VECTOR CALCULUS

CHAPTER 1
 LEARNING OUTCOME (LO)
2

At the end of this chapter, the students should be able

1. to introduce the concept of vector field

2. to introduce two new kind of integral
3. to apply Green’s Theorem, Divergence Theorem and Stokes’
Theorem in engineering
 SUBTOPICS
3

1. Vector fields
2. Line integral
3. Green’s theorem
4. Curl and divergence
5. Parametric surfaces and its areas
6. Surface integrals
7. Stoke’s theorem
8. Divergence theorem
 3.1 VECTOR FIELDS
4

A vector field on ℝ2 is a A vector field on ℝ3 is a

function 𝐅 that assigns to function 𝐅 that assigns to
each point 𝑥, 𝑦 in a two- each point 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 in a
dimensional vector 𝐅 𝑥, 𝑦 . three-dimensional vector
𝐅 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 .

3.1 VECTOR FIELDS

 3.1 VECTOR FIELDS
5

A vector field on ℝ2 :

𝐅 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑃 𝑥, 𝑦 𝐢 + 𝑄 𝑥, 𝑦 𝐣
= 𝑃𝐢 + 𝑄𝐣

A vector field on ℝ3 :

𝐅 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 𝑃 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 𝐢 + 𝑄 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 𝐣 + 𝑅 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 𝐤
= 𝑃𝐢 + 𝑄𝐣 + 𝑅𝐤

3.1 VECTOR FIELDS

 EXAMPLE 1
6

Sketch the vector field 𝐅 𝑥, 𝑦 = −𝑦𝐢 + 𝑥𝐣 on ℝ2 .

𝒙, 𝒚 𝐅 𝒙, 𝒚
𝟏, 𝟎 𝟎, 𝟏
𝟐, 𝟐 −𝟐, 𝟐
𝟑, 𝟎 𝟎, 𝟑
𝟎, 𝟏 −𝟏, 𝟎
−𝟐, 𝟐 −𝟐, −𝟐
𝟎, 𝟑 −𝟑, 𝟎
−𝟏, 𝟎 𝟎, −𝟏
−𝟐, −𝟐 𝟐, −𝟐
−𝟑, 𝟎 𝟎, −𝟑
𝟎, −𝟏 𝟏, 𝟎
𝟐, −𝟐 𝟐, 𝟐
𝟎, −𝟑 𝟑, 𝟎

3.1 VECTOR FIELDS

 EXAMPLE 2
7

Match the vector fields 𝐅 with

the plots labeled I − IV.

(a) 𝐅 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑦, 𝑥

(b) 𝐅 𝑥, 𝑦 = 1, sin 𝑦

(c) 𝐅 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 2, 𝑥 + 1

1
(d) 𝐅 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑦,
𝑥

3.1 VECTOR FIELDS

 EXAMPLE 3
8

1
Sketch separately the vector field 𝐅 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝐢+𝐣 and
2
1
𝐆 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑦𝐢 + 𝐣 on ℝ2 .
2

3.1 VECTOR FIELDS

 GRADIENT VECTOR FIELDS
9

If 𝑓 is a scalar function of two variables, then its gradient vector

field on ℝ2 is defined by

𝛻𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 𝑥, 𝑦 𝐢 + 𝑓𝑦 𝑥, 𝑦 𝐣

If 𝑓 is a scalar function of three variables, then its gradient vector

field on ℝ3 is defined by

𝛻𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑥 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 𝐢 + 𝑓𝑦 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 𝐣 +𝑓𝑧 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 𝐤

3.1 VECTOR FIELDS

 EXAMPLE 4
10

Find the gradient vector field of 𝑓.

(a) 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑦 3

(b) 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 = ln 𝑥 + 2𝑦

(c) 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥 + 3𝑥𝑦𝑧 + 4𝑥𝑧

(d) 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 𝑧𝑒 −𝑥𝑦

VECTOR FIELDS
 PARAMETRIC EQUATIONS
11

Given 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 and 𝑥 = 𝑔 𝑦 . Then parametric equations

is defining 𝑥 and 𝑦 in terms of a third variable, 𝑡.
 LINE INTEGRALS ON ℝ𝟐
12

The line integral of 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) along 𝐶 with respect to arc length:

𝑏 2 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
න 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝑠 = න 𝑓 𝑥 𝑡 , 𝑦 𝑡 + 𝑑𝑡
𝐶 𝑎 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

where 𝐶 is a smooth curve given by the parametric equations:

𝑥=𝑥 𝑡 𝑦=𝑦 𝑡
and 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) is a continuous function over 𝐶.

LINE INTEGRALS
 LINE INTEGRALS ON ℝ𝟑
13

The line integral of 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) along 𝐶 with respect to arc length:

න 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 𝑑𝑠
𝐶
𝑏 2 2 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
= න 𝑓 𝑥 𝑡 , 𝑦 𝑡 , 𝑧(𝑡 ) + + 𝑑𝑡
𝑎 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
where 𝐶 is a smooth curve given by the parametric equations:
𝑥=𝑥 𝑡 𝑦=𝑦 𝑡 𝑧=𝑧 𝑡
and 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) is a continuous function over 𝐶.
LINE INTEGRALS
 LINE INTEGRALS ON ℝ𝟐
14

The line integral of 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) along 𝐶 with respect to 𝑥 or/and 𝑦 :

𝑏
න 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑓 𝑥 𝑡 , 𝑦 𝑡 𝑥′ 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝐶 𝑎
𝑏
න 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = න 𝑓 𝑥 𝑡 , 𝑦 𝑡 𝑦′ 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝐶 𝑎

where 𝐶 is a smooth curve given by the parametric equations:

𝑥=𝑥 𝑡 𝑦=𝑦 𝑡
and 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) is a continuous function over 𝐶.
LINE INTEGRALS
 EXAMPLE 5
15

a) Evaluate ‫ 𝑦 𝐶׬‬sin 𝑧 𝑑𝑠 , where 𝐶 given by the equation

𝑥 = cos 𝑡, 𝑦 = sin 𝑡 and 𝑧 = 𝑡 for 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 2𝜋.
b) Evaluate ‫ 𝐶׬‬2 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑠, where 𝐶 is the upper half of the unit
circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1.
c) Evaluate ‫ 𝐶׬‬2𝑥 𝑑𝑠, where 𝐶 consists of the arc 𝐶1 of the
parabola 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 from 0,0 to (1,1) followed by the vertical
line segment 𝐶2 from 1,1 to (1,2).
d) Evaluate ‫ 𝑥𝑑 𝑦 𝐶׬‬+ 𝑧 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑥 dz, where 𝐶 consists of the line
segment 𝐶1 from 2,0,0 to (3,4,5) followed by the vertical
line segment 𝐶2 from (3,4,5) to (3,4,0)
3.2 LINE INTEGRALS
 LINE INTEGRALS IN VECTOR FIELD
16

Let the 𝐅 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑃 𝑥, 𝑦 𝐢 + 𝑄 𝑥, 𝑦 𝐣 be a continuous vector field

defined on a smooth curve 𝐶 given by a vector function
𝐫 𝑡 = 𝑥 𝑡 𝐢 + 𝑦 𝑡 𝐣 for 𝑎 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 𝑏 . Then the line integral of 𝐅
along 𝐶 is

𝑏
න 𝐅 ∙ 𝑑𝐫 = න 𝐅 𝐫 𝑡 ∙ 𝐫′(𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 = න 𝐅 ∙ 𝐓 𝑑𝑠
𝐶 𝑎 𝐶

LINE INTEGRALS
 EXAMPLE 6
17

a) Evaluate ‫𝐫𝑑 ∙ 𝐅 𝐶׬‬, where 𝐅 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 𝑥𝑦𝐢 + 𝑦𝑧𝐣 + 𝑥𝑧𝐤 and 𝐶 is

the twisted cubic given by 𝑥 = 𝑡, 𝑦 = 𝑡 2 , 𝑧 = 𝑡 3 for 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 1.
b) Evaluate ‫𝐫𝑑 ∙ 𝐅 𝐶׬‬, where 𝐅 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 𝑥𝑧𝐢 − 𝑦𝑧𝐤 and 𝐶 is the
line segment from (−1,2,0) to 3,0,1 .
c) Find the work done by the force field 𝐅 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝐢 − 𝑥𝑦𝐣 in
moving a particle along the quarter-circle 𝐫 𝑡 = cos 𝑡 𝐢 + sin 𝑡 𝐣,
𝜋
for 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ .
2

LINE INTEGRALS
 GREEN’S THEOREM
18

Let 𝐶 be a positively oriented, piecewise-smooth, simple closed

curve in the plane and let 𝐷 be the region bounded by 𝐶. If the
functions 𝑃 and 𝑄 have continuous partial derivatives on an open
region that contains 𝐷, then
𝛿𝑄 𝛿𝑃
ර 𝑃 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑄 𝑑𝑦 = ඵ − 𝑑𝐴
𝛿𝑥 𝛿𝑦
𝐶 𝐷
OR
𝛿𝑃 𝛿𝑄
ර 𝑃 𝑑𝑦 − 𝑄 𝑑𝑥 = ඵ − 𝑑𝐴
𝐶 𝛿𝑥 𝛿𝑦
𝐷

GREEN’S THEOREM
 EXAMPLE 7
19

a) Evaluate ‫ 𝑥 𝐶׬‬4 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦, where 𝐶 is the triangular curve

consisting of the line segments from (0,0) to (1,0), from
(1,0) to (0,1), and from (0,1) to (0,0) .

b) Evaluate ‫( 𝐶ׯ‬3𝑦 − 𝑒 sin 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 + (7𝑥 + 𝑦 4 + 1) 𝑑𝑦, where 𝐶

is the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 9.

c) Evaluate ‫ 𝑦 𝐶ׯ‬2 𝑑𝑥 + 3𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦, where 𝐶 is the boundary of the

semiannular region 𝐷 in the upper half-plane between the
circles 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1 and 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 4.
GREEN’S THEOREM
 CURL AND DIVERGENCE
20

Curl
If 𝐅 = 𝑃𝐢 + 𝑄𝐣 + 𝑅𝐤 is a vector field on ℝ3 and the partial
derivatives of 𝑃, 𝑄, and 𝑅 all exist, then the curl of 𝐅 is the
vector field on ℝ3 defined by

𝛿𝑅 𝛿𝑄 𝛿𝑃 𝛿𝑅 𝛿𝑄 𝛿𝑃
curl 𝐅 = − 𝐢+ − 𝐣+ − 𝐤
𝛿𝑦 𝛿𝑧 𝛿𝑧 𝛿𝑥 𝛿𝑥 𝛿𝑦
𝐢 𝐣 𝐤
𝛿 𝛿 𝛿
= =𝛁×𝐅
𝛿𝑥 𝛿𝑦 𝛿𝑧
𝑷 𝑸 𝑹

CURL AND DIVERGENCE

 EXAMPLE 8
21

a) If 𝐅 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 𝑥𝑧𝐢 + 𝑥𝑦𝑧𝐣 − 𝑦 2 𝐤, find curl 𝐅.

b) If 𝐅 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 𝐢 + 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑧 𝐣 + 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑧 𝐤, find curl 𝐅.

c) If 𝐅 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑦 𝐢 + 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑦 𝐣 + 𝑧𝐤, find curl 𝐅.

CURL AND DIVERGENCE

 CURL AND DIVERGENCE
22

DIVERGENCE

If 𝐅 = 𝑃𝐢 + 𝑄𝐣 + 𝑅𝐤 is a vector field on ℝ3 and the partial

derivatives of 𝑃, 𝑄, and 𝑅 all exist, then the divergence of 𝐅 is
the function of three variables defined by

𝛿𝑃 𝛿𝑄 𝛿𝑅
div 𝐅 = + + =𝛁∙𝐅
𝛿𝑥 𝛿𝑦 𝛿𝑧

CURL AND DIVERGENCE

 EXAMPLE 9
23

a) If 𝐅 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 𝑥𝑧𝐢 + 𝑥𝑦𝑧𝐣 − 𝑦 2 𝐤, find div 𝐅.

b) If 𝐅 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 𝐢 + 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑧 𝐣 + 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑧 𝐤, find div 𝐅.

c) If 𝐅 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑦 𝐢 + 𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑦 𝐣 + 𝑧𝐤, find div 𝐅.

CURL AND DIVERGENCE

 PARAMETRIC SURFACES AND THEIR AREA
24

Parametric Surface

PARAMETRIC SURFACES AND THEIR AREA

 PARAMETRIC SURFACES AND THEIR AREA
25

Suppose that 𝐫 𝑢, 𝑣 = 𝑥 𝑢, 𝑣 𝐢 + 𝑦 𝑢, 𝑣 𝐣 + 𝑧 𝑢, 𝑣 𝐤 is a
vector-valued function defined on a region 𝐷 in the 𝑢𝑣 −plane.

Parametric Equations
𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑢, 𝑣 𝑦 = 𝑦 𝑢, 𝑣 𝑧 = 𝑧(𝑢, 𝑣)

Parametric Surface
The set of all points (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) in ℝ3 and (𝑢, 𝑣) varies throughout
𝐷

PARAMETRIC SURFACES AND THEIR AREA

 EXAMPLE 10
26

Find a parametric representations for each surfaces:

a) The elliptic paraboloid 𝑥 = 5𝑦 2 + 2𝑧 2 − 10.

b) The sphere 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 30.

c) The cylinder 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 4.

d) The elliptic paraboloid 𝑧 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 .

PARAMETRIC SURFACES AND THEIR AREA

 SURFACE AREA
27

If a smooth parametric surface 𝑆 is given by the equation

𝐫 𝑢, 𝑣 = 𝑥 𝑢, 𝑣 𝐢 + 𝑦 𝑢, 𝑣 𝐣 + 𝑧 𝑢, 𝑣 𝐤

and 𝑆 is covered just once as (𝑢, 𝑣) ranges throughout the

parameter domain 𝐷, then the surface area of 𝑆 is

𝐴 𝑆 = ඵ 𝑟𝑢 × 𝑟𝑣 𝑑𝐴
𝐷
where
𝛿𝑥 𝛿𝑦 𝛿𝑧 𝛿𝑥 𝛿𝑦 𝛿𝑧
𝑟𝑢 = 𝐢+ 𝐣+ 𝐤 𝑟𝑣 = 𝐢+ 𝐣+ 𝐤
𝛿𝑢 𝛿𝑢 𝛿𝑢 𝛿𝑣 𝛿𝑣 𝛿𝑣
PARAMETRIC SURFACES AND THEIR AREA
 EXAMPLE 11
28

a) Find a surface area of a cone 𝑧 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2.

b) Find a surface area of a sphere 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 1.

c) Find the area of the part of the paraboloid 𝑧 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 that

lies under the plane 𝑧 = 9.

PARAMETRIC SURFACES AND THEIR AREA

 SURFACE INTEGRALS
29

Given a surface 𝑆 is given by 𝑧 = 𝑔(𝑥, 𝑦). Then the surface integral is

2 2
𝑑𝑔 𝑑𝑔
ඵ 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 𝑑𝑆 = ඵ 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑔(𝑥, 𝑦) + + 1 𝑑𝐴
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑆 𝐷

Given a surface 𝑆 has a vector equation 𝐫 𝑢, 𝑣 = 𝑥 𝑢, 𝑣 𝐢 + 𝑦 𝑢, 𝑣 𝐣 +

𝑧 𝑢, 𝑣 𝐤 and 𝑢, 𝑣 ∈ 𝐷. Then the surface integral is

ඵ 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 𝑑𝑆 = ඵ 𝑓 𝐫 𝑢, 𝑣 𝑟𝑢 × 𝑟𝑣 𝑑𝐴
𝑆 𝐷

SURFACE INTEGRAL
 EXAMPLE 12
30

a) Evaluate the surface integral ‫𝑆𝑑 𝑧𝑥 𝑠׭‬, where 𝑆 is is the part

of the plane 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1 that lies in the first octant.
b) Evaluate ‫𝑆𝑑 𝑦 𝑠׭‬, where 𝑆 is the portion of cylinder 𝑥 2 +
𝑦 2 = 3 that lies between 𝑧 = 0 and 𝑧 = 6.
c) Compute the surface integral ‫𝑆𝑑 𝑧 𝑠׭‬, where 𝑆 is the
upper half of a sphere of radius 2.
d) Compute the surface integral ‫ 𝑥 𝑠׭‬2 𝑑𝑆, where 𝑆 is the unit
sphere 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 1.

SURFACE INTEGRAL
 SURFACE INTEGRAL OF VECTOR FIELD
31

If F is a continuous vector field defined on an oriented surface 𝑆

with unit normal vector n, then the surface integral of F over 𝑆 is

𝑟𝑢 × 𝑟𝑣
ඵ 𝐅 ∙ 𝑑𝐒 = ඵ 𝐅 ∙ 𝐧 𝑑𝑆 where 𝐧 =
𝑟𝑢 × 𝑟𝑣
𝑆 𝑆
or
𝛿𝑔 𝛿𝑔
ඵ 𝐅 ∙ 𝑑𝑆 = ඵ 𝐅 ∙ 𝑟𝑢 × 𝑟𝑣 𝑑𝐴 = ඵ −𝑃 −𝑄 + 𝑅 𝑑𝐴
𝛿𝑥 𝛿𝑦
𝑆 𝐷 𝐷
This integral is also called the flux of F across 𝑆.

SURFACE INTEGRAL
 EXAMPLE 13
32

a) Find the flux of the vector field

𝐅 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 𝑦𝑧𝐢 + 𝑥𝐣 − 𝑧 2 𝐤
through the parabolic cylinder 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1 and
0 ≤ 𝑧 ≤ 4.

b) Find the flux of the vector field

𝐅 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 𝑧𝐢 + 𝑦𝐣 + 𝑥𝐤
across the unit sphere 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 1.

SURFACE INTEGRAL
 STOKES’ THEOREM
33

Let 𝑆 be an oriented piecewise-smooth surface that is bounded

by a simple, closed, piecewise-smooth boundary curve 𝐶 with
positive orientation. Let 𝐅 be a vector field whose components
have continuous partial derivatives on an open region in ℝ3
that contains 𝑆. Then

න 𝐅 ∙ 𝑑𝐫 = ඵ 𝛁 × 𝐅 ∙ 𝐧 𝑑𝐒 = ඵ curl 𝐅 𝑑𝐒
𝐶
𝑆 𝑆

SURFACE INTEGRAL
 EXAMPLE 14
34

a) Evaluate ‫𝐫𝑑 ∙ 𝐅 𝐶׬‬, where 𝐅 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = −𝑦 2 𝐢 + 𝑥𝐣 + 𝑧 2 𝐤

and 𝐶 is the curve of the cylinder 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1.

SURFACE INTEGRAL
 EXAMPLE 15
35

b) Use Stokes’ Theorem to compute the integral

‫ 𝑆׭‬curl 𝐅 𝑑𝐒, where 𝐅 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 𝑥𝑧𝐢 + 𝑦𝑧𝐣 + 𝑥𝑦𝐤 and 𝑆
is the part of the sphere 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 4 that lies inside
the cylinder 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1 and above the 𝑥𝑦 −plane.

SURFACE INTEGRAL
 DIVERGENCE THEOREM
36

Let 𝐸 be a simple solid region and let 𝑆 be the boundary

surface of 𝐸, given with positive (outward) orientation. Let
𝐅 be a vector field whose component functions have continuous
partial derivatives on an open region
that contains 𝐸. Then

ඵ 𝐅 ∙ 𝑑𝐒 = ම div 𝐅 𝑑𝑉
𝑆 𝐸

SURFACE INTEGRAL
 EXAMPLE 16
37

a) Use the Divergence Theorem to find the outward flux of the

vector field 𝐅 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 2𝑥𝐢 + 3𝑦𝐣 + 𝑧 2 𝐤 across the unit cube.

b) Use the Divergence Theorem to find the outward flux of the

vector field 𝐅 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 𝑥 3 𝐢 + 𝑦 3 𝐣 + 𝑧 2 𝐤 across the surface of the
region that is enclosed by the circular cylinder 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 9 and the
planes 𝑧 = 0 and 𝑧 = 2.

SURFACE INTEGRAL
 EXAMPLE 17
38

a) Find the flux of the vector field 𝐅 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 𝑧𝐢 + 𝑦𝐣 + 𝑥𝐤

across the unit sphere 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 1.

b) Evaluate ‫𝐒𝑑 𝐅 𝑆׭‬, where

2
𝐅 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 = 𝑥𝑦𝐢 + 𝑦2 + 𝑒 𝑥𝑧
𝐣 + sin 𝑥𝑦 𝐤
and 𝑆 is the surface of the region 𝐸 bounded by the
parabolic cylinder 𝑧 = 1 − 𝑥 2 and the planes 𝑧 = 0, 𝑦 = 0,
and 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 2.

SURFACE INTEGRAL
 REFERENCES
39

1. Calculus, James Stewart (2008).