmates with special needs, custody, security and control emergency
plans, movement and transfer of prisoners and detainees, rights, privileges, and other provisions,
and inmates' welfare and development functions are all governed by commitment orders,
segregation of prisoners or detainees, reception procedures, and disciplinary boards. The Bureau
of Jail Management and Penology and inmate ratings on the implementation of the commitment
order and segregation of inmates or detainees were not significantly different. However, there

11
was a significant gap between the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology's assessment of the
remaining safekeeping practices and the rating given by inmates. In fact, there was a significant
correlation between the level of implementation of the safekeeping practices and the level of the
relationship. The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology should continue and sustain its
implementation of safekeeping practices, according to the researcher.

From 2010 to 2013, the Bataan District Jail's Skills Training and TechVoc Extension
Programs were successful: An Evaluation Elizabeth A. Joson, D. Bernadeth B. Gabor, and
Nomer N. Varua The motto of the Bataan Peninsula State University's Extension Services Office
is "We Change Lives." This exemplifies its mission and vision, which are to help the less
fortunate by providing skill training; they could live better and become development partners
through technology transfer and information drive. The nation's more than 100 land-grant
colleges and universities have a third important mission: "extension." While all universities
conduct research and teach, Extension means "reaching out," and land-grant institutions "extend"
their resources through non-formal, non-credit programs, addressing public needs with college or
university resources. The expansion of extension programs that will address a variety of social
issues that confront Bataeos today is one of the goals that the current administration of the
university has set for itself. Through programs like skills development, social skills, technology
assistance, technology transfer, and agriculture development, among other things, the university
aims to play a role in the empowerment of the people, particularly the grassroots. The Lakbay-
Kalinga Program, which includes the subprograms Lakbay Kalinga sa Lipunan, Lakbay Kalinga
sa Teknolohiya at Inhenyeriya, and Lakbay Kalinga sa Kalusugan, is one of the many research-
based holistic community extension programs offered by the BPSU extension services. Through
its holistic "Adopt-a-Barangay" or "Adopt-a-Community" strategy, the Lakbay-Kalinga
Programs are delivered to the target communities and combine the university's expertise with
extensive technology-based activities. Technology, agriculture, health, livelihood,
microenterprise, food processing, packaging and marketing, literacy, and social skills programs,
among others, have been provided to a number of barangays in Bataan.

Emotional geography, as defined by Allan B. De Guzman, is the study of how emotions

influence how people interact in their environment. Previous research has focused solely on the
negative effects of incarceration on the emotional well-being of inmates and their interactions,
despite the fact that prison has been described as a place filled with negative feelings. However,
no effort has been made to investigate how emotional geography helps foster positive
relationships within the prison, which is why this investigation was initiated. The overall goal of
this study is to explain how a select group of elderly Filipino prisoners use emotional geography.
This study used the subjective, grounded hypothesis plan. This study included a purposeful
sample of 25 elderly Filipino prisoners from the New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa City,
Philippines. The de Guzman, Henson, Gumba, Fradejas, and Valdez Shoelace Model of
Emotional Geography, which describes how the incarcerated elderly Filipinos' emotions affect
their interactions in achieving positive relationships with other inmates while they are inside the

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penal institution, was interestingly developed thanks to this study. There are three phases to this
emerging model: intertwining (strengthening the bonds through emotional understanding) and
isolating (embracing a wall). The process of emotional geography, which can be utilized by
gerontological workers, nurses, and other health professionals to address and accommodate the
social and custodial needs of this vulnerable group, has been successfully described by the
emerging theoretical model.

Depression, Anxiety and Stress Level Among Persons Deprived of Liberty, a Year after
COVID-19 Pandemic: It’s Implication to Jail Management May S Ramones, Arthur B Gubia-On,
Peter Paul S Cagatao This study aimed to investigate the level of depression, anxiety, and stress
among persons deprived of liberty, after a year of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Municipal
Bureau of Jail Management and Penology in the Province of Quirino. The descriptive, cross-
sectional survey research method was used in this study. Participants in the study were persons
deprived of liberty who have been imprisoned since the COVID-19 pandemic. The researcher
used questionnaire to collect data. Results revealed that majority of the persons deprived of
liberty (PDL) belong to age range 36-40 years old, married, having their cases investigated. In
addition, the PDL have mild level of depression and anxiety and normal level of stress a year
after the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the study showed that there is no significant
difference in their levels of depression when the participants are grouped according to age, civil
status, and classification. However, it is revealed that there is significant difference in the levels
of anxiety when they are grouped according to age and there is no significant difference when
they are grouped according to civil status and classification. Meanwhile, the study revealed that
there is significant difference in the levels of stress when they are grouped according to age and
civil status and there is no significant when grouped according to classification. Based on the
results and conclusions of the study, the following recommendations are given: For the Bureau
of Corrections and Penology (BJMP) to create relevant administrative internal protocols to
prevent the spread of COVID-19 in prison environments, to increase mental health surveillance
to help reduce the risks of developing mental diseases caused by the pandemic for the prison
population, and to design necessary intervention strategies to ensure the safety and health of
those deprived of liberty; For BJMP officials to formulate mental health policies that take into
account the most affected people who were detained during the pandemic, as well as to design
the most effective platform for providing reliable information about the pandemic and mitigating
its psychological effects; For Jail Wardens to provide welfare efforts that emphasize prevention
and direct intervention in order to promote long-term mental health services, provide
individualized treatment plans on time, and maintain a safe and healthy jail environment; For
Prison Medical Personnel to contribute to the development and improvement of prison health
facilities by sustaining the quality of care for people who have been deprived of their liberty
through provision of appropriate mental health programs, treatment and care, implementing
strategies for health maintenance, mental health promotion, and disease prevention; For Persons
Deprived of Liberty to actively participate in self-enrichment mental health activities provided
by BJMP personnel in order for them to have a better understanding of their mental wellbeing
and mental health needs, allowing them to have a quality of life even while incarcerated; and
Future researchers should conduct additional research to shed light on the growing mental health
status of people detained in Philippine jails, consider other potential factors not mentioned in this
study to gain a better understanding of the mental health and life situations in the future in

13
another pandemic context. Participation of Persons Deprived of Liberty in Disaster Risk
Reduction in Philippine Jails Kerr John n carloBos Philippine Journal of Public Administration
63 (2), 2019 Incarceration facilities in the Philippines are vulnerable to impacts of natural
disasters. The lack of research and policy intervention in this area of prison management and
governance, coupled with existing natural hazards and other vulnerabilities, makes persons
deprived of liberty (PDLs) a high risk but low priority minority group in disaster management.
This study looks into the situation of PDLs in four selected Philippine jails, namely, city jails of
Caloocan, Manila, and Tacloban, and San Mateo Municipal Jail. It presents the recurring patterns
and observable behavior of PDLs during disaster events and the level of their participation in
disaster risk reduction management (DRRM) programs. Current prison management policies
prohibit PDLs from assisting with the prison administration. However, a gap in policy and
practice caused by lack of personnel and resources makes the participation of PDLs necessary.
Although further research is needed to identify the underlying mechanisms and relations,
findings suggest the advantages of formalizing PDL participation in DRRM to achieve better
operationalization of DRRM-related activities.

Livelihood is a tool in the present practical society for humans to survive and have a
source of sustainable living as they are a citizen of the ever-changing and challenging world.
It serves as a source of income for every individual to continue their lives and get the
necessities they need to live. Programs such as the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
(BJMP) Livelihood Program can be successful in transitioning inmates from the prison to the
workforce to enable them to grow and develop themselves even as they stay in the prison.
Through these programs, inmates may also learn valuable employability skills that may
translate to opportunities for employment upon their release to sustain themselves and even
their families and have a reformed life that is different from their life before they entered
prison. This study will scale the effectiveness of the implementation of the BJMP Valenzuela
Livelihood Program to know what are the things to work on and the strengths and
weaknesses of the program to reform people and provide persons deprived of liberty (PDLs)
with skills and learning that will be useful for them. The researchers utilized the descriptive
narrative method in this study. The descriptive narrative method of the research survey will
be used to identify and analyze the assessment of the respondents about the level of
implementation of the BJMP Livelihood Program in Valenzuela City Jail. The researchers
utilized the following instruments to gather the needed data. The researchers first used
questionnaires as the instrument of data collection. Second, the researchers conducted an oral
interview to gain additional knowledge, especially on the respondents, and emphasize the
factors involved. Third, the researchers conducted a focus group discussion, which is another
source of important data. Fourth, the researcher used books, magazines, newspapers, Internet
sources, and theses to develop the concept and contents of the study. The respondents were
described according to different demographic profiles. A total of 80% of the respondents are
from the age range of 42–50 years old. A total of 100% of the respondents were male, 100%
were married, and 100% are M.A. graduates. The respondents regarded the implementation
of the BJMP Livelihood Program in Valenzuela City Jail in terms of the PDLs’ welfare
impact, PDL supervision, and personnel security as moderately effective. The respondents
regarded the problems encountered that affect the implementation of the BJMP Livelihood
Program in Valenzuela City as moderately serious. The results of the study can be used by

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 the jail management to develop and come up with other innovative and significant programs
and activities to further increase the effectiveness of livelihood programs for regeneration in
the PDL’s life in returning to the community. Dante Samilo, Janodin Ontong ,Christian Alba,
Dino De Guzman.

Modernization Program on Jail System at Quezon City Jail: An Assessment, Authors

Giovannie Belen Gerald Escalona Alexander Ubana Dupo Arjay Keywords: BJMP, QCJ, PDL
Jails are popular in the Philippines due to the high crime rate and the war on drugs campaign of
the government. The Corrections Pillar performs its task as the safe keeper and undertakes the
rehabilitation of offenders and convicted felons. In this study, we surveyed the detainees to
assess the current situation in jail the need to modernize and improve on the part of the
government. The descriptive method was used as a research design. It attempts to describe and
explain the conditions of the present by using many subjects and questionnaires to fully explain a
phenomenon. This served as a guide to evaluate the needs of our jail system to upgrade the living
condition of persons deprived of liberty (PDLs) in Quezon City Jail. Regarding the importance
of the study in the policy and practice in the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)
jail facilities, an in-depth study on how the basic needs of inmates can be effectively provided to
improve their well-being was conducted. Given that the result of the study showed that “work
and livelihood” were ranked the lowest, we recommend that BJMP should provide more
systematic work and livelihood programs for PDLs. The income that they can generate from it
can be used to augment the shortage on the budget of the PDL’s basic commodities. For future
researchers, this is only one study that relied on a relatively small number of PDLs in a single jail
facility. While we understand that improving the “shelter/quarter” of the PDL entails budget and
further planning from the government and to BJMP, these realities should be faced one step
ahead by the concerned. With the ongoing concern on how appalling the PDL’s number vis-à-vis
the jail quarters, the modernization program should be prioritized. The BJMP under the
Department of Interior and Local Government supervised all provincial, sub provincial, and city
jails throughout the Philippines. It houses prisoners whose sentences range from 1-day to3 years
and detainees awaiting disposition of their cases. This study focused on the assessment of the
modernization program on the jail system at Quezon City Jail. Our findings showed that the
Additional Budget for Work and Livelihood Program is one of the lowest in terms of budget
allocation, the Work and Livelihood Program also fail as the lowest in terms of reformation
program.

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 IMPLEMENTED
PROGRAMS:
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
MAJOR PROGRAMS
CORE PROGRAMS EFFECTIVENESS OF
THE IMPLEMENTED
SUPPORT SERVICES
PROGRAMS
OF BJMP
SPECIAL PROGRAMS
FOR VULNERABLE
GROUPS

The variables above show about the effectiveness of the implemented strategies
addressing disputes of PDL person deprive of liberty.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study was conducted to investigate and understand the implemented strategies
addressing dispute of PDL in Bislig District Jail.

1. What is the personal profile of PDL in terms of:

Names:
Age:
Sex:
2. What are the programs that are being implemented in Bislig District Jail?
3. What is the most effective program?
4. What is the less effective program?

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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study helps the BJMP (Bureau of Jail Management and Penology) to know what are
the effects or the effectiveness of their programs that deals with dispute Of PDL (Person
Deprived of liberty).
This study helps the PDL to understand where they go in case of dispute, it helps PDL what kind
of program they need to take for development of their self.
This study will serve as guide or basis to the future researcher as it contributes ideas and
information of effectiveness of implemented strategies addressing disputes of PDL in Bislig
District Jail on how to discover other topic which are related to the problems encountered by the
inmates.
Family of PDL - this study helps the family of PDL to understand that even one of their relative
was imprison government still working and help them to be a productive one.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

This study is limited and focus on the effectiveness of implemented strategies addressing
deputes of PDL in Bislig District Jail. We the researcher will not go beyond other topics or
problems of BJMP and PDL. This study is limited only in these programs such as major
programs, core programs, support services, and special programs.
Major Programs such as:
PDL custody, security and control program, PDL welfare and development program,
decongestion and good governance.
Core Programs such as:
Provision of basic needs, health service, educational program, skills training /
enhancement program, livelihood program, behavioral management / modification, interfaith
program, cultural and sports program, paralegal program, E-dalaw.
Support services to help BJMP to addressing disputes of PDL such as:
Human right desk, help desk, referrals for aftercare.
There is also special program for vulnerable groups such as:

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 Services for pregnant PDL, service for PDL with special needs, mental health services
and drugs counselling for PDL with substance use disorder.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this study is to know the effectiveness of the implemented strategies in
addressing the disputes of PDL particularly in Bislig District Jail. It also helps PDL to
understand every program so that they will know where they go or what kind of program they
need.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) - BJMP is mandated to direct,

supervise and control the administration and operation of all district, city and municipal jails
nationwide with pronged tasks of safekeeping and development of PDL. Under Section 61 of
Republic Act No. 6975, otherwise known as the "Department of the Interior and Local
Government Act of 1990", the supervision and control over jails are lodged in different entities.
City and municipal jails are governed by the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology. On the
other hand, provincial jails are under the supervision and control of the provincial government.
Person deprived of liberty (PDL)-a person who has been arrested, held. in lawful custody,
detained, or imprisoned in execution of a lawful sentence.
Detainees- any person detained in an immigration detention facility or holding facility. -
persons who have been subject to custodial deprivation of their liberty. a person deprived of
liberty under authority of the law either by a law enforcement official for the purpose of
investigation of a crime or so as to be charged with an offence or by a private person where there
is reasonable suspicion that a crime has been committed; or a person deprived of liberty by order
of or under de facto control of a judicial, administrative or any other authority, for reasons of
humanitarian assistance, treatment, guardianship or for protection.
Disputes- a matter is the subject of an unresolved disagreement, claim, or complaint
against the Cooperative by a member, or the member's authorized agent. The assertion of
conflicting claims or rights between parties involved in a legal proceeding, such as a lawsuit,
mediation, or arbitration.

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 CHAPTER 2 METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN

This study entitled “The effectiveness of implemented strategies addressing disputes of

(PDL) person deprived of liberty in Bislig District Jail is quantitative research. It is quantitative
research because we the researchers use a quantitative survey questionnaire to gather data to be
use as basis of this study.

RESEARCH LOCALE

We the researchers will conduct our study in Bislig District Jail located in Poblacion,
Bislig City, Surigao Del Sur. We the researchers will conduct our study with the premises of
Bislig District Jail Officers or in Authority.

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RESPONDENTS AND SAMPLING PROCEDURE

The majority of the PDL from Bislig District Jail will be the respondents of this study.
The quantitative survey's questions will be responded by the respondents. The study's sample
will consist of fourthy (40) PDL. Nevertheless, the researcher's random selection of 40 study
participants will be made.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

We the researcher will use quantitative research survey questionnaire as a research

instrument. The questions are design to help us to gather information about the effectiveness of
implemented strategies addressing disputes of (PDL) person deprived of liberty.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

After our questionnaire will be approved, we the researcher will liaised with the jail's
administration to secure permission to carry out the study. The questionnaire will be manually
distributed by the researchers in the grounds of Bislig District Jail after permission was obtained.
Researchers will extend a friendly greeting to the designated Person Deprived of Liberty (PDL)
and we will give a brief introduction about our study entitled “The effectiveness of implemented
strategies addressing disputes of (PDL) person deprived of liberty in Bislig District Jail”. We the
researcher will wait to the completion of the questionnaire responses from the respondents. The
researcher will collect all the questionnaire when it was finished.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA

The researcher will be analyzed and interpret all the answers or response through
statistical treatment the measures of central tendency and frequency distribution.
Mean and frequency distribution - to determine the general respondents of this survey

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Mode- to determine the most effective strategies in addressing disputes of (PDL) person deprive
of liberty.

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