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Magnetisum

The document discusses various topics related to magnetism including: 1. It describes natural and artificial magnets, and some common magnetic materials like iron, cobalt, and nickel alloys. 2. It explains the magnetic field and field lines surrounding a magnet, and properties of magnetic field lines like how they cannot intersect. 3. It discusses electromagnetic induction, how electric currents can produce magnetic fields as demonstrated by Oersted, and how electromagnets work. 4. Forces on current-carrying conductors in magnetic fields and applications like electric motors are summarized. Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction is also covered briefly.

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47 views20 pages

Magnetisum

The document discusses various topics related to magnetism including: 1. It describes natural and artificial magnets, and some common magnetic materials like iron, cobalt, and nickel alloys. 2. It explains the magnetic field and field lines surrounding a magnet, and properties of magnetic field lines like how they cannot intersect. 3. It discusses electromagnetic induction, how electric currents can produce magnetic fields as demonstrated by Oersted, and how electromagnets work. 4. Forces on current-carrying conductors in magnetic fields and applications like electric motors are summarized. Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction is also covered briefly.

Uploaded by

Pppp
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DBBHS Workshop

Magnetism
Magnetism
Permanent Magnets

Natural Magnets: Artificial Magnets:


Permanent Magnets

Magnetic Materials: Making a magnet:

NIPERMAG:
Iron,
Cobalt,
Alloy of Iron, Nickel,
Nickel
Aluminium, Titanium

ALNICO:
Aluminium, Nickel,
Cobalt,
Properties of a Magnet
Earth’s Magnetism
Magnetic Field and Field Lines

The space surrounding a magnetic magnet in which


magnetic effects can be experienced is called
‘magnetic field’.

SI Unit of magnetic field: tesla (T)


Properties of Magnetic Field Lines

In a magnet, Magnetic field lines The relative strength of the The magnetic field lines are
magnetic field lines can never intersect magnetic field is shown by continuous curve or closed
arise from north each other because if the degree of closeness of curves, they are directed
pole in the they intersect at a the field lines. The crowded south to north within the
surrounding space point, magnetic field lines represent strong material of the magnet.
and ends at that point will have magnetic field while distant
on the south pole. two directions which lines represent weak
is not possible. magnetic field
Magnetic Effect of Electric Current

Oersted Experiment:
Electromagnets
A magnet consisting of a soft iron core with a coil of insulated wire wound around it is called electromagnet.
Uses of
Magnets
Magnetic Field Due to Straight Conductor

The right-hand thumb rule is


called Maxwell’s cork-screw rule.
Magnetic field produced by current carrying circular loop
Magnetic field Due to Solenoid

• Solenoid:

• Copper wire with a resistive coating wound in a chain of loops (like


a spring)
• The properties of the magnetic field of a solenoid are very
similar to the magnetic field produced by a bar magnet.
• One of the open ends of a solenoid acts as a magnetic north pole and
the other as the magnetic south pole.
• The magnetic lines of force inside the solenoid are parallel to each
other.
• This means that the intensity of the magnetic field within the
solenoid is uniform everywhere, i.e. the magnetic field in a
solenoid is uniform.
• Direction of field lines inside can be found out using Right Hand
Thumb Rule similar to the current carrying circular loop.
Force on a Current Carrying Conductor in Magnetic Field

• Whenever a current is not flowing through the wire, it remains straight (position A).
• When the current flows from top to bottom, the wire bends and comes into position C.
• If the current direction is reversed, i.e. it flows from the bottom to the top end, the wire
bends but comes in the position B.
• This means the direction of the force on the wire is perpendicular to both the magnetic
field and the direction of the current.
Force on a Current Carrying Conductor in Magnetic Field

• When a small current flows through the coil, the coil


will rotate. The rotation will be proportional to the
current. Voltmeter and Ammeter also work on the
• The current in the loop is reversed after each half same principle.
rotation because of split rings (X and Y) and the loop • In galvanometer, the pointer deflects on both the sides
and the axle continue to rotate in a continuous manner. of the zero-mark depending on the direction of the
• Electrical energy → Mechanical energy current.
Faraday’s Electromagnetic Induction

Whenever the number of magnetic lines of force passing through the coil changes, current is induced in the coil.
This is known as Faraday’s law of induction. The current produced in the coil is called the induced current
Faraday’s Electromagnetic Induction

• In first half cycle, the current in the circuit flows as A→B→C→D.


In the external circuit, it flows from B2 to B1.
• In the next half cycle, the current in the coil flows as
D→C→B→A. In the external circuit, it goes from B1 to B2.
• Thus, in the external circuit, current oscillates. Hence this is an AC
generator.
Faraday’s Electromagnetic Induction

Alternating Current Direct Current


1. The electric current whose magnitude 1. The electric current, whose magnitude
varies with time and direction reverses and direction do not vary with time is
periodically provided its amplitude is called direct current.
constant is called alternating current. 2. DC is produced by cell or battery.
2. In India, frequency of AC is 50 Hz,
meaning 50 cycles per second.
3. Long distance power transmission
takes place at high voltage to
minimize heat losses by AC .
Fin

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