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Basic of 'Calculus'

Calculus is a branch of mathematics that deals with continuous change, such as velocity as a function of time. The two major concepts in calculus are derivatives and integrals. Derivatives measure the rate of change of a function, while integrals measure the area under a curve. Calculus includes two main branches - differential calculus deals with derivatives, and integral calculus deals with integrals. Both concepts are based on the idea of limits and functions.

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137 views

Basic of 'Calculus'

Calculus is a branch of mathematics that deals with continuous change, such as velocity as a function of time. The two major concepts in calculus are derivatives and integrals. Derivatives measure the rate of change of a function, while integrals measure the area under a curve. Calculus includes two main branches - differential calculus deals with derivatives, and integral calculus deals with integrals. Both concepts are based on the idea of limits and functions.

Uploaded by

Jazib Asghar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATHEMATICS

Notes on Basics of
CALCULUS
Calculus is the branch of mathematics that deals with continuous change. Calculus is
also called infinitesimal calculus or “the calculus of infinitesimals”. The meaning of
classical calculus is the study of continuous change of functions. Most of these
quantities are the functions of time such as velocity is equal to change in distance with
respect to time. The two major concepts of calculus are: 
.Derivative
.Integrals
The derivative is the measure of the rate of change of a function whereas integral is the
measure of the area under the curve. The derivative explains the function at a specific
point while the integral accumulates the discrete values of a function over a range of
values.

Calculus Definition
Calculus, a branch of Mathematics, developed by Newton and Leibniz, deals with the
study of the rate of change. Calculus Math is generally used in Mathematical models to
obtain optimal solutions. It helps us to understand the changes between the values
which are related by a function. Calculus Math mainly focused on some important
topics such as differentiation, integration, limits, functions, and so on.
Calculus Mathematics is broadly classified into two different such:
 Differential Calculus
 Integral Calculus
Both the differential and integral calculus deals with the impact on the function of a
slight change in the independent variable as it leads to zero. Both differential and
integral calculus serves as a foundation for the higher branch of Mathematics known as
“Analysis”. Calculus Mathematics plays a vital role in modern Physics as well as in
Science and technology.
Basic Calculus
Basic Calculus is the study of differentiation and integration. Both concepts are based
on the idea of limits and functions. Some concepts, like continuity, exponents, are
the foundation of advanced calculus. Basic calculus explains about the two different
types of calculus called “Differential Calculus” and “Integral Calculus”. Differential
Calculus helps to find the rate of change of a quantity, whereas integral calculus helps
to find the quantity when the rate of change is known.

Limits
The degree of closeness to any value or the approaching term. A limit is normally
expressed using the limit formula as-
limx→cf(x)=A

It is read as “the limit of f of x as x approaches c equals A”.

Derivatives
Instantaneous rate of change of a quantity with respect to the other. The derivative of a
function is represented as:
limx→hf(x+h)−f(x)h=A

Integration
Integration is the reciprocal of differentiation. As differentiation can be understood as
dividing a part into many small parts, integration can be said as a collection of small
parts in order to form a whole. It is generally used for calculating areas.

Definite Integral
A definite integral has a specific boundary within which function needs to be calculated.
The lower limit and upper limit of the independent variable of a function is specified; its
integration is described using definite integrals. A definite integral is denoted as:
∫ab

f(x).dx = F(x)
Indefinite Integral
An indefinite integral does not have a specific boundary, i.e. no upper and lower limit is
defined. Thus the integration value is always accompanied by a constant value (C). It is
denoted as:
∫

f(x).dx = F(x) + C

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