Jurnal Education (JES) CRITICAL PEDAGOGY IN THE DIGITAL ERA

Volume 10, No. 1 1AGUS SYABARUDDIN, 2IMAMUDIN, 3MARLINA SAPTARIANA,

1Postgraduate, Universitas Bina Bangsa
April, 2023 2Elementary School Teacher Education, Universitas Bina Bangsa
3Teacher Prefessional Education, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
Submit :10 Maret 2023
agus.syabaruddin@binabangsa.ac.id, imamudin@binabangsa.ac.id,
Accepted : 10 April 2023 ppg.marlinasaptariana63@program.belajar.id

Abstract
In the 4.0 industrial revolution, the world of education has taken advantage of developing technology. In
this case, pedagogy which is the science of educating, play an important role. Therefore, this study was
conducted to find out more about role of pedagogy. This research was conducted through literature review
research methods. In fact, in this digital era, there is a gap. Namely that students are more adept at
adapting technology compared to educators, this is what makes educators have to study, master, and adapt
technology, especially in the teaching and learning process takes place while understanding students in
this era. Critical pedagogy will develop and apply critical theoretical concepts in education and cultural
studies. Critical pedagogy aims to help students lead meaningful lives by maximizing insight and
developing moral sensitivy in applying social conditions in Indonesia and developing their thinking
towards open, fair, and free social change. Critical pedagogy has an attempt to reduce the tendency of
authoritarian education. Critical pedagogy is also considered to have a profound impact on democratic
progress in this country because it can encourage its citizens to think critically, have board insight, make
judgements, and take responsibility for their actions.
Keyword: Critical pedagogy, Digital Era, Indonesia.

Abstrak

Pada revolusi industri 4.0, dunia pendidikan telah memanfaatkan teknologi yang berkembang.
Dalam hal ini, pedagogik yang merupakan ilmu mendidik pasti ikut berperan penting. Oleh karena
itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut mengenai peran pedagogik. Penelitian
ini dilakukan melalui metode penelitian tinjauan pustaka. Nyatanya, pada era digital ini terdapat
kesenjangan, yaitu para peserta didik sudah lebih mahir mengadaptasi teknologi dibandingkan
dengan para tenaga pendidik, hal inilah yang membuat tenaga pendidik harus lebih mempelajari,
menguasai, dan mengadaptasi teknologi khususnya dalam proses belajar mengajar berlangsung
sembari memahami para peserta didik di era ini. Pedagogi kritis akan mengembangkan serta
menerapkan konsep teori kritis dalam pendidikan dan studi budaya. Pedagogi kritis bertujuan
membantu peserta didik menjalankan hidup yang bermakna dengan memaksimalkan wawasan dan
mengembangkan kepekaan moral dalam menerapkan keadaan sosial di Indonesia dan akan
mengembangkan pemikirannya terhadap perubahan sosial yang terbuka, adil, dan bebas. Pedagogi

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 kritis memiliki upaya untuk mengurangi kecenderungan pendidikan otoriter. Pedagogi kritis juga
dianggap sangat berdampak pada kemajuan berdemokrasi di negara ini karena dapat mendorong
warga negaranya untuk berpikir kritis, berwawasan luas, membuat penilaian, dan bertanggung
jawab atas tindakannya.

Kata Kunci: Pedagogik kritis, Era digital, Indonesia

INTRODUCTION
The Pedagogic Thesaurus (English: pedagogy, Dutch: paedagogiek) comes from two words in
ancient Greek, namely paedos which means child and agogos which means to guide, accompany or lead.
Kartono (1992:55) states: "Pedagogic is the science of educating or the science of education, namely all
knowledge with the auxiliary knowledge needed for educating efforts".
Pedagogic has the role of studying educational phenomena until knowledge is created about
them systematically, in the end a clear understanding of the object of study is obtained. Based on that,
pedagogy will be useful for educators who study it in order to understand educational phenomena
systematically.
According to Setiawardani et al, (2021) critical pedagogy focuses on the teacher's ideas in learning
by placing students as learning centers to gain knowledge, not just how the teacher teaches and
students only listen. Furthermore, Uhar Suharsaputra (2010), stated that critical pedagogy (critical
pedagogy) can be interpreted as education that always questions and criticizes education itself in
fundamental matters about education both at the philosophical, theoretical, system, policy and
implementation levels.
Paulo Freire in his writings: Education as the practice of liberation, Pedagogy on the oppressed,
Pedagogy of the heart, The Politics of Education, Culture, Power, and Liberation explains how
education must be implemented in order to liberate humans from stressful social and educational
situations. and make humans have to accept what is without realizing and criticizing it.

RESEARCH METHODS
This research uses a method by collecting study materials and materials from books, journals,
articles, and other sources related to the title "Critical Pedagogy in the Digital Age". This method is
also known as SLR (Systematic literature review).

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 Systematic literature review or often abbreviated as SLR and in Indonesian it is called a
systematic literature review is a literature review method that identifies, assesses, and interprets all
findings on a research topic, to answer predetermined research questions (Kitchenham & Charters,
2007).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The Role of Pedagogy In The Digital Era
Fundamentally, pedagogy is a science or knowledge and even an art in becoming an educator,
pedagogy refers to a learning style or strategy in the teaching and learning process takes place. An
educator is focused on providing guidance to students according to a good and appropriate strategy.
In this industrial revolution 4.0, the use of technology is not uncommon, especially in the field
of education. Education needs to innovate in order to keep up with the pace of the times and the
demands of needs and in order to equip future generations to welcome new things with possibilities in
the future.
Various technological facilities in education at school institutions or institutions such as LCD or
projector facilities, internet or wifi facilities, use of e-modules, and the existence of digital library
facilities. Various facilities are sought related to the digital era or all-technology. However, in this case
the role of pedagogy needs to be balanced by increasing the competence of educators.
The gap between educators or teachers and students needs to be overcome, why is that? One of
the basic causes of the gap between educators and students in the current era is that educators are
known as the "digital immigrants" generation, while students in the current era are known as "digital
natives".
The meaning of this term can be concluded that the ability to adapt in terms of technology,
students are very capable or proficient in adapting technology in today's era compared to the teaching
staff, therefore, this will cause problems in the world of education, especially hampered in the
application of digitalization in the world of education.
Thus, the role of pedagogy in this digital era is very important, because the role of educators in
the teaching and learning process must be able to understand students according to the current digital
era and likewise educators must be able to master and adapt technology, especially in teaching and
learning process takes place.
Critical pedagogy for Indonesia
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 The basic term critical pedagogy is a philosophy in the field of education and social movements
that develops or adapts and applies critical theory concepts and traditions related to education and
cultural studies. The existence of a critical pedagogy to think critically will guide the condition of the
local community, including with existing social relations.
The critical pedagogical paradigm adopted by educators, namely teachers, is jointly developed
in an institution that will provide fundamental changes. The main goal of critical pedagogy especially
for our country is to help students lead a meaningful life.
With this critical pedagogy, students are guided and educated to have skills or abilities, courage,
and knowledge. At this time, education in Indonesia has lost its ancestral values, therefore the role of
pedagogy for Indonesia in this era is very important.
Critical pedagogy can also maximize insight or knowledge and develop moral sensitivity in
understanding or applying social conditions in Indonesia which will develop people's thinking towards
social change that is more open, just and free.
Impact of Critical Pedagogy in Indonesia
According to Giroux in Wattimena (2018), nowadays education feels increasingly authoritarian.
Education that is authoritarian if carried out continuously will kill freedom and the opportunity to ask
questions, and create apathy among students. Critical pedagogy seeks to fight authoritarian
educational tendencies. In critical pedagogy, education is something that is very important in the
development of democracy. It should be noted that democracy is formed because of education that
encourages its citizens to think critically, have broad insights, be able to make judgments, and be able
to be responsible for their actions. Of course, as a democratic country, critical pedagogy has an impact
on democratic progress in this country.
More importantly, today some people live in an unjust and oppressive society. Some of these
people have the opportunity to determine the path of life and contribute to society. In other words,
they cannot fully express their humanity. In such a society, critical pedagogy has an impact on building
awareness and making broad social changes. Because critical pedagogy is a theoretical and political
thinking that can understand and change society, unlike the current educational phenomenon which
sees students only as robots that can be ordered to do something. And it's rare to be given lessons about
social justice, ethical values, and relations with society.
Education is now considered a luxury item, quality education is considered expensive and only

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a handful of rich people can enjoy it. Education for the general public is often only a formality and a
series of bureaucracy that can kill freedom and creativity. Critical pedagogy exists to respond to this
problem.
In addition, critical pedagogy has an impact on changes in teaching patterns. In the critical
pedagogy teaching model, knowledge is something that must be processed first before being taken for
granted. This processing can be done through questions and research evidence beforehand. In contrast
to traditional pedagogical teaching patterns, which require students to memorize and master certain
knowledge that is already in the form of certainty. With a critical pedagogy teaching pattern, students
can be actively involved in the discovery of a knowledge. The new knowledge that students discover
must be accountable in accordance with the important elements of critical pedagogy, namely realizing
social change, by being responsible for their actions.

CONCLUSION
The digital era, pedagogy plays an important role because educators must understand students
according to the digital era and master and adapt technology. Critical pedagogy will guide and educate
students to have the ability, courage, and knowledge. In addition, critical pedagogy will make students
become citizens who think critically, are broad-minded, can make judgments, and are responsible for
their actions. This will greatly affect the progress of democracy in Indonesia.

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