MRQ1 - Field failure relay

1. Introduction 6. Relay testing and

commissioning
2. Features and characteristics 6.1 Power-On
6.2 Testing the output relays
3. Design 6.3 Checking the set values
3.1 Connections 6.4 Secondary injection test
3.1.1 Analog input circuits 6.4.1 Test equipment
3.1.2 Blocking input 6.4.2 Example of test circuit for MRQ1 relay
3.1.3 External reset 6.4.3 Checking the input circuits and
3.1.4 Output relays measured values
3.2 Display 6.4.4 Checking the operating and resetting
3.3 LEDs values of the undervoltage functions
6.4.5 Checking the relay operating time of the
undervoltage function
4. Working principle
6.4.6 Checking the underimpedance
4.1 Analog circuits
characteristics
4.2 Digital circuits
6.5 Checking the extern blocking and
4.3 Underimpedance measurement
reset functions
4.3 Undervoltage measurement
6.6 Primary injection test
6.7 Maintenance
5. Operation and setting
5.1 Adjustable Parameter
5.2 Setting procedure
7. Technical data
7.1 Measuring inputs
5.2.1 Set point for the undervoltage element (U<)
7.2 Common data
5.2.2 Trip delay for the undervoltage element (tU<)
7.3 Setting ranges and steps
5.2.3 Impedance characteristic 1 (Z1A/Z1B)
7.4 Common data for all MR relays
5.2.4 Trip delay for impedance
characteristic 1 (tZ1)
5.2.5 Impedance characteristic 2 (Z2A/Z2B) 8. Order form
5.2.6 Trip delay for impedance
characteristic 2 (tZ2)
5.2.7 Slave address for remote control
5.3 Determination of the setting values
5.3.1 Underimpedance protection
5.3.2 Undervoltage protection
5.3.3 Setting example Important: For additional common data of all MR
5.4 Indication and measuring values relays please refer to manual „MR- Digital
5.5 Reset Multifunctional Relays“

2 TD_MRQ1_08.03_GB
1. Introduction and application 2. Features and characteristics

The field failure relay MRQ1 protects synchronous • Digital protection relay with powerful microcontrol-
generators against operation outside the stable op- ler
eration area due to loss of exitation. When partial or • Three phase voltage supervision in delta-
complete loss of excitation occurs on a synchronous connection
machine, reactive power flows from the system into • Current measurement in phase L1
the machine and the apparent impedance as viewed • Alphanumeric display for easy setting of the pro-
from the machine terminals goes into the negative X tection relay, reading of measured and calculated
region in the R-X diagram. values and read out of the fault memory
The MRQ1 detects the low or under impedance con- • Digital filtering of the measured values by use of
dition and trips the generator circuit breaker, thus pre- discrete Fourier analysis to suppress higher har-
venting damage due to out of step operation and monics and d.c. components induced by faults or
system instability. system operations
• Optimum adaptation to the stability characteristic
The under impedance measurement provides two of synchronous machines by two under imped-
elements with separate impedance and time settings. ance elements with separate set points and time
Therefore setting according to the dynamic and delays
steady state stability curve is possible. • Indication of the impedance measurement: abso-
lute, real and imaginary value
MRQ1 calculates the momentary impedance value • Under voltage blocking (<10% Un) of the under
from the generator current and voltage and compares impedance elements to prevent maloperation due
this value with the two settings of the under imped- to missing measuring voltage, e.g. fuse failure or
ance elements. near by short circuit of the generator
• Self adjusting sample frequency for precise opera-
Under impedance circle no. 1 reproduces the steady tion between 40 Hz and 70 Hz
state stability area of the generator. Element no. 1 • External blocking and reset inputs
may be used for alarm purposes and corrective meas- • Communication via serial interface RS485
ures like boost excitation. • Five output relays:
Trip relay: Underimpedance elements 1 and 2
Element no. 2 reproduces the dynamic stability area Alarm relay: Underimpedance element 1
of the generator. The time delay is set to a lower Alarm relay: Underimpedance element 2
value. It provides fast clearing on complete loss of Trip relay: undervoltage
field and backs up element no. 1. Element no. 2 Self supervision
should trip the generator circuit breaker quickly.

The following factors determine the setting of the two

elements: Stability diagram of the generator, excita-
tion system of the generator and the system configura-
tion.

TD_MRQ1_08.03_GB 3
3. Design

3.1 Connections

Fig. 3.1: Connection diagram

* Hint: 3.1.2 Blocking input

The current transformer in phase 1 can also be
connected to the outgoing line of the generator. Connection of the auxiliary voltage to the blocking
input D8/E8 inhibits all protective functions of the
MRQ1. This may be used during start up of the
3.1.1 Analog input circuits generator.

The MRQ1 receives the analog input signal of phase

current L1 (B3-B4) and the line to line voltages U12 3.1.3 External reset
(A3/A4), U23 (A5/A6), U31 (A7/A8). The under
voltage element measures all three line-to-line volt- Please refer to 5.5
ages, whereas the under impedance elements use
voltage U23 and phase current L1 for the impedance
calculation.

4 TD_MRQ1_08.03_GB
3.1.4 Output relays

The MRQ1 has five output relays with following

assigned functions:
• Trip relay: underimpedance elements 1 and 2
(two change over contacts: C1, D1, E1;
C2, D2, E2)
• Alarm relay: underimpedance element 1
(one change over contact, C4, D4, E4)
• Alarm relay: underimpedance element 2
(one change over contact, C5, D5, E5)
• Trip relay: undervoltage U<
(one change over contact, C6, D6, E6)
• Self-supervision alarm relay
(one change over contact, C7, D7, E7)

All trip and alarm relays are working current relays,

the relay for self supervision is an idle current relay.

Fig. 3.2: Front plate MRQ1

The LED marked with letters RS lights up during setting

of the slave address of the device for serial data
communication.

TD_MRQ1_08.03_GB 5
3.2 Display

Function Display shows Pressed pushbutton Corresponding LED

Normal operation |SEG
Measured operating values Actual measured
line-to-line voltage voltage U12, U23, U31 <SELECT/RESET> U1 , U2 , U3 ,
phase current current L1 one time for each value I1
impedance impedance Z, R, X Z, R, X
Setting values:
undervoltage setting value in volt <SELECT/RESET> <+> <-> U<
trip delay undervoltage setting value in seconds <SELECT/RESET> <+> <-> tU<
Impedance setting Z1A setting value in % <SELECT/RESET> <+> <-> Z1A
Impedance setting Z1B setting value in % <SELECT/RESET> <+> <-> Z1B
trip delay impedance Z1 setting value in seconds <SELECT/RESET> <+> <-> tZ1
Impedance setting Z2A setting value in % <SELECT/RESET> <+> <-> Z2A
Impedance setting Z2B setting value in % <SELECT/RESET> <+> <-> Z2B
trip delay impedance Z2 setting value in seconds <SELECT/RESET> <+> <-> tZ2
Function blockade EXIT <+> until max. setting value LED of blocked parameter
Slave address of serial
interface 1-32 <SELECT/RESET> <+><-> RS
Recorded fault data
line-to-line voltages, cur- Measured values in the <SELECT/RESET> U 1 , U 2 , U 3 , I1 ,
rent, instant of tripping one time for each value Z, R, X
impedance
measuring range overflow max <SELECT/RESET> Z, R, X
blocked impedance ? <SELECT/RESET> Z, R, X
measurement one time for each value
Save parameter? SAV? <ENTER>
Save parameters ! SAV! <ENTER> for about 3 s
Software version First parrt (e.g. D16-) <TRIP>
Sec. part (e.g.5.01) one time for each part
Manual trip TRI? <TRIP>
three times
Inquire password PSW? <SELECT/RESET>/<+>/
<->/<ENTER>
Relay tripped TRIP <TRIP> U1, U2, U3, Z, U<, Z1A,
or after fault tripping Z1B, Z2A, Z2B
Secret password input XXXX <SELECT/RESET>/<+>/
<->/<ENTER>
System reset |SEG <SELECT/RESET>
for about 3 s

Table 3.1: Possible indication messages on the display

6 TD_MRQ1_08.03_GB
3.3 LEDs

LED-designation Colour Mode Meaning

U1 , U2 , U3 green steady Display of the actual voltage
measuring values
U1 , U2 , U3 red steady U< tripped
U1 , U2 , U3 red flashing U< picked up
I1 green steady Display of the actual current
measuring value
Z green steady Display of the actual imped-
ance measuring absolute value
Z red steady Z< tripped
Z red flashing Z< picked up
R, X yellow steady Display of the actual imped-
ance measuring real and
imaginary value
RS yellow steady Slave-address setting
U< green steady U<-setting
U< red steady U< tripped
U< red flashing U< picked up
tU< green steady tU<-setting
Z1A, Z1B green steady Z1<-setting
Z1A, Z1B red steady Z1< tripped
Z1A, Z1B red flashing Z1< picked up
tZ1 green steady tZ1-setting
Z2A, Z2B green steady Z2<-setting
Z2A, Z2B red steady Z2< tripped
Z2A, Z2B red flashing Z2< picked up
tZ2 green steady tZ2-setting

Table 3.2: Possible LED indications

4. Working principle

4.1 Analog circuit 4.2 Digital circuit

The secondary current and voltage from the main cur- The essential part of the MRQ1 is a powerful micro-
rent and voltage transformers are converted into pro- controller. All of the operations, from the analog to
portional voltage signals via the input transformers. digital conversion up to the relay´s trip decision, are
High frequency disturbances are suppressed by ana- carried out by the microcontroller digitally.
log RC-filters. The relay program is located in an EPROM (Read-
only-memory). With this program the microcontroller
The analog voltage signals are fed via sample and processes the analog signals and calculates the fun-
hold circuits to the A/D-converter of the microproces- damental wave form of voltages and current. The al-
sor and transformed to digital signals. The analog gorithm uses the „Fourier-notch“ filter, excluding all
signals are sampled with a self adjusting sample rate frequencies except the fundamental.
of 16 times of the system frequency. The precision of
the impedance measurement is, therefore, independ-
ent of variations of the system frequency in a range of
40 Hz to 70 Hz.

TD_MRQ1_08.03_GB 7
4.3 Underimpedance measurement

The underimpedance elements evaluate the phase The tripping zones are the areas inside the periphery
current L1 and the line to line voltage U23. The DFFT of the circles. With separate adjustment of two trip-
algorithm calculates the real- and imaginary values of ping zones the optimum adaptation to the generator
voltage and current: dynamic and steady state stability characteristics can
Re[]: real part be achieved.
Im[]: imaginary part
U23 = Re[U23 ] + j Im[U23 ]

I 1 = Re[ I 1] + j Im[ I 1]

The real and imaginary values of impedance are cal-

culated as follows:

Re[U23 ] ⋅ Re[ I 1] + Im[U23 ] ⋅ Im[ I 1]

R* =
[ Re[ I ] ] + [ Im[ I ] ]
2 2
1 1

Im[U23 ] ⋅ Re[ I 1] − Re[U23 ] ⋅ Im[ I 1]

X* =
[ Re[ I ] ] + [ Im[ I ] ]
2 2
1 1

After an angle correction follows the actual imped-

ance phasor:
π
j
Z = R + j X = Z* ⋅ e 2 = j (R*+ j X*)
Fig.4.1: Tripping zones of the underimpedance elements

whereby:
R = - X* In case of missing measuring voltage, e.g. due to
X = + R* voltage transformer fuse failure or a near by short cir-
cuit of the generator, the detection of loss of excita-
The tripping zones of the underimpedance elements tion is not possible. This condition could lead to
form impedance circles with their centres on the X- maloperation in case the trip zone includes the origin
axis. By adjustment of two parameters per circle the of the R-X-axis. That´s why the MRQ1 automatically
tripping zones are determined: blocks the impedance calculation if the measuring
• Z1A/Z2A: Distance between the upper intersec- voltage of U23 falls below 10% of Un.
tion points of the circle periphery with the X-axis
and the R-axis (Offset). Z1A and Z2A can be set
in the range from -300 % > to +300 %, which de- 4.4 Undervoltage measurement
fine the location of the circles on the X-axis. If Z1A
or Z2A is set to be positive, the corresponding The MRQ1 provides a three phase undervoltage pro-
tripping zone stretches into the positive X-region. If tection element. A collapse of the system voltage be-
Z1A or Z2A is set to be negative corresponding low a critical value, typically < 80 % Un, caused by
tripping zone is located only in the negative x- a loss of excitation of the generator jeopardises the
region. system stability seriously. Therefore the undervoltage
• Z1B/Z2B: Diameters of the impedance circles, element should trip the generator circuit breaker in-
which define the size of the circles. stantaneously (t < 0,25 s). The undervoltage element
of MRQ1 activates a separate output relay. The volt-
age setting ranges from 2 % Un to 110 % Un. The
tripping time range covers 0,04 s to 50 s.

8 TD_MRQ1_08.03_GB
5. Operation and setting

5.1 Adjustable parameter

The user has access to the parameters listed below: The two parameters Z1A and Z1B are expressed as
per cent value of the calculated "nominal impedance"
U< - Set point of the undervoltage element ZN of the individual MRQ1-relay. ZN is defined as fol-
tU< - Trip delay of the undervoltage element low:
Z1A - Offset value of impedance circle no. 1 UN,MRQ
Z1B - Diameter of impedance circle no. 1 ZN = .
tZ1 - Trip delay of impedance element no. 1 3 ⋅ IN,MRQ
Z2A - Offset value of impedance circle no. 2
Z2B - Diameter of impedance circle no. 2 During setting of the offset value Z1A the display
tZ2 - Trip delay time of impedance element no. 2 shows the per cent value. This value may be altered
RS - Slave address for remote control by use of the buttons <+> and <-> in the range from
-300 % to + 300 % and stored with <ENTER>. With
negative values the circle lies completely in the nega-
5.2 Setting procedure tive X region. Positive values shift the circle into the
positive X-region. Zero means that the periphery of
For parameter setting a password has to be entered the circle touches the R-axis with the circle in the
first. (Please refer to 4.4 of description „MR - Digital negative region.
multifunctional relays“). The diameter of the circle Z1B may be set in the
range from 0 % to 600 %. If Z1B is set to zero, this
impedance element is blocked.
5.2.1 Set point for the undervoltage
element (U<)
5.2.4 Trip delay for impedance
During setting of the undervoltage set point U< the characteristic 1 (tZ1)
display shows the actual setting in Volts. The set point
may be altered by use of the buttons <+> and <-> During setting of tripping time tZ1 for impedance ele-
and stored with <ENTER>. The undervoltage element ment no.1 the display shows the actual setting in sec-
is blocked, if the parameter is set to „EXIT“. onds. The tripping time may be altered by use of the
buttons <+> and <-> and stored with <ENTER>.

5.2.2 Trip delay time delay for the

undervoltage element (tU<) 5.2.5 Impedance characteristic 2
Z2A/Z2B)
During setting of the undervoltage trip delay tU< the
display shows the actual setting in seconds. The trip The setting of Z2A and Z2B is similar to the setting of
delay may be altered by use of the buttons <+> and Z1A and Z1B. Please refer to 5.2.3.
<-> and stored with <ENTER>. If this parameter is set
to „EXIT“, the undervoltage output relay is blocked (in-
finite tripping time). The measurement and display for 5.2.6 Trip delay for impedance
the undervoltage element is still active. characteristic 2 (tZ2)

During setting of tripping time tZ2 for impedance ele-

5.2.3 Impedance characteristic 1 ment no. 2 the display shows the actual setting in
(Z1A/Z1B) seconds. The tripping time may be altered by use of
the buttons <+> and <-> and stored with <ENTER>.
The two impedance tripping zones of the MRQ1
form circles in the R-X diagram. The centre of the cir-
cles is located along the X-axis. Circle no. 1 is de- 5.2.7 Slave address for remote control
scribed by two parameters: Z1A, the distance of the
circle from the R-axis and Z1B, the diameter of the The slave address may be altered by use of the but-
circle (ref. 4.3). tons <+> and <-> and stored with <ENTER>.

TD_MRQ1_08.03_GB 9
5.3 Determination of the setting value

5.3.1 Underimpendance protection

Calculation of the setting values for the impedance Tripping time settings for the underimpedance
tripping zones: elements:

The settings of the impedance tripping zones have The underimpedance protection element no.1 is
to be determined by the generator reactances X´d and usally adapted to the steady state stability characteris-
Xd, the transformer reactance XT and the grid imped- tic of the generator. Generally, it takes at least 2 to 6
ance XN. seconds to lose synchronism in case of partial loss of
excitation. Hence the tripping time may be set from
Knowing the above listed parameters, the secondary 0,5 s to 3 s.
percentage setting values may be calculated from:
The second underimpedance element provides fast
IN,MRQ ⋅ IN,CT,prim ⋅ UN,VT,sec ⋅ UN,Gen clearing on loss of field and is adapted to the
xsec (%) = xprim(p.u.) ⋅ ⋅100(%)
IN,CT,sec ⋅ IN,Gen ⋅ UN,MRQ ⋅ UN,VT,prim dynamic stability characteristic of the generator. This
Definitions: element should be used instantaneously or with short
delay of 0,25 s to 0,5 s.
xsec(%) - calculated secondary impedance setting of
MRQ1 (Z1A, Z1B, Z2A or Z2B)
in percentage
xprim(p.u.) - primary reactance of generator (Xd´ and
Xd), transformer (XT) and grid (XN) in per unit
UN,Gen - Generator nominal voltage in V
IN,Gen - Generator nominal current in A
UN,VT,prim - Primary nominal voltage of the voltage
transformer in V
UN,VT,sec - Secondary nominal voltage of the
voltage transformer in V
IN,CT,prim - Primary nominal current of the current
transformer in A
IN,CT,sec - Secondary nominal current of the current
transformer in A
UN,MRQ - Nominal voltage of the MRQ1 in V
(100V / 230V / 400V)
IN,MRQ - Rated current of the MRQ1 in A
(1A/5A)

or:
KI ⋅ UN,Gen ⋅ IN,MRQ
xsec (%) = xprim (p.u.) ⋅ ⋅100(%)
KU ⋅ IN,Gen ⋅ UN,MRQ

With the current and voltage transfer ratios:

KI : for current
Ku : for voltage
IN,CT,prim UN,VT,prim
KI = und KU =
IN,CT,sec UN,VT,sec

10 TD_MRQ1_08.03_GB
The diagrams below show examples for the relay setting:

Fig. 5.1: Setting adapted to the steady state and dynamic stability characteristic

Fig. 5.2: Selective protection with any generator load

TD_MRQ1_08.03_GB 11
5.3.2 Undervoltage protection

The undervoltage protection element is usually set to Setting of the impedance element no. 1 (steady state
the critical system voltage value at which the genera- stability characteristic):
tor with loss of field jeopardises the system stability.
The limit is normally about 80 % of the nominal gen- KI ⋅ UN,Gen ⋅ IN,MRQ
erator voltage. The secondary set value is calculated Z1A (%) = xN ⋅ ⋅ 100 (%)
KU ⋅ IN,Gen ⋅ UN,MRQ
as follows:

2400 ⋅ 15750 ⋅ 5
UN,Gen Z1A = 0.2 ⋅ ⋅ 100 (%) = 27.8 %
U = 0,8 ⋅ 157.5 ⋅ 8625 ⋅ 100
KU

The undervoltage trip delay should be set at Z1A ≈ 28 %

0,25 s to max. 1 s.
KI ⋅ UN,Gen ⋅ IN,MRQ
Z1B (%) = xd ⋅ ⋅100 (%) + Z1A
KU ⋅ IN,Gen ⋅ UN,MRQ
5.3.3 Setting example
2400 ⋅15750 ⋅ 5
The example below explains the setting procedure for Z1B = 1.9808⋅ ⋅100 (%) + 28 %
157.5⋅ 8625⋅100
a synchronous generator of 200 MW:
Z1B = 303.6 % ≈ 304 %
Generator parameters:

PGen = 200 MW
Setting of the impedance element no. 2
COSϕ = 0.85
(dynamic stability characteristic):
UN,Gen = 15.75 kV
IN,Gen = 8625 A
1 KI ⋅ UN,Gen ⋅ IN,MRQ
xd = 1.9808 Z2A (%) = − x'd⋅ ⋅100 (%)
x’d = 0.2428 2 KU ⋅ IN,Gen ⋅ UN,MRQ
xN = 0.2
KU = 15750 V/100 V
1 2400 ⋅15750 ⋅ 5
KI = 12000 A/5 A Z2A = − 0.2428⋅ ⋅100 (%)
2 157.5⋅ 8625⋅100
UN,MRQ = 100 V
IN,MRQ = 5A
Z2A = −16.9 % ≈ −17 %

KI ⋅ UN,Gen ⋅ IN,MRQ
Z2B (%) = xd ⋅ ⋅100 (%) + Z2A
KU ⋅ IN,Gen ⋅ UN,MRQ

2400 ⋅15750 ⋅ 5
Z2B = 1.9808⋅ ⋅100 (%) −17 %
157,5⋅ 8625⋅100

Z2B = 258.6 % ≈ 259 %

12 TD_MRQ1_08.03_GB
Setting of the trip delay for the impedance elements: 5.5 Reset

tZ1 = 1.0 s Unit MRQ1 has the following three possibilities to re-
tZ2 = 0.25 s set the display of the unit as well as the output relay
at jumper position J3 = ON.
Setting of the undervoltage element:
Manual Reset
U
U = 0.8 ⋅
N,Gen
= 0.8 ⋅
15750
= 80 V • Pressing the push button <SELECT/RESET> for
K 157.5 some time (about 3 s)
U

Setting of the trip delay for the undervoltage element: External Reset
• Through applying auxiliary voltage to C8/D8
tU< = 0.25 s
Software Reset
• The software reset has the same effect as the
5.4 Indication and measuring values <SELECT/RESET> push button (see also communi-
cation protocol of RS485 interface).
The tables below list the display informations.
Please read the abbreviations as: The display can only be reset when the pickup is not
c: continuous present anymore (otherwise "TRIP" remains in display).
f: flashing During resetting of the display the parameters are not
g: green affected.
r: red
y: yellow

If one of the protection elements of the MRQ1 picked

up but did not trip, the related LED will flash slowly
until the <SELECT/RESET> button is pressed for 3 s.
After a trip, all measured values at the instant of trip-
ping may be recalled by pressing the <SELECT/
RESET> push button. Reset is possible by pressing the
<SELECT/RESET> button for 3 s.

Table 3: Normal operation:

Display Unit LED

Measured voltage value U12 in V U1 + U2 (c, g)
Measured voltage value U23 in V U2 + U3 (c, g)
Measured voltage value U31 in V U3 + U1 (c, g)
Measured current value I1 in I/In I1 (c, g)
Measured impedance value in %. Z (c, g)
Measured impedance real value in %. R (c, y)
Measured impedance imaginary value in % X (c, y)
Remote control RS485 RS (c, y)

Pickup and trip alarms:

Cause LED
Pickup of impedance element Z1 Z (f, r) + Z1A (f, r) + Z1B (f, r)
Tripping of impedance element Z1 Z (c, r) + Z1A (c, r) + Z1B (c, r)
Pickup of impedance element Z2 Z (f, r) + Z2A (f, r) + Z2B (f, r)
Tripping of impedance element Z2 Z (c, r) + Z2A (c, r) + Z2B (c, r)
Pickup of undervoltage element Ux (f, r) + U< (f, r) (x: 12,23,31)
Tripping of undervoltage element Ux (c, r) + U< (c, r) (x: 12,23,31)

TD_MRQ1_08.03_GB 13
6. Relay Testing and
commissioning

The test instructions following below help to verify the All output relays should then be activated and the self
protection relay performance before or during com- supervision alarm relay (watchdog) should be deacti-
missioning of the protection system. To avoid a relay vated one after another with a time interval of 1 sec-
damage and to ensure a correct relay operation, be ond. Thereafter, reset all output relays back to their
sure that: normal positions by pressing the push button
<SELECT/RESET>.
the auxiliary power supply rating corresponds to the
auxiliary voltage on site.
• the rated current and rated voltage of the relay 6.3 Checking the set values
correspond to the plant data on site.
• the current transformer circuits and voltage trans- By repeatedly pressing the push button <SELECT> all
former circuits are connected to the relay correctly. relay set values may be checked and set value modi-
all signal circuits and output relay circuits are con- fication can be done with the push button <+><->
nected correctly. and <ENTER>. For detailed information about that,
please refer to chapter 5.
6.1 Power-On

NOTE! 6.4 Secondary injection test

Prior to switch on the auxiliary power supply, be sure
that the auxiliary supply voltage corresponds with the 6.4.1 Test equipment
rated data on the type plate.
Switch on the auxiliary power supply to the relay and − Voltmeter, ammeter with class 1 or better
check that the message "ISEG" appears on the dis- − Phase angle meter
play and the self supervision alarm relay (watchdog) − Auxiliary power supply with the voltage correspond-
is energized (Contact terminals D7 and E7 closed). ing to the rated data on the type plate
− Single-phase current supply unit (adjustable from
0 to ≥ 10xIn)
6.2 Testing the output relays − Single-phase or three phase voltage supply unit
with phase shifting (adjustable from 0 to ≥ 1.2xUn)
NOTE! − Timer to measure the operating time
Prior to commencing this test, always block the output (Accuracy class ≤ ±10ms)
circuits or interrupt in another way the output circuits − Switching device
which can cause the tripping of the circuit breaker if − Test leads and tools
the breaker operation during this test is not desired.

By pressing the push button <TRIP> once the display

6.4.2 Example of test circuit for MRQ1
shows you the first part of the software version of the
relay
relay (e.g. „D08-“). By pressing the push button
<TRIP> twice the display shows the second part of
For testing field failure relays, you need both current
the software version of the relay (e.g. „4.01“). The
and voltage input signals with adjustable phase shift-
software version should be quoted in all correspon-
ing. Figure 6.1 shows an example of a test circuit
dence. After you have got a message "PSW?" on the
with adjustable three-phase voltage source and a
display by pressing the push button <TRIP> once
single-phase current source energizing the MRQ1 re-
more please enter the correct password to proceed
lay
with the test. After that the message "TRI?" will follow.
under test. If you only have a single-phase voltage
Confirm this testing by means of pressing push button
source, you can also test the under impedance
<TRIP> again.
function of the MRQ1 by connecting the single phase
voltage to the relay terminals A5/A6.
For testing the field failure relay, the input voltages
shall be applied to the relay with a constant value
within its effective range (e.g. U=50V). The input

14 TD_MRQ1_08.03_GB
current and phase angle shall be appropriately varied.
Versorgung Extern Reset Blockiereingang
Supply External Reset Blocking Input

L+/L L-/N L+/L L-/N L+/L

C9 E9 D9 C8 D8 E8

3 4 6 MRQ1
B3
A ~
~ 1 * * I1 =
B4

Versorgung
Supply +

+ D1
Z1/Z2 Auslösen C1
Z1/Z2 Trip Signal E1

Start
Timer
7 ϕ D2
- 8 C2
E2
D4
- Z1<
A3 C4
2 3 Stop E4
L1 * U 12 Warnung / Anzeige D5
* A4 Alarm / Indication Z2< C5
A5 E5
L2 D6
* V 5 * U 23
U< Auslösen
C6
A6 U< Trip Signal
L3 E6
* A7 Selbstüberwachung D7
N
* U 31
Selfsupervision C7
A8 E7
Serielle Schnittstelle
Serial Interface
N N
G G
9 P P

1. Einstellbare Spannungsquelle 5. Voltmeter

Variable voltage source 6. Amperemeter
2. Einstellbare Spannungsquelle dreiphasig mit Phasenschieber Ammeter
Variable three-phase voltage source with phase shifting 7. Phasenwinkelmesser
3. Schaltgerät Phase angle meter
Switching device 8. Zeitgeber
4. Serienwiderstand Timer
Series resistor 9. zu testendes Relais
Relay under Test

Fig. 6.1

Great care must be taken as to connect the test cur- Inject a current of rated value (1A for In = 1A) in
rent and test voltage to the relay in correct polarity. In phase 1 (terminals B3-B4) and apply three phase-to-
Fig. 6.1 the relay and test source polarity are indi- phase voltages in rated value (e.g. UN=100V) to
cated by a * mark near the terminals. terminals A3/A4, A5/A6, A7/A8 in ∆-connection.
Check the measured voltages, current and imped-
ance on the display by pressing the push button
6.4.3 Checking the input circuits and <SELECT> repeatedly. The voltages and current to be
measured values measured in this case should have rated value (100V
for UN=100V and 1x IN for IN=1A). Check that the
The following quantities can be measured by MRQ1 measured impedance value Z on display is 100%.
and indicated on the display: The real and imaginary parts of the impedance value
• Three phase-to-phase voltages U12, U23, U31 in volt depend on the phase angle between the current IL1
• Current IL1 related to the nominal current (x IN) and voltage U23, because the under impedance
• Impedance value Z related to the nominal imped- elements evaluate these two input quantities. Change
ance value (in %) the phase angle between the current IL1 and voltage
• Real part of the impedance value R related to the U23. Observe the measured impedance value and its
nominal impedance value (in %) real and imaginary parts on the display.
• Imaginary part of the impedance value X related
to the nominal impedance value (in %)
The nominal impedance value is defined as follow:

UN,MRQ
ZN =
3 ⋅ IN,MRQ

TD_MRQ1_08.03_GB 15
Compare them with the reference values given in the following table:

Impedance measurement at U=UN and I=IN

Phase angle Measured impedance on display
(°) Z(%) R(%) X(%)
IL1 in phase with U23 100 0 +100
IL1 leads U23 by 45° 100 +70.7 +70.7
IL1 leads U23 by 90° 100 +100 0
IL1 leads U23 by 135° 100 +70.7 -70.7
IL1 leads U23 by 180° 100 0 -100
IL1 lags U23 by 45° 100 -70.7 +70.7
IL1 lags U23 by 90° 100 -100 0
IL1 lags U23 by 135° 100 -70.7 -70.7

Compare the readings of current, voltage at indi- 6.4.4 Checking the operating and
cated display of relay with the readings from the resetting values of the
ammeter, voltmeter. The deviations of voltage and undervoltage functions
current measurement must not exceed 1% and 3% re-
spectively. By using an RMS-metering instrument, a Apply three voltages with the rated value and gradu-
greater deviation may be observed if the test current ally decrease the voltages until the relay picks up, i.e.
and test voltage contain harmonics. Because the at the moment when the LED U< lights up. Read the
MRQ1 relay measures only the fundamental compo- operating voltage indicated by the voltmeter. The de-
nent of the input signals, the harmonics will be re- viation must not exceed 1% of the set operating
jected by the internal DFFT-digital filter. Whereas the value. Furthermore, gradually increase the voltages
RMS-metering instrument measures the RMS-value of until the relay resets, i.e. the LED U< is extinguished
the input signals. (not confused with the dim flashing LED, which means
Calculate the impedance and its real and imaginary the storage of the last disturbance). Check that the re-
parts according to the voltage and current measure- setting voltage is less than 1.03 times the operating
ment. Compare the calculated value with the meas- voltage.
ured value on MRQ1 display. The deviation of the
impedance absolute value must not exceed 5%.
The deviation of the impedance angle must not 6.4.5 Checking the relay operating time
exceed 5°. of the undervoltage function

To check the undervoltage operating time, a timer

must be connected to the undervoltage trip output
relay contact (terminals D6/E6). The timer should be
started simultaneously with the voltage change from
sound condition to a faulty condition and stopped by
the trip relay contact. The operating time measured
by timer should have a deviation <3% of the set value
or < 20 ms.

16 TD_MRQ1_08.03_GB
 X
6.4.6 Checking the underimpedance
characteristics
1
2
For testing the underimpedance characteristics of 6
MRQ1 relay, three relay characteristical quantities
3
are substantial: input voltages, input current and -R 45° R
7
phase angle between them. During the testing, two of
these three characteristical quantities can be set to I 4
Impedanz Kennlinie Z1
constant values, and the other can be changed 8 Impedance characteristic Z1
Impedanz
gradually as to move the measured impedance from Kennlinie Z2 5

non-tripping zone into the tripping zone. Impedance

-X
characteristic Z2
Abb. 6.3
Impedanzänderung bei verschiedenen
3 I L1 Phasenwinkeln während der Veränderung
I L1 2
des Strombetrages
4 I L1
Fig. 6.3
I L1 45° 1 Impedance trajectories for various phase
U 23
5 I L1 angles by changing current amplitude
I L1 6
8 I L1
I L1 7 6.5 Checking the extern blocking and
reset functions

By MRQ1 relays, all relay functions will be inhibited

Abb. 6.2
Phasenwinkel zwischen Eingangsspannung by extern blocking input. To test the blocking function:
U23 und Eingangsstrom I L1 Apply auxiliary supply voltage to extern blocking in-
put of the relay (terminals E8/D8). Apply a test volt-
Fig. 6.2 age and inject a test current which could cause a
Phase relation between input voltage U 23
tripping. Observe that there is no trip and no alarm.
and input current I L1

Remove the auxiliary supply voltage from the blocking

input. Apply a test voltage and inject a test current to
Usually it is convenient to set the input voltage and
make the relay tripped (Message „TRIP“ on the dis-
the phase angle between the voltage and current to
play). Interrupt the test current and apply auxiliary
be given values, and to test the operating charactris-
supply voltage to extern reset input of the relay (termi-
tics by means of changing the current amplitude. By
nals C8/D8). The display and LED indications should
selecting different phase angles, and changing the
be reset immediately.
current amplitude in the same manner, you can find
out operating impedance values of your relay in
every direction on the RX-diagram. Fig. 6.2 and 6.3
shows various phase relations between voltage and
current, as well as the corresponding impedance tra-
jectories on the RX-plane for your reference.

TD_MRQ1_08.03_GB 17
6.6 Primary injection test 6.7 Maintenance

Generally, a primary injection test could be carried Maintenance testing is generally done on site at regu-
out in the similar manner as the secondary injection lar intervals. These intervals vary among users de-
test above described, with the difference that the pending on many factors: e.g. the type of protective
protected power system should be, in this case, con- relays employed; the importance of the primary
nected to the installed relays under test „on line“, and equipment being protected; the user’s past experi-
the test currents and voltages should be injected to ence with the relay, etc.
the relay through the current and voltage transformers For electromechnical or static relays, maintenance
with the primary side energized. Since the cost and testing will be performed at least once a year accord-
potential hazards are very high for such a test, espe- ing to the experiences. For digital relays like MRQ1,
cially if staged fault tests are intended, primary injec- this interval can be substantially longer. This is be-
tion tests are usually limited to very important protec- cause that:
tive relays to the power system. • the MRQ1 relays are equipped with very wide
Because of its powerful combined indicating and self-supervision functions, so that many faults in the
measuring functions, you have still the possibilities to relay can be detected and signalized during the
test the MRQ1 relay in the manner of a primary injec- service. Important: The self-supervision output relay
tion without extra expenditures and time consumption. must be connected to a central alarm panel!
In actual service, for example, the measured current • the combined measuring functions in MRQ1 relay
and voltage values on the display may be checked enable supervision the relay functions during
phase by phase and compared with the current and service.
voltage indications of the ammeter and voltmeter. It is • the combined TRIP test function of the MRQ1 relay
also possible to check the measured generator im- allows to test the relay output circuits by power
pedance value and its real and imaginary parts, system interrupt.
Please calculate the power factor of the operating A testing interval of two years for maintenance will,
generator, and compare it with the power factor therefore, be recommended.
meter indication on the switch-board panel to verify During a maintenance testing, the relay functions in-
that your relay works and measures correctly and to cluding the operating values and relay tripping char-
verify that the relay is connected to the power system acteristics as well as the operating time should be
with the correct polarity. tested.

18 TD_MRQ1_08.03_GB
7. Technical data

7.1 Measuring inputs

Nominal data

Nominal voltage UN: 100 V; 230 V; 400 V

Rated current IN: 1 A; 5 A
Measuring range: 10 x IN
Frequency fN: 40 - 70 Hz
Burden of the current input:
at IN= 1 A 0,2 VA
at IN= 5 A 0,1 VA
Burden of the voltage inputs: <1 VA/per phase at UN
Thermal capacity of the voltage inputs: 1,2 x UN continuously
Current inputs withstand:
dynamic 250 x IN (one half wave)
for 1 s 100 x IN
for 10s 30 x IN
continuously 4 x IN

7.2 Common data

Dropout to pickup ratio U<, Z<: <102 %

Returning time ≤30 ms
Minimum operating time ≤60 ms

Influencing quantities:
Frequency 45Hz to 65Hz: no influence
Auxiliary voltage: no influence in the specified range

TD_MRQ1_08.03_GB 19
7.3 Setting ranges and steps

Setting and displaying of voltage is made in Volts.

Setting and displaying of current is related to the nomi-
nal current IN of the MRQ1.
Setting and displaying of the impedance values are re-
lated to the nominal values of MRQ1 (pl. ref. to 4.3)

U I
Z (%) = L2 - L3 ⋅ N ⋅ 100 (%)
U I
N L1

3IN
Z (%) = Z Sek. ⋅ 100 (%)
UN

Z Sek.
Z (%) = ⋅ 100 (%)
ZN

Element Parameter Setting range / steps Assigned Tolerances

U< U< EXIT; 2...110 V / 1V (UN = 100V) ± 1 % of set value
EXIT; 5...255 V / 1V (UN = 230V) or < 0.3V whichever is larger
EXIT; 10...440 V / 2V (UN = 400V)
(EXIT blocks the function)

tU< 0.04...50s; EXIT / ± 1 % or ± 20 ms whichever is

0.01; 0.02; 0.05; 0.1; 0.2; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0 s larger
(EXIT: t = ∞)
Z1 Z1A -300 ... 300 % of ZN / 1% ± 5 % of set value at nominal values
Z1B 0 ... 600 % of ZN / 1%
(Z1B = 0 blocks the function)
± 1 % or ± 20 ms whichever is
tZ1 0.04...50 s; EXIT / larger
0.01; 0.02; 0.05; 0.1; 0.2; 0.5s
(EXIT: t = ∞)
Z2 Z2A -300 ... 300 % of ZN / 1% ± 5 % of set value at nominal values
Z2B 0 ... 600 % of ZN / 1%
(Z2B = 0 blocks the function)

tZ2 0.04...50 s; EXIT / ± 1 % or ± 20 ms whichever is

0.01; 0.02; 0.05; 0.1; 0.2; 0.5s larger
(EXIT: t = ∞)

7.4 Common data for all MR relays

Please refer to manual „MR - Digital Multifunctional Relays“

20 TD_MRQ1_08.03_GB
8. Order form

Field failure relay MRQ1- I U

Rated current 1A 1
5A 5
Rated voltage: 100 V 1
230 V 2
400 V 4
Housing (12TE) 19“-rack A
Flush mounting D

Technical data subject to change without notice!

TD_MRQ1_08.03_GB 21
Setting list MRQ1

Project: SEG job.-no.:

Function group: = Location: + Relay code: -

Relay functions: Password:

Date:

Setting of parameters

Default Actual
Function Unit settings settings
U< Pickup of undervoltage element V 80/190/320*
tU< Tripping of undervoltage element s 0.5
Z1A Pickup of impedance element % 20
Z1B Voltage theshold for vector surge measuring % 100
tZ1 Tripping of impedance element Z1 s 1.00
Z2A Pickup of impedance element Z2A % - 10
Z2B Pickup of impedance element Z2B % 70
tZ1 Tripping of impedance element Z2 s 0.5
RS Slave address

* Thresholds dependent on rated voltage 100 V / 230 V / 400 V

22 TD_MRQ1_08.03_GB
Woodward SEG GmbH & Co. KG
Krefelder Weg 47 ⋅ D – 47906 Kempen (Germany)
Postfach 10 07 55 (P.O.Box) ⋅ D – 47884 Kempen (Germany)
Phone: +49 (0) 21 52 145 1

Internet
Homepage http://www.woodward-seg.com
Documentation http://doc.seg-pp.com

Sales
Phone: +49 (0) 21 52 145 635 ⋅ Telefax: +49 (0) 21 52 145 354
e-mail: kemp.electronics@woodward.com

Service
Phone: +49 (0) 21 52 145 614 ⋅ Telefax: +49 (0) 21 52 145 455
e-mail: kemp.pd@woodward.com