LEBANESE UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

Entrance Exam 2004 -2005 Mathematics Duration: 3 hours

On 17/07/20004
The grades are over 25

I- (4.5 pts) The plane is referred to an orthonormal system ( O ; i , j ) Consider the points A (m, 0) and B (0, n)
where m and n are two real numbers. Let P be the point such that OA  2 BP .
1- Determine the coordinates (x, y) of P in terms of m and n.
2- Suppose that m and n vary such that AB = 2.
a- Prove that the sets of points P is the ellipse (E) of equation 4 x 2  y 2  4
b- Determine the focal axis, the vertices, the foci and the directress of (E). Construct (E).
3-Let (C) be the curve of equation 5 x 2  6 xy  5 y 2  8

a-Prove that (C) is the transform of (E) by the rotation r of center O and angle .
4
b-Deduce that (C) is a conic whose nature is to be determined.
c-Determine the focal axis and a focus of (C). Calculate the eccentricity and the area of (C).

II- (3.5 pts) Given n urns U1, U2, …, Un where n is a natural number such that n  2. The urn U1 contains
2 black balls and one red ball and each of the other urns contains 1 black ball and 1 red ball.
We draw at random a ball from U1 and we put in U2 , then we draw a ball from U2 and we put in U3 then
we draw a ball from U3 and so on. Let Ek be the event “the ball drawn from Uk is red ”and E k the event
opposite to Ek and denote by pk the probability of E k : pk =p ( E k ).
4
1) Determine p (E1), p (E2/ pE1) and p (E2/ p E1 ) and prove that p2  .
9
1 1
2) Prove that for all natural number k such that 1  k  n, pk 1  pk 
3 3
1
3) Consider the sequence (Vk) defined by Vk  pk  with k  1
2
a- Calculate V1 and prove that (Vk) is a geometric sequence.
b- Calculate pk in terms of k. Prove that the sequence (pk) is convergent and calculate its limit.

III- (8 pts) Parts A, B and C of the problem are independent.

The complex plane is referred to an orthonormal system ( O ; u , v ) Consider the transformation T
that, to each point M of affix z, associates the point M´ of affix z´ such that z´ = a z + b where a and b are
two complex numbers such that a ≠ 0, b ≠ 0, and a ≠ b .

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3 1
A- Suppose in this part that a = and b 
4 4
1) Determine the nature and the characteristic elements of T.
2) Determine the nature and the characteristic elements of T -1
B- Suppose in this part that a =1+ i and b = -i
1) Determine the nature and the characteristic elements of T. Let w be the invariant point of T.
2) Consider the sequence of points Mn defined by M0 (which is a point of the axis of abscissas with affix z0)
and Mn=T(Mn-1) and the sequence of their affixes zn defined by:
z0 = x0 >1 and zn = (1+i) zn-1 – i. Let Wn = zn – 1.
a- Prove that the sequence of general term Wn is a geometric sequence whose common ratio is to be
determined.
b- Calculate Wn in terms of x0 and n.
c- Calculate the modulus and an argument of Wn.
d- Determine the values of the natural number n for which Mn of affix zn is a point of the axis of abscissas.
e- Determine x0 so that M4 is confounded with the origin O of the reference system.
f- Plot in this case the points M0 , M1 , M2 , M3 , and M4.

C- Consider in this part the transformation T whose complex expression is z´ = a z + b and the
transformation S whose complex form is z´ = b z + a such that T o S = S oT.
1) Prove that a and b are the roots of the equation z2 – z + m = 0 where m is a number to be determined.
2) Prove that T, S and S o T have the same invariant point which is a fixed point.

IV- (9 pts) The plane is referred to and orthonormal system ( O ; i , j ) y

A-Let h be a function defined (d)
on R whose representative curve (  )
is given in the adjacent figure such that 2
(  ) is tangent at O to y´ O y and ( )
admits (d) as an asymptote at +∞
and x´ O x as an asymptotic direction.
-4 -2 0 x
1) Prove that h admits on R an inverse function
g such that g (0) = 0. -2
2) let (γ) be the representative curve of g .
a- Determine the tangent to (γ) at point O
and deduce g´(0).
b- Prove that (d) is an asymptote to (γ) and determine
the point of intersection of (γ) and (d).
c- Draw (γ) in a new reference system.
d- Prove that g(x) and x have opposite signs.

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3) Suppose that g is defined on R by g(x) = (ax + b)(1 + ex) + c, , where a , b and c are three real numbers.
a- Calculer g´(x).
b- Using the values of g(0), g´(0) and g(2) determined above, calculate a, b and c
and verify that g(x) = (2 – x) ex – x – 2

B- Consider the differential equation (E) : (1 + ex) y´ - y = 0 ..

1 e x dx
1) Knowing that  x
, calculate 
1 e 1 e
x
1  ex
2) Solve the differential equation (E). Determine the particular solution of (E) whose
representative curve passes through the point I (0 ; 2).
4e x
C- Let f be the function defined on R by f (x) = , and designates by (C) its representative curve.
1 ex
1) Study the variations of f . Prove that f has an inverse function f -1 whose domain of
definition is to be determined and calculate f -1(x).
2) Prove that the point I (0 ; 2) is a center of symmetry of (C) and determine an equation
of the tangent (T) to (C) at point I .
3) Using the function g defined in part A , study the relative position of (C) and (T ) .
4) Draw (C) and (T ) .

D- Define on R , the function F by F = g o f .

1) Prove that F is decreasing.
2) Calculate F(0) and the limit of F at - ∞ .

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Entrance Exam 2004 -2005 Solution of Mathematics Duration: 3 hours

On 17/07/20004

The grades are over 25

 
I- A (m , 0), B (n , 0), P(x; y) and OA  2 BP
m
Then, 2( ( x p  xB )  xA and 2( y p  yB )  y A which gives x  and y  n
2
2) a- AB2 = 4 ; then m2 + n2 = 4
and consequently (2 x) 2  ( y ) 2  4 . So, the set of the points P is the ellipse (E) of equation 4 x 2 +y2 = 4.
y2
b) The equation 4 x 2 +y2 = 4 can be written as (E) : x 2 + =1
4
The focal axis is (y′ y), the principal vertices are A1 (0; 2), A1 (0; -2), the secondary vertices are B1(1; 0)
and B1 (-1; 0)
c2 = a2 – b2 = 3, the foci are F (0, 3 ) and F′ (0, - 3 )
a2 4 3 a2 4 3
The directress is the straight lines of equations: y1 =  and y2 =  
c 3 c 3
y (d)

2 A1
F
1 (E)
B1 B1
-1 0 1 2 X

F´
A1 -2
(d´)

 
i i
3) a- the complex form of r is z′ = e 4 z which gives z = e 4 z  ;
If M(x, y) is a point of (E) and M´(x, y) its image by r then

i  2 2
x+iy= e 4 ( x  iy)   i  ( x  iy)

 2 2 
2 2
= (1  i)( x  iy)  ( x  iy  ix  y) Therefore
2 2
2 2 y2
x ( x  y) , y  ( y  x) and as x + 2
=1
2 2 4
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1 1 ( y  x)2

we have ( x  y )   2
1
2 2 4
Let 4( x  y) 2  ( y  x) 2  8 and hence 5 x 2  6 xy  5 y 2  8
then the image of (E) by r is the curve (C) of equation: 5 x 2  6 xy  5 y 2  8

b) (E) is an ellipse and since rotation preserves geometric figures then (C) is an ellipse.

c) The focal axis (Δ) of (C) is the image of the focal axis of (E) by r. But the focal axis of (E) is the axis y′ y
of equation x = 0
2
x = 0 gives ( x  y) = 0 then the straight line (Δ) of equation y   x is the focal axis of (C)
2

F (0, 3 ) is a focus of (E), this point F is transformed onto a point F1 by the rotation r

i  2 2 i 6 6 6 6
z F1 = e 4 z F   i  (i 3 ) 
  therefore F1 (  ; ) is a focus of (C)
 2 2  2 2 2 2
3
The eccentricity of (C) is equal to that of (E), therefore, e = .
2
Area of (C) = area of (E) =  ab  2 square units

1
II- 1) P(E1) = E1 has occurred , then urn U2 contains two red balls and one black ball, then
3
E 2
P ( 2) .
E1 3
E 1
E1 has occurred, then urn U2 contains one red balls and two black balls, then P ( 2 ) 
E1 3
P(E2) = P2= P (E2  E1) +P (E2  E1 )
E E 1 2 1 1 4
=P (E1) x P ( 2 ) + P ( E1 ) x P ( 2 ) = x + x ( 1  ) 
E1 E1 3 3 3 3 9
2) Pk 1  P( Ek 1 )  P( Ek  Ek 1 )  P( E k  Ek 1 )
E E
= p( k 1 )  p( Ek )  p( k 1 )  p( Ek ) or
Ek Ek
E 2 E 1
p( k 1 )  and p( k 1 ) 
Ek 3 Ek 3

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2 1 1 1
Pk 1  P ( Ek 1 ) =
 Pk   (1  Pk )  Pk 
3 3 3 3
1 1 1 1
3) a- V1 = P1 - =   
2 3 2 6
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Vk+1 = Pk+1 - = Pk    Pk   ( Pk  )  Vk
2 3 3 2 3 6 3 2 3
Then Vk is a geometric sequence of common ratio 1 /3
k 1 k 1
k 1 11 1 11 1
b- Vk  V1  q    where Pk  Vk      
6 3 2 6 3 2
k 1
1 11 1 1
The sequence (Vk ) is bounded above by since     
2 6 3 2 2
Also, the sequence (Vk) is increasing since
k 1 k k 1 k 1
11 11 11  1 2 11
Pk+1 - Pk =         1       0
6 3 6 3 6 3  3 3 6 3
Then Pk+1 > Pk .
k 1
1 1
lim Pk  since lim    0
k   2 k  
3
3 1 3 3
III- A- 1) T is of the form z  ( z  ) with a = , which is a real number, hence T is a dilation of ratio
4 4 4 4
b
and center the point w of affix zw = = 1.
1 a

4
2) T-1 is a dilation of ratio and the same center as T .
3

i
B- 1) T is of the form z  (1  i ) z  i with a  1  i  2e 4


T is a similitude of ratio 2 , angle ,and of center the point w of affix
4
b i
zw =  1
1 a  i

2) a- Wn+1 = zn+1  1  (1  i ) z n  i  1  (1  i )( z n  1)  (1  i )Wn

The sequence of general term W n is a geometric sequence of ratio q = 1+i and a first term

W0 = z0 -1 = x0 -1
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b- Wn = W0  q n  ( x0  1)(1  i) n


c- 1  i  2e 4 , where Wn  x0  1  1  i or x0  1  0 where Wn  x0  1  ( 2 )n .
i n

 
arg Wn = arg ( x0  1)  (1  i) n  arg( x0  1)  arg(1  i) n
 
arg Wn = 0  n (2 )  n
(2 )
4 4
d- If Mn is a point of the axis of abscissas axis then zn is real, so Wn = zn - 1 is real


such that n  k and n = 4k with k  IN since k is a natural number.
4
e- if M4 is confounded with O then z4  0 , where W4 = -1, then

1 1 5
( x0  1)  (1  i)n  1, and x0  1   then x0 
(1  i) 4
4 4

f-
y

M3 M2
1/2
1/4
M1

M4

0 1/2 W M0 x

C- 1) M(z) 

s
M ( z  bz  a) 

T
M ( z  az  b)

M(z) 
T s
M ( z  abz  a 2  b)

M(z) 

T
M 1 ( z1  az  b) 

s
M 2 ( z2  bz1  a)

M(z) 
s T
M 2 ( z2  abz  b2  a)
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T°S = S °T gives T°S (M) = S °T(M) then

abz + a2 +b= abz + b2 +a, consequently a2 – b2 = a – b

(a-b)(a+b) –(a-b) = 0 or (a-b)(a+b-1)= 0

a – b = 0 or a + b -1 = 0 and hence a ≠ b we get a + b =1

Hence a and b are the roots of the equation z2 – z + m = 0 where m = ab

with m ≠ 0 since a ≠ 0 and b≠ 0

b 1 a a 1 b
2) zwT    1, zws   1
1 a 1 a 1 b 1 b
b2  a b2  1  b
zws T    1, then T, S and S °T have the same double point.
1  ab 1  b(1  b)

IV) A)
1) h is continuous and strictly decreasing over IR then it admits an inverse function g over IR
Since (  ) passes through O then g passes through O hence g(0) = 0

2) Let ( ) be the representative curve of g

a- The axis y´y is tangent to (  ) at O, then the curve ( ) is tangent to the axis x´x at O, consequently
g´(0) = 0
b- The straight line (d) is an asymptote to (  ), ( ) has as an oblique asymptote the straight line (d´)
symmetric of (d) with respect to the straight line of equation y = x.
But, (d) passes through the point (0 ; -2) , (d´) passes through the point (-2 ; 0) similarly, (d) passes
through the point (-2 ; 0) so (d´) passes through the point (0 ; -2) , (d´) is (d) itself consequently (d) is
an asymptote of ( )

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c-

-2 -1 0 1 2

-4

d- From the representative curve of g, we note that a part of ( )

is situated in the first quadrant and a part in the fourth quadrant and in both cases g (x) and x have

opposite signs except for O where g(0) = 0

3) a- g´(x) = a (1+ ex) + ex (ax +b)

b- g(0) = 0 gives 2b + c = 0
g´(0) = 0 gives 2a + b = 0
h(-4) = 2, and g(2) = -4 which gives (2a + b) (1 + e2) + c = – 4
But 2a+b = 0 so c = - 4 ; 2b + c = 0
Then b = 2, 2a+b = 0 , a = -1 so
g(x) = (-x +2) (1 + ex) – 4 , consequently g(x)= (2 – x) ex – x - 2

dx e x
 1  e x  1  ex dx   ln(1  e )  k
x
B) 1) 

2) (E) : ( 1  e x ) y´-y = 0 is equivalent to

y 1 y 1
 where  dx   dx, then ln y   ln(1  e x )  k
y 1 e x
y 1  ex

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Let ln y  ln(1  e x )  k or ln y(1  e x )  k then y(1  e x )  ek

ek C
A result y   .Consequently, y 
1 e x
1  ex
C 4 4e x
At the point I (0 ; 2) we have 2 = , which gives C = 4 and consequently y  
1 1 1  ex 1  e x

4e x
C) 1) f ( x)   0 , lim f(x) = 0 , lim f(x) = 4
(1  e x ) 2 x  x 

x  
f´ (x) +
f (x) 4
0

f is continuous and strictly increasing over IR, the nit admits an inverse functio
f 1 whose domain is ]0, 4[
4e x y
y gives y  ye x  4e x then e x (4-y) = y , which gives e x 
1 e x
4 y

y x
x  ln then f 1 ( x)  ln
4 y 4 x

4e x 4e x 4e x  4 4(e x  1)
2) f ( x)  f ( x)      4 then the point I (0, 2) is a center of
1  ex 1  e x 1  ex 1  ex

symmetry for (C)

An equation of the tangent (T) to (C) at the point I is

y= f(0)+ f ´(0)(x-0) =2+1(x-0) let y = x + 2

4e x 4e x  x  xex  2  2e x g ( x)
3) f (x) – y =  x  2   But, x and g(x) have opposite signs, where
1 ex 1  ex 1 ex
if x > 0 , g(x) < 0 , (C) is below (T)
if x < 0 , g(x) > 0 , (C) is above (T)

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y
(T)
4) 4

I (C)

0 2 x

-2

D- 1) F(x) = g (f (x)) , F ´(x) = g´ (f (x)) x f ´(x), but g is decreasing so g´ (f (x)) < 0 and f is
strictly increasing f ´(x) > 0 then F ´(x) < 0 and F is decreasing.
2) F (0) = g (f (0)) = g (2) = - 4

lim F (x) = lim g(f (x)) = g (0) = 0

x  x 

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