NEwtonCenter LS Exam1

Subject: Physics
70747502
Class: Grade 12 LS
Duration: 90 minutes Newton Center

A Huge thanks to Mr Hussein Fneish Manager: Haidar Mokdad
EXERCISE 1 (7 POINTS) MECHANICAL ENERGY AND COLLISION

A small spherical ball (S1), taken as a particle of mass m1 = 0.2kg, is connected to the end of an inextensible
string of negligible mass and length L. The other end of the string is fixed at point O. Initially, the string is
stretched in a horizontal position and (S1) is launched from point A with a vertically downwards velocity vector
of magnitude 𝑉𝐴 = 3𝑚/𝑠 as shown in document 1.
A O
L
(S1) (S2)
𝒙′ 𝒙
𝒊Ԧ B C
Doc.1
When (S1) passes through its equilibrium position at point B with a velocity 𝑉 ⃗Ԧ1 = 6𝑖Ԧ (m/s), it enters into a head-
on elastic collision with another small spherical ball (S2) taken as a particle of mass m2 and initially at rest on a
horizontal plane BC.
Neglect air resistance and take g = 10m/s2.
The horizontal plane passing through BC is taken as a gravitational potential energy reference.
1- The mechanical energy of the system{(S1), earth} is conserved while moving from A to B. Why?
2- Show that the length of the spring is L = 135cm.
⃗Ԧ1′ = −2𝑖Ԧ [𝑚/𝑠]
3- The velocity of (S1) just after collision is 𝑉
3.1- Name the physical quantities that are conserved during this collision.
3.2- Using the preceding laws of conservation, show that:
2
𝑚2 × 𝑉 ′ 2 = 1.6 and 𝑚2 × 𝑉 ′ 2 = 6.4
3.3- Deduce that 𝑉 ⃗Ԧ2′ = 4𝑖Ԧ [𝑚/𝑠] and m2 = 0.4kg.
⃗Ԧ2′ at the instant t = 0s and moves along BC
4- Just after the collision, (S2) leaves point B with the velocity 𝑉
where it reaches C with a velocity 𝑉 ⃗Ԧ = 2𝑖Ԧ [𝑚/𝑠]
4.1- Calculate the mechanical energy of the system [(S2); Earth] at the points B and C.
4.2- Show that (S2) is subjected to a frictional force 𝑓Ԧ assumed constant along BC.
4.3- The expression, as a function of time, of the linear momentum of (S2) along BC is given by one
of the following :
(A) 𝑃⃗Ԧ = (+1.25𝑡 + 1.6)𝑖Ԧ [𝑆𝐼] (B) 𝑃⃗Ԧ = (−1.25𝑡 + 1.6)𝑖Ԧ [𝑆𝐼] (C) 𝑃⃗Ԧ = (−1.25𝑡)𝑖Ԧ [𝑆𝐼].
4.3.1- Determine the linear momentum ⃗⃗⃗⃗Ԧ

𝑃𝐵 of (S2) at point B.
4.3.2- Deduce that the expression (C ) is wrong.
4.3.3- Among the two expressions (A) and (B),choose, with justification, the correct one.
4.3.4- Show, by applying Newton’s 2nd law, that the magnitude of 𝑓Ԧ is 𝑓 = 1.25𝑁.
4.4- Calculate the distance BC.
1
EXERCISE 2 (7 POINTS) Charging of a capacitor
The aim of this exercise is to determine the minimum duration

needed for a capacitor to feed an electronic flash later
capacitance of a capacitor. To do this, we connect the circuit P K A
shown in document 2. This circuit is formed of: +
- an ideal generator of constant emf E, q
𝒊 C
- a capacitor of capacitance C,
- a resistor of resistance R1 = 100 + B
E -
- connecting wires of negligible resistance.
The capacitor is being initially uncharged, we turn K to position R1
(1) the instant t0 = 0s. At the instant t, the armature A of the
capacitor has a charge 𝑞 and the circuit carries a current 𝑖. N M
Doc.2
Using a convenient apparatus, we display the variation
𝑑𝑞
of 𝑑𝑡 as a function of 𝑞. We obtain the graph shown in
𝒅𝒒
document 3. [𝒎𝑪/𝒔]
𝒅𝒕 Doc.3
120
1- Establish the following equation:
𝑑𝑞 1 𝐸
= − 𝑞 + 90
𝑑𝑡 𝑅 𝐶1 𝑅 1
𝑡
−
2- Show that 𝑞 = 𝐶𝐸 (1 − 𝑒 𝜏1 ) where 𝜏1 = 𝑅1 𝐶 60
is a solution of this equation.
3- Show that the shape of the graph represented in 30
document 3 is in agreement with the equation 𝒒 [𝒎𝑪]
obtained in part (1). 0 15 30 45 60
4- Determine the values of E and C.
5- What does 𝜏1 represent? Calculate its value.
6- Trace the shape of the curve representing the variation of q as function of time.
7- Show that the expression of the voltage 𝑈𝐶 of the capacitor as function of time is
𝑈𝑐 = 12(1 − 𝑒 −2𝑡 ).
8- During charging process, the minimum electric energy needed to be stored in the capacitor in
order to feed the flash later is 90 mJ.
8.1- Calculate the value 𝑈1 of 𝑈𝑐 when the energy stored in the capacitor becomes 90 mJ.
8.2- Deduce the minimum duration 𝑡1 taken by the capacitor to store the electric energy
needed to feed the flash.
8.3 Calculate the average electric power consumed by the capacitor between t=0 and 𝑡1 .
2
EXERCISE 3 (6 POINTS) DETERMINATION OF THE WAVELENGTH OF A LASER BEAM
A helium-neon (He-Ne) laser beam of wavelength λ in air illuminates under normal incidence a slit of
adjustable width 𝑎 cut in an opaque screen (P). An observation screen (E) is placed at a distance D = 2m from
(P). The aim of this exercise is to determine, using two methods, the value of λ.
y
(E)
(P)
Laser
θ1
source
x
D
Doc.4
1- Copy and complete the sentence below.
The phenomenon observed on the screen (E) is called _____________. It shows the evidence of the
____________ aspect of the light.
2- Describe the aspect of the diffraction pattern observed on the screen
3- Determine the expression of the angle of diffraction θ1 corresponding to first dark fringe in terms of λ
and 𝑎.
4- Choose, with justification, the correct answer.
The expression of the width of the central bight fringes is:
2𝜆𝐷 𝜆𝐷 𝜆𝐷 𝜆𝑎
(a) 𝐿 = 𝑎 (b) 𝐿 = 𝑎 (c) 𝐿 = 2𝑎 (d) 𝐿 = 2𝐷
5- For 𝑎 = 0.2𝑚𝑚 we obtain the pattern represented in document 5.
Determine the value of L; then, deduce λ.
3cm
Doc.5
θ1 (10-2 rad)
6- Calculate the distance separating the centers of the first dark fringe 2
and the third dark fringe on the same side of the central fringe. 1.5
7- We adjust the width 𝑎 of the slit. Using a convenient apparatus we
1 1
record the variation of θ1 as a function of 𝑎. This variation is 𝟏
0.5 (104m-1)
represented in the graph of document 6. 𝒂
7.1- Show that the shape of the graph is in agreement with the 0 1 2 3 4
expression of θ1. Doc. 6
7.2- Deduce again the value of λ.
8- We approach the screen (E) a distance d towards the slit from its
initial position. (Take 𝑎 = 0.2𝑚𝑚 )
8.1- The angular width of the central bright fringe would not vary.
Justify?
8.2- The new linear width of the central bright fringe becomes
𝐿’ = 0.75𝑐𝑚, calculate d.

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Subject: Physics

Duration: 90 minutes Newton Center

EXERCISE 1 (7 POINTS) MECHANICAL ENERGY AND COLLISION

4.3.1- Determine the linear momentum ⃗⃗⃗⃗Ԧ

The aim of this exercise is to determine the minimum duration

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