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Lesson 7 Formula Names and Model of Covalent Compound

This document provides information about representing and naming covalent compounds. It begins by stating the lesson objectives of representing compounds using chemical formulas, structural formulas and models, and naming compounds given their formula. It then discusses the formation of molecules and ions from atoms, and covers topics like the octet rule, covalent bonding, molecular and empirical formulas, Lewis dot structures, ball-and-stick models and space-fill models for representing molecules. Rules are provided for naming binary covalent compounds, binary acids, oxyacids and bases. Examples are given to demonstrate applying the naming rules to write chemical names from formulas and formulas from names.

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74 views

Lesson 7 Formula Names and Model of Covalent Compound

This document provides information about representing and naming covalent compounds. It begins by stating the lesson objectives of representing compounds using chemical formulas, structural formulas and models, and naming compounds given their formula. It then discusses the formation of molecules and ions from atoms, and covers topics like the octet rule, covalent bonding, molecular and empirical formulas, Lewis dot structures, ball-and-stick models and space-fill models for representing molecules. Rules are provided for naming binary covalent compounds, binary acids, oxyacids and bases. Examples are given to demonstrate applying the naming rules to write chemical names from formulas and formulas from names.

Uploaded by

Luigie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 7

Chemical Formula, Names and


Model of
Covalent Compounds
LESSON OBJECTIVES
➢represent compounds using chemical formulas,
structural formulas and models
(STEM_GC11AMIc-e-21)
➢name compounds given their formula
(STEM_GC11AMIc-e-23).
➢ Answer 5 questions
➢ Life: Pass, Ask a
friend
Formation of molecules and ions
ATOM
Combine Lose/gain
to form electrons to form
MOLECULES IONS
➢ Formation
➢ Chemical formula and
models
Discussion ➢ Nomenclature
Covalent/molecular Compounds
-formed by equal sharing of
electrons from both the
participating atoms
Octet Rule
-principle of attaining the
maximum of eight
electrons in the valence
shell
Bonding Pair/Shared pair
-Pair of electrons
participating in covalent
bond
Covalent Bonding
Sharing of
electrons
Covalent Bonding
Single Bond
Covalent Bonding
Double Bond
Covalent Bonding
Triple Bond
Covalent Bonding
Triple Bond
Difference Between Ionic and Covalent Bond
Covalent Bonds Ionic Bonds
Formed between two similar Formed between a metal and non-
electronegative non-metals metal
Bonds formed from covalent Ionic Bonds have No definite shape
bonding have a Definite shape
Low Melting Point and Boiling Point High Melting Point and Boiling Point
Low Polarity and more Flammable High Polarity and less Flammable
Liquid or gaseous state at room Solid state at room temperature
temperature
Examples: Methane Example: Sodium chloride, Sulfuric
Acid
See, Think, Wonder
• What do you see?
• What do you think?
• What makes you wonder?
REPRESENTING MOLECULES
Molecular Formula
-gives the composition of the
molecule, in terms of the actual
number of atoms present
REPRESENTING MOLECULES
Empirical Formula
-gives the composition of the
molecule, in terms of the smallest
ratio of the number of atoms present
REPRESENTING MOLECULES
Structural Formula
-provides an idea of how the atoms
in the molecule or the compound are
arranged along with their bond
formations
See, Think, Wonder
• What do
you see?
• What do
you think?
• What
makes you
wonder?
Common Molecular Models
Molecular Model Advantage Disadvantage
Lewis Dot Structure Shows bonding and Larger molecules can
(LeDS) non-bonding electrons become crowded and
confusing
Ball-and-Stick Model Shows 3 dimensional Identification require a
arrangement of atoms key color of
and bonds representation
Space Fill Model Shows 3 dimensional Bonding between
arrangement as well atoms can sometimes
as size relationships too difficult to
between atoms distinguish
Space Fill
LeDs Model
Ball & Stick
Model
BINARY COVALENT/MOLECULAR
COMPOUNDS
➢ Binary-2
➢ Molecular- 2 non-metals
➢ No ionic charges involved
Prefixes
Mono (or no prefix) – 1 Hexa – 6
Di – 2 Hepta – 7
Tri – 3 Octa – 8
Tetra – 4 Nona – 9
Penta – 5 Deca – 10
FORMULA OF BINARY COVALENT
COMPOUNDS
Rule
1. Write the symbol of the first non-metal
element followed by the second element
2. Use numerical subscript if there is more
than 1 of a particular atom
Example
Sulfur trioxide

S O3
SO3
Example
Diphosphorus pentoxide

P2 O5
P2O5
Rule Binary Covalent Compound
➢First word: least electronegative non-metal
➢Second word: more electronegative non-
metal
➢Prefixes-used to denote quantity of each
element
❑(prefix + element root + ide)
Rule Binary Covalent Compound
➢ If there is only one of the first element do not
put mono
e.g.: carbon monoxide (not monocarbon
monoxide)
➢ If the nonmetal starts with a vowel, drop the
vowel ending from all prefixes except di and tri
e.g. monoxide not monooxide
tetroxide not tetraoxide
Example
N2O5

di nitrogen penta oxide


Dinitrogen pentoxide
Example
CCl4

Carbon tetrachloride
Try
•Give the chemical • Give the chemical
formula of the following: name of the following:
1. Sulfur tetrachloride 1. NCl3
2. Selenium hexafluoride 2. H2S
3. Dinitrogen pentoxide 3. PCl5
➢Chemical formula
➢Nomenclature
Discussion
BINARY ACID
➢is an acid that consists of hydrogen and one
other element.
Rule
hydro-base name of the anion-ic + acid
hydro-base name of the anion-ic + acid
Example
HCl(aq)
-
Cl - Chloride ion

hydrochloric acid
hydro-base name of the anion-ic + acid
Example
HBr(aq)
-
Br - Bromide ion

hydrobromic acid
hydro-base name of the anion-ic + acid
Let’s try!
HF(aq)

hydrofluoric acid
hydro-base name of the anion-ic + acid
Let’s try!
HI(aq)

hydroiodic acid
OXYACID
➢acid that consists of hydrogen, oxygen, and a third
element.
Rule
1. Oxyacid with –ite ending
Base name of oxyanion –ous + acid
e.g. H2SO3(aq)
SO32- Sulfite ion
sulfurous acid
OXYACID
Rule
2. Oxyacid with –ate ending
Base name of oxyanion –ic + acid
e.g. H4PO4(aq)

PO43- Phosphate ion


Phosphoric acid
OXYACID
Rule
3. Oxyacid containing polyatomic ion with extra oxygen
per-base name of oxyanion –ic + acid
e.g. HClO4(aq)

ClO4- perchlorate ion


perchloric acid
OXYACID
Rule
4. Oxyacid containing polyatomic ion with less
oxygen
hypo-base name of oxyanion –ous + acid
e.g. HClO(aq)

ClO- hypochlorite ion


hypochlorous acid
Chemical Formula
Criss Cross Method
Example: Hydrosulfuric acid
1+ 2-
H S
H2S
Chemical Formula
Criss Cross Method
Example: Sulfuric Acid
1+ 2-
H SO4
H2SO4
Base
•Strong bases with “-OH” (hydroxide)
groups- named like ionic
compounds.
•Weak bases - named like molecular
compounds or organic compounds.
Naming Bases Examples

NaOH
Sodium Hydroxide

Potassium Hydroxide
KOH
Writing Chemical Formula of Base
Examples
Lithium Hydroxide
LiOH

Iron (III) Hydroxide


Fe (OH)3
NOW ACCEPTING
QUESTIONS
Thank you!

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