Solution

12TH MPT3 24-25

Class 12 - Mathematics
Section A
1.
(b) 2
Explanation:
Total possible pairs {(1, 1) (1, 3), (1, 5), (3, 3), (3, 1), (3, 5) (5, 5), (5, 1), (5, 3)}
1st equivalence relation
R1 = {(1, 1,), (5, 5), (3, 3), (1, 3), (3, 1)}
2nd equivalence relation
R2 = {(1, 1,), (5, 5), (3, 3), (1, 3), (3, 1), (3, 5), (5, 3)}
∴no of possible equivalence relation
=2

2. (a) 3
Explanation:
For R to be reflexive, (b, b) and (c, c) should belong to R and for R to be transitive [a, c) should belong to R, as (a, b) ∈ R and
(b, c) ∈ R. Hence, minimum number of ordered pairs to be added in R is 3.
3.
(c) Transitive
Explanation:
Let R be a relation on the set of all intergers Z, defined by aRb ⇔ b ∀ a, b ∈ Z
i. Reflexive: For 1 ∈ Z
1 R̸ 1 as 1 ≯ 1 so (1,1) ∉ R ⇒ R is not reflexive on Z.
ii. Symmetric: (3, 2) e R as 3 > 2
But (2, 3) ∉ R as 2 ≯ 3
Hence R is not symmetric on Z.
iii. Transitive: Let (a, b) ∈ R and (b, c) ∈ R a > b and b > c
Now a > b > c ⇒ a > c ⇒ (a, c) ∈ R
Hence R is a transitive relation on Z.

4.
(d) 0
Explanation:
f (x) = x
2
sin
1

x
where x ≠ 0 .
given f (x) is continuous at x = 0
∴ f (0) = limx→0 f (x)

2 1
⇒ f (0) = limx→0 x sin
x

2 1
⇒ k = limx→0 x × limx→0 sin( )
x

⇒ k = 0 × a finite value bet n

− 1 and 1 .
1
(−1 ⩽ sin ⩽ 1)
x

⇒ k = 0

thus, the value of the fuel "f at x = 0 so that the feet" is continueres at x = 0 is 0 .

5.
(b) 0
Explanation:

1 / 17
 0
2
x , x≥0
f(x) = {
kx, x<0
Given function is differentiable
LHD=RHD
f (0−h)−f (0)
lim
−h
= \lim\limits_ {h\to 0}}\frac{f(0+h)-f(0)}{h}
h→0
2 2
k(0−h)−k(0) (0+h ) −(0)
lim
−h
= lim h
h→0 h→0
2 2
k(−h) (h ) −(0)
lim
−h
= lim h
h→0 h→0

k=0

6.
(b) R
Explanation:
sin(x), x ≥ 0 sin x, x ≥ 0
sin |x| = { ={
sin(−x), x < 0 − sin x, x < 0

Hence, f(x) is continuous at every value of x.

7.
(c) is continuous but not differentiable at x = 3
Explanation:
is continuous but not differentiable at x = 3

8.
(c) tan x + sec x + C
Explanation:
Given :
[sec x(sec x + tan x)dx = ∫ (sec x) 2
+ sec x tan xdx

= tan x + sec x + C

9.
−1
− tan x
(c) +
x
+C
√1+x2 √1+x2

Explanation:
Put x = tan t, so that dx = sec2t dt and t = tan-1 x
t(tan t)
2
∴ I = ∫ sec tdt = ∫ t sin tdt
2 3/2
(1+ tan t) I II

After solving the above using integration by parts we get

−1
− tan x
I= +
x
+C
√1+x2 √1+x2

10. (a) 1

18
(2x + 3)
3/2
−
1

18
(2x − 3)
3/2
+ C

Explanation:
n+1
x
Formula :- ∫ n
x dx =
n+1
+ c

sin (a + b) = sin a cos b + cos a sin b

∫ cot x = log (sin x) + c

2 / 17
 Therefore,
( √2x+3− √2x−3)
= ∫ dx (Rationalizing the denominator)
( √2x+3+ √2x−3)( √2x+3− √2x−3)

√2x+3− √2x−3
⇒ ∫ dx
6
1 −−−−− 1 −−−−−
= 6
∫ √2x + 3dx −
6
∫ √2x − 3dx
3 3

2(2x+3) 2 2(2x−3) 2
= 3×6×2
−
3×6×2
+ c

2 2

(2x+3) 2 (2x−3) 2
= 18
−
18
+ c

11.
(b) ( π

2
− 1)

Explanation:
Use integration by parts
d
∫ 1 × IIdx = I × ∫ IIdx − ∫ I (∫ IIdx) dx
dx
π π

2 2 d
y = x∫ cos xdx − ∫ x (∫ cos x dx) dx
0 0 dx
π π

2 2
= (x sin x) − ∫ sin xdx
0 0
π

π 2
= − (− cos x)
2 0

π
= + (0 − 1)
2
π
= − 1
2

12.
256
(d) 3

Explanation:
16
Since area = 2 ∫ 0 √ydy , solve the integral to compute the value.

13.
(b) 4π sq units
Explanation:
We have, y = 0, y = x and the circle x2 + y2 = 3 in the first quadrant

Solving y = x with the circle

x2 + x2 = 32
⇒ x2 = 16
⇒ x = 4

When x = 4, y = 4
For point of intersection of circle with the x-axis,
Put y = 0
∴ x2 + 0 = 32
–
⇒ x = ± 4√2
–
So, the circle intersects the x-axis at (± 4√2,0)
From the figure, area of shaded region
−−−−−− −−−−
4 4√2 – 2
A=∫ 0
xdx + ∫
4
2
√(4√2) − x dx

4√2
4 −−−−−−−−−− 2
2 – (4√2)
=[ x

2
] + [
x

2
√(4√2)2 − x2 +
2
sin
−1 x
]
0 4√2
0

3 / 17
 −−−−−−−−−−
16 4 – 4
= 2
+ [0 + 16 sin
−1
1 −
2
√(4√2)2 − 16 − 16 sin
−1
]
4√2

−−
= 8 + [16 ⋅ π

2
− 2 ⋅ √16 − 16 ⋅
π

4
]

= 8 + [9π − 8 − 4π] = 4π sq. units

14.
(b) 17

Explanation:
Required area
1 0 1

∫ x dx
3
= ∫ x dx
3
+∫x 3
dx
−2 −2 0

4 0 4 1
x x
=[ 4
] +[ 4
]
0
−2

4
(−2)
= [0 − 4
] +[ 1

4
− 0]

= 16

4
+ 1

4
17
= 4

15.
(d) ey – ex =
3
x

3
+C
Explanation:
dy
We have, dx
= e
x−y
+ x e
2 −y

⇒ ey dy = (ex + x2)dx
y x 2
⇒ ∫ e dy = ∫ (e + x ) dx

ey = ex +
3

⇒
x

3
+c
ey - ex =
3

⇒
x

3
+c

16.
(b) y = sec x
Explanation:
dy
= tanxdx
y

dy
∫ = ∫ tanxdx
y

log|y| = log|secx| + logc

log|y| = log|csecx|

y = csecx

here y=1 and x=0 gives 1 = csec0

hence c = 1
∴ y = secx

17.
(d) y sin x = x + C
Explanation:
We have,
dy

dx
+ y cot x = cosec x
dy
Comparing with dx
+ Py = Q of the above equation then, we get
⇒ P = cot x, Q = cosec x
I.F. = e = e
∫ P dx
= e
∫ cot xdx log sin x
= sin x
Multiplying on both sides by sin x
dy
sin x dx
+ y cos x = 1
⇒
dx
d
(y sin x) =1

4 / 17
 ⇒ y sin x = ∫ 1dx
⇒ y sin x = x + C

18.
(b) y = xex + c
Explanation:
We have,
dy y(x+1)
− = 0
dx x

dy y(x+1)
⇒ =
dx x

dy x+1
⇒ = dx
y x

dy x+1
⇒ ∫ = ∫ dx
y x

dy 1
⇒ ∫ = ∫ (1 + ) dx
y x

⇒ log y = x + log x + c
y
⇒ log( ) = x + c
x
y
x+c
⇒ = e
x

⇒ y = xex+c

19. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
We have,
dQ

dt
+Q=1
Comparing above differential equation by
dy

dx
+ Py = M
Here, P = 1, M = 1
∴ I.F. e ∫ 1dt

Required solution is
Q(t)⋅ et = ∫ et dt + C
⇒ Q(t)⋅ et = et + C
At t = 0, Q = 0
∴ 0.e0 = e0 + C ⇒ C = -1
Thus solution is Q(t) = 1 - e-t .
20.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation:
Assertion is false because every function is not invertible. The function which is one-one and onto i.e. bijective functions are
invertible so reason is true.

Section B
21. f : N → N, given by f(x) = x3
Injectivity: let y, x, ∈N such that
x=y
⇒ x3 = y3
⇒ f(x) = f(y)
∴ f is one-one

Surjective:
∵ f attain only cubic number like 1, 8, 27, 64...

So, no non-cubic values of N(co-domain) have pre image in N (Domain)

∴ f is not onto.

5 / 17
22. The given function can be rewritten as:
x−a
⎧
⎪ , when x > a
⎪ x−a

a−x
f (x) = ⎨
x−a
, when x < a
⎪
⎩
⎪
1, when x = a
⎧
⎪
⎪
1, when x > a
⇒ f (x) = ⎨ −1, when x < a
⎪
⎩
⎪
1, when x = a

1, when x ≥ a
⇒ f (x) = {
−1, when x < a

We observe;
(LHL at x = a) = lim f (x) = lim f (a − h)
−
x→a h→0

= lim (−1) = −1
h→0

(RHL at x = a) = lim f (x) = lim f (a + h)

+ h→0
x→a

= lim (1) = 1
h→0

lim f (x) ≠ lim f (x)

− +
x→a x→a

Thus, f(x) is discontinuous at x = a

23. Let I = ∫ sin4 x cos3 x dx
Also let sin x = t
dt = d(sin x) = cos x dx
So, dx = dt

cos x

Substitute all in above equation, we get

sin4 x cos3 x dx = ∫ t4 cos3 x
dt
I = ∫
cos x

= ∫ t4cos2x dt
= ∫ t4(1 - sin2x) dt
= ∫ t4(1 - t2) dt
= ∫ (t4 - t6) dt
= ∫ (t4 - t6) dt =
5 7
t t
− + c
5 7

Put back t = sin x, we have

∫ sin4x cos3x dx = 1

5
sin
5
x −
1

7
sin
7
x+c
OR
1 1
Let I = e x
(
x
−
2
) dx
x

x ′
[∫ e {f (x) + f (x)} dx]
−1
It is in the form of ∫ e
x
{f (x) + f
′
(x)} dx , Here f (x) = 1

x
= x
−1
and f ′
(x) =
x2

x 1
⇒ I = e + c
x
x

=
e

x
+ c ...[∵ ∫ e
x
{f (x) + f
′ x
(x)}dx = e f (x) + c]

6 / 17
24.

We are given that the Area of the bounded region = 1024

3
, hence
1024 16 −−−− x
2

= ∫ √16ax − dx
3 0 16a
16x
4 3
1024 −
− x x
− [4√a − ]
3 3/2 48a
0
2 3
1024 (16a) ×2 (16a)
= −
3 3 48a

a=2
OR
2x−3
Let I = ∫ 2
dx , then we have
(x −1)(2x+3)

2x−3
I=∫ (x+1)(x−1)(2x+3)
dx

Using partial fractions, we have,

2x−3
= +
A B
+
C

(x+1)(x−1)(2x+3) (x+1) (x−1) (2x+3)

⇒ 2x - 3 = A (x - 1)(2x + 3) B (x + 1)(2x + 3) + C (x2 - 1)

Put x = -1
5
⇒ -5 = -2A ⇒ A = 2

Put x = 1
1
⇒ -1 = 10B ⇒ B = − 10
3
Put x = − 2

⇒ -6= 5

4
C⇒c=− 24

Thus, we have
I= ∫ 5

2
−
dx

x+1
1

10
∫
dx

x−1
−
24

5
∫
dx

2x+3

= 5

2
log |x + 1| −
10
1
log |x − 1| −
24

5
⋅
1

2
log |2x + 3| + c

Hence,
I = log |x + 1| − 1

10
log |x − 1| −
12

5
log |2x + 3| + c

25. Given differential equation can be written as

−−−−−−−−
2
dy y y
= + √1 + ( ) ...(i)
dx x x
dv dv
Let y = vx ⇒ =v+x substituting in (i)
dx dx
−−−−−
dv 2
We get v + x = v + √1 + v
dx
dv dx
⇒ =
2 x
√1+ v

Integrating both sides, we get

−−−−−
2
log |√1 + v + v | = log |x| + log C
−−−−−−

y = C x2
2 2
y + √x +

7 / 17
 Section C
26. i. We have a function f : A → B, given by f(x) = 3x, where A = {0, 1, 2} and B = {0, 3, 6}
Let y ∈ B be any arbitrary element.
y
Then y = f(x) ⇒ y = 3x ⇒ x = 3

Now, at y = 0, x = 0

3
=0∈A
At y = 3, x = 3

3
=1∈A
At y = 6, x = 6

3
=2∈A
Thus, for each element y of B, there is a pre-image in A.
ii. We have a function f : Z → Z given by f(x) = 3x + 2.
Let y ∈ Z, (codomain of f) be any arbitrary element.
λ (x
2
− 2x) , if x ≤ 0
27. If, f(x) = { is continuous at x = 0,
4x + 1, if x > 0
We shall use definition of continuity to find the value of λ .
Since f(x) is continuous at x=0,therefore,
(LHL)x=0 = (RHL)x=0 = f(0).........(i)
⇒ f(0) = λ [0-0] = 0,
LHL = lim f (x) = lim f (0 − h)
− h→0
x→0

2
= λ lim [(0 − h) − 2(0 − h)]
h→0

= λ × 0 = 0

RHL = lim f (x) = lim f (0 + h)

+ h→0
x→0

= lim 4(0 + h) +1=1

h→0

∵ LHL ≠ RHL, which is contradiction to Equation (i)

∴ There is no value of λ for which f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
π 1−sin x
28. Let I = ∫ −
π (e
x
(
1−cos x
) dx
2

x x
1−2 sin cos
π
=∫ −
π (e
x
(
2

x
2
) dx
2
2 2 sin ( )
2

x x
2 sin cos
π
=∫ −
π (e
x
(
1

x
−
2

x
2
) dx
2 2
2 2 sin ( ) 2 sin ( )
2 2

π
=∫ −
π (e
x
(
1

2
csc (
2 x

2
) − cot
x

2
) dx
2

Now let f (x) = − cot x

⇒ f'(x) = − (− 1

2
csc (
2 x

2
)) =
1

2
csc (
2 x

2
)
π x x π
⇒ ∫
−
π (e
x
(
1

2
csc (
2

2
) − cot
2
) dx =∫ −
π
′ x
(f (x) + f (x)) e dx
2 2
π
= [e x
f (x)]
−
π

2
π
= [e x
(− cot
x

2
)] π
−
2
π

= − [e π
(cot
π

2
)− e 2 (cot
π

4
)]

= − [e π
(0) − e 2 (1)]

= − [0 − e 2 ]

⇒ I = e 2

OR
We have,
c os x
√
√cot x sin x
=
√cot x + √tan x c os x sin x
√ +√
sin x c os x

c os x
√
sin x
−−−− √sin x ⋅ √cos x
= c os x +sin x
= √
cos x

sin x
×
cos x+sin x

√sin x ⋅√c os x

cos x
=
cos x+sin x
π π
√cot x cos x
2 2
∴ ∫ dx = ∫ dx
0 √cot x + √tan x 0 cos x+sin x

8 / 17
 Let
π

I = ∫
0
2 cos x

cos x+sin x
dx ..(i)
so, using property of defnite integrals.
π π
cos( −x)
2 a a
2
I = ∫ dx [∵ ∫ f (x)dx = ∫ f (a − x)dx]
0 π π 0 0
cos( −x)+sin( −x)
2 2
π

= ∫
0
2

cos x+sin x
sin x
dx ..(ii)
Adding (i) & (ii)
π π

2 cos x 2 sin x
2I = ∫ dx + ∫ dx
0 cos x+sin x 0 cos x+sin x
π

2 cos x+sin x
2I = ∫ dx
0 cos x+sin x
π

2
2I = ∫ dx
0
π

2
2I = [x]
0
π
2I = [ − 0]
2
π
I =
4

29. We have 2y = 5x + 7
5x 7
⇒ y = +
2 2

2 8
8
∴ Area of shaded region = 1

2
∫
2
(5x + 7) dx =
1

2
[5.
x

2
+ 7x]
2
1 1
= [5.32 + 7.8 − 10 − 14] = [160 + 56 − 24]
2 2

=
192

2
= 96 sq units
OR
x+1
Let I = ∫ dx
√2x+3

Let x + 1 = λ (2x + 3) + μ
On equating the coefficients of like powers of x on both sides,
We get
1 = 2λ, 3λ + μ = 1

⇒ λ =
1

2
and 3 × 1

2
+ μ =1
−1
⇒ λ =
1

2
and μ = 2

Replacing x + 1 by λ (2x + 3) + μ in the given integral, we get

λ(2x+3)+μ
I = ∫ dx
√2x+3

λ(2x+3) 1
= ∫ dx + μ ∫ dx
√2x+3 √2x+3

= λ ∫ (2x + 3)1/2 dx + μ∫ (2x + 3 )-1/2 dx

3 1

(2x+3) 2 (2x+3) 2
= λ + μ + c
3 1
×2 2×
2 2
3
1
(2x+3) 2 −1 −1
=
1

2
×
3
+ (
2
) × (2x + 3) 2 + c [∵ λ = 1

2
,μ=
2
]
3 1

(2x+3) 2 (2x+3) 2
=
6
−
2
+c
3 1
1 1
∴ I = (2x + 3) 2 − (2x + 3) 2 + c
6 2

9 / 17
30. According to the question,
Given differential equation is ,
dy
3 2 2
(x + x + x + 1) = 2x + x
dx

dy 2
2x +x
⇒ =
dx 3 2
x + x +x+1
2
2x +x
∴ dy = dx
3 2
x + x +x+1

On integrating both sides, we get

2
2x +x
∫ dy = ∫ dx
3 2
x + x +x+1
2
2x +x
⇒ y = ∫ dx + C2
2
x (x+1)+1(x+1)

2
2x +x
⇒ y = ∫
2
dx ....(i)
(x+1)(x +1)

By Using partial fractions,

2
2x +x Bx+C

2
=
A
+ ...(ii)
(x+1)(x +1) x+1 x2 +1

2
2 A(x +1)+(Bx+C)(x+1)
2x +x
⇒ =
2 2
(x+1)(x +1) (x+1)(x +1)

2 2
⇒ 2x + x = A (x + 1) + (Bx + C )(x + 1)

2 2 2
⇒ 2x + x = A (x + 1) + B (x + x) + C (x + 1)

On comparing the coefficients of x2, x and constant terms from both sides, we get
A+ B= 2 ;

B+ C = 1

A+ C = 0

⇒ A = -C
On solving above equations, we get
3 −1
A=
1

2
,B=
2
and C = 2

On substituting the values of A, B and C in Eq. (ii), we get

1 3 1
2 x−
2x +x 2 2 2
= +
2 x+1 2
(x+1)(x +1) x +1

On integrating both sides w.r.t to x , we get

2
2x +x 1 dx 3 x 1 dx
∫ dx = ∫ + ∫ dx − ∫
2 2 x+1 2 x2 +1 2 x2 +1
(x+1)(x +1)

⇒ y =
1

2
log |x + 1| + I1 −
1

2
tan
−1
x + C2 ...(iii) [from Eq. (1)]
3 x
where I 1 =
2
∫
2
dx
x +1

Put x 2
+ 1 = t ⇒ 2xdx = dt ⇒ xdx =
dt

2
3 dt 3
∴ I1 = ∫ = log |t| + C1
4 t 4
3 2
= log∣
∣x + 1∣
∣ + C1
4

On putting the value of I1 in Eq. (iii), we get

1 3 1
y =
2
log |x + 1| +
4
log∣
∣x
2
+ 1∣
∣ −
2
tan
−1
x + C [where, C = C1 + C2]
⎧ 1 − cos kx
⎪
⎪ , if x ≠ 0
x sin x
31. We have, f (x) = ⎨
1
⎪
⎩
⎪ , if x = 0
2
1−cos kx 1−cos k(0−h)
At x = 0, LHL = lim
x sin x
= lim
x→0
− h→0 (0−h) sin(0−h)

1−cos(−kh)
= lim
h→0 −h sin(−h)

1−cos kh
= lim [∵ cos(−θ) = cos θ, sin(−θ) = − sin θ]
h sin h
h→0

2 kh
1−1+2sin
2 2 θ
= lim [∵ cos θ = 1 − 2sin ]
h sin h 2
h→0

2 kh
2sin
2
= lim
h sin h
h→0
kh kh
2sin sin 2
2 2 1 k h/4
= lim . . .
kh kh sin h h
h→0
2 2 h

2 2
2k k sinh
= = [∵ lim = 1]
4 2 h
h→0

10 / 17
 2

Also, f (0) = 1

2
⇒
k

2
=
1

2
⇒ k = ±1

Section D
32. We have, A = {x ∈ Z : 0 ≤ x ≤ 12} be a set and
R = {(a, b) : a = b} be a relation on A
Now,
Reflexivity: Let a ∈ A
⇒ a = a

⇒ (a, a) ∈ R

⇒ R is reflexive

Symmetric: Let a, b, ∈ A and (a, b) ∈ R

⇒ a=b
⇒ b = a

⇒ (b, a) ∈ R

⇒ R is symmetric

Transitive: Let a, b & c ∈ A

and let (a, b) ∈ R and (b, c) ∈ R
⇒ a = b and b = c

⇒ a = c

⇒ (a, c) ∈ R

⇒ R is transitive

Since R is being reflexive, symmetric and transitive, so R is an equivalence relation.

Also we need to find the set of all elements related to 1.
Since the relation is given by, R = {(a, b): a = b}, and 1 is an element of A.
R = {(1, 1): 1 = 1}
Thus, the set of all elements related to 1 is {1}.
3
⎧ 1 − sin x π
⎪
⎪
⎪
⎪
, if x <
⎪ 2 2
⎪ 3 cos x
⎪
π
33. Given, f(x) = ⎨ p, if x = is continuous at x = π

2 2
⎪
⎪
⎪ q(1 − sin x)
⎪ π
⎪
⎪
⎩
⎪ , if x >
2 2
(π − 2x)

We shall use definition of continuity to find the values of constants a and b.

Since f(x) is continuous at x= , π

Therefore,(LHL) x=
π = (RHL)
x=
π = f (
π

2
) ........(i)
2 2

Now, LHL = lim f (x) = lim f (

π

2
− h)
π − h→0
x→
2

3 π
1− sin ( −h)
2
= lim
2 π
h→0 3 cos ( −h)
2
3
1− cos h
= lim
2
h→0 3 sin h

2 2
(1−cos h)(1 + cos h+1×cos h)
= lim
2
h→0 3(1− cos h)

2
(1−cos h)(1+ cos h+cos h)

= lim
3(1−cos h)(1+cos h)
h→0
2
(1+ cos h+cos h)

= lim
3(1+cos h)
h→0
2
1+ cos 0+cos 0
=
3(1+cos 0)

1+1+1 3 1
=
3(1+1)
=
3×2
=
2
.......(ii)
π
and RHL = lim f (x) = lim f (
π 2
+ h)
x→ h→0
2

π
q[1−sin( +h)]
2
= lim
2
h→0 π
[π−2( +h)]
2

q(1−cos h) q(1−cos h)
= lim = lim
2 2
h→0 (π−π−2h) h→0 4h

11 / 17
 2 h
q(2 sin )
2 2 x
= lim [∵ cos x = 1 − 2 sin ]
2 2
h→0 4h

h 2
sin( )
q 2
= lim [ ]
8 h
h→0
2

q q
=
8
× 1 =
8
[∵ lim
sin x

x
= 1] ...........(iii)
x→0

On substituting the values from Eqs. (ii) and (iii) to Eq.(i), we get
1 q π
= = f ( )
2 8 2
q π
⇒
1

2
=
8
= p [∵ f (
2
) = p( given )]
q
⇒
1

2
=
8
and 1

2
= p

1
∴ q = 4 and p = 2

OR
According to the question, we have to show that the function defined is continuous at x = 2 but not differentiable at x = 2.
⎧ 3x − 2,
⎪
0 < x ≤ 1

f(x) = ⎨ 2x 2
− x, 1 < x ≤ 2
⎩
⎪
5x − 4, x > 2

let us check its Continuity at x = 2

LHL = lim x→2
− f (x) = limx→2− (2x2 - x)
⇒ LHL = lim h→0 [2(2 - h)2 - (2 - h)]
= limh→0 [2(4 + h2 - 4h) - (2 - h)]
= limh→0 ( 8 + 2h2 - 8h - 2 + h)
⇒ LHL = 8 - 2 = 6
and RHL = lim x→2
+ f (x) = limx→2+ (5x − 4)

⇒ [5(2 + h) - 4]
RHL = limh→0

= lim (10 + 5h - 4) = = lim

h→0 (5h + 6) h→0

⇒ RHL = 6

Also, f(2) = 2(2)2 - 2 = 8 - 2 = 6

Since, LHL = RHL = f(2)
Therefore function f(x) is continuous at x = 2.
We will now check the differentiabililty of the given function at x = 2.
Differentiability at x = 2
f (2−h)−f (2)
LHD = lim h→0
−h

2
[2(2−h ) −(2−h)]−[8−2]

⇒ LHD = limh→0
−h

2
2(4+ h −4h)−(2−h)−6

= limh→0
−h
2
8+2h −8h−2+h−6
= limh→0
h
h(2h−7)
= limh→0
−h
= limh→0 -(2h - 7)
⇒ LHD = 7
f (2+h)−f (2)
and RHD = lim h→0
h
[5(2+h)−4]−[8−2]
= limh→0
h
(6+5h)−(6)
5h
= limh→0 = limh→0
h h

⇒ RHD = 5
Since, LHD ≠ RHD
Therefore, function f(x) is not differentiable at x = 2.
Therefore, f(x) is continuous at x = 2 but not differentiable at x=2.
π
34. According to the question , I = ∫ dx ...(i)
0 2 2
x

2 2
a cos x+ b sin x

π (π−x) a a
⇒ I = ∫ dx [∵ ∫ f (x)dx = ∫ f (a − x)dx]
0 2 2 2 2 0 0
a cos (π−x)+ b sin (π−x)

π (π−x)
⇒ I = ∫
0 2 2 2 2
dx ...(ii)
a cos x+ b sin x

On adding Equations (i) and (ii) we get ,

12 / 17
 π (x+π−x)
2I = ∫ dx
0 2 2 2 2
a cos x+ b sin x
π dx
⇒ 2I = π ∫
0 2 2 2 2
a cos x+ b sin x
2a a
we know that,∫ 0
f (x)dx = 2 ∫
0
f (x)dx , if f (2a − x) = f (x)

Here, a 2 2
co s (π − x) + b
2 2
sin (π − x)

2 2 2 2
= a co s x + b si n x
π/2 dx
∴ 2I = 2π ∫
0 2 2 2 2
a cos x+ b sin x

On dividing numerator and denominator by cos 2

x we get ,
2
π/2 sec x
2I = 2π ∫ dx
0 2 2
a2 + b tan x

Put tanx = t ⟹ sec xdx = dt 2

Lower limit when x = 0, then t = tan0 = 0

π π
Upper limit when x = 2
, then t = tan 2
= ∞
∞ dt
∴ I = π∫
0 2 2 2
a +b t
∞ dt
= π∫
0 2 2
a +(bt )

π ∞ dt
= ∫
2 0 2
b a 2
( ) +t
b
∞
π −1 bt dx 1 −1 x
⇒ I = [ tan ] [∵ ∫ = tan + C]
ab a a2 + x2 a a
0
π −1 −1
⇒ I = [ tan ∞ − tan 0]
ab

−1 −1 π π
∵ tan ∞ = tan (tan )=
π π 2 2
⇒ I = [ − 0] [ ]
ab 2
and tan
−1
0 = tan
−1
(tan 0 ) = 0
∘

2
π
∴ I =
2ab

OR
−−−−−−−−− −
Let the given integral be, I = ∫ (2x + 3)√4x 2
+ 5x + 6dx

let 2x + 3 = A dx
d
(4x2 + 5x + 6) + B
⇒ 2x + 3 = A(8x + 5) + B ...(i)
By equating coefficients of like terms we get,
2x = 8Ax
1
⇒ A=
4

and 5A + B = 3
5
⇒ + B= 3
4
5
⇒ B= 3 −
4
7
=
4

Thus, by substituting the values of A and B in equation (i), we get

−−−−−−−−−−
2
I = ∫ (2x + 3)√4x + 5x + 6dx

1 7
−−−−−−−−−−
2
= ∫ [ (8x + 5) + ] √4x + 5x + 6dx
4 4

1
−−−−−−−−−− 7
−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
= ∫ (8x + 5)√4x + 5x + 6dx + ∫ √4x + 5x + 6dx
4 4

Putting 4x2 + 5x + 6 = t in the first integral

⇒ (8x + 5)dx = dt
−−−−−−−−−−
1 7×2 5x 3
∴ I = ∫ √t ⋅ dt + ∫ √x2 + + dx
4 4 4 2
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
1 2 2
1 7 2 5x 5 5 3
= ∫ t 2 ⋅ dt + ∫ √x − + ( ) − ( ) + dx
4 2 4 8 8 2

1 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2
1 t 2 +1 7 5 25 3
= [ ] + ∫ √(x + ) − + dx
4 1 2 8 64 2
+1
2
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
3 2
1 2 7 5 −25+96
= × t 2 + ∫ √(x + ) +
4 3 2 8 64

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
3 2 2
1 7 5 √71
= t 2 + ∫ √(x + ) + ( )
6 2 8 8

5 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
3 x+ 2 2 2 2
1 7 8 5 √71 71 5 5 √71
2
= (4x + 5x + 6) 2 + [ √(x + ) + ( ) + ln |x + + √(x + ) + ( ) ]+ C
6 2 2 8 8 64×2 8 8 8

13 / 17
 −− −−−− 1
−− −−−− 1
−− −−−−
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
[∵ ∫ √a + x dx = x√a + x + a ln |x + √x + a | + C ]
2 2

3 −−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−− −
(8x+5)
1 2 7 2 5 3 71×7 ∣ 5 2 5 3 ∣
= (4x + 5x + 6) 2 + √x + x + + ln x + + √x + x + + C
6 2 16 4 2 2×128 ∣ 8 4 2 ∣

3
7×2(8x+5)
− −−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−
− −
1 2 2 5 3 ∣
2 5 3 497 ∣ 5
= (4x + 5x + 6) 2 + + √x
x + +
+ C x + + ln x + + √x
6 4×16 4 2 ∣ 4 2 256 ∣ 8

− −−−−−−−− − − −−−−−−−− − −−−−−−−−− −

1 2 2 7 2 497 ∣ 5 2 5 3 ∣
= (4x + 5x + 6) √4x + 5x + 6 + (8x + 5) √4x + 5x + 6 + ln x + + √x + x + + C
6 64 256 ∣ 6 4 2 ∣

− −−−−−−−−− 2 − − −−− −− −− −
2
4x +5x+6 7 497 ∣ 5 2 5 3 ∣
= √4x + 5x + 6 [ + (8x + 5)] + ln x + + √x + x + + C
6 64 256 ∣ 8 4 2 ∣

− −−−−−−−−− 2 − − −−− −− −−−

2
128x +328x+297 ∣ 5 2 5 3 ∣
= √4x + 5x + 6 [ ] + ln x + + √x + x + + C
192 ∣ 8 4 2 ∣

35. Given differential equation is:

−−−−−−−−−−−−−− − dy
2 2 2 2
√1 + x + y + x y + xy = 0
dx
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− − dy
2 2 2
⇒ √1 (1 + x ) + y (1 + x ) = −xy
dx
−−−−−−−−−−−− − dy
2 2
⇒ √(1 + x ) (1 + y ) = −xy
dx
−−−−− −−−−− dy
2 2
⇒ √1 + x √1 + y = −xy
dx

y √1+x2
⇒ dy = − dx
x
2
√1+y

Therefore,on integrating both sides, we get,

y √1+x2
∫ dy = − ∫ xdx
2
x
√1+y 2

Therefore,on putting 1 + y2 = t and 1 + x2 = u2

⇒ 2y dy = dt and 2x dx = 2u du
⇒ ydy = and x dx = u du
dt

2
1 dt u
∴ ∫ = −∫ ⋅ udu
2 2
√t u −1
2
1 −1/2 u
⇒ ∫ t dt = − ∫ du
2 2
u −1
2
1/2 (u −1+1)
1 t
⇒ = −∫ du
2 1/2 2
u −1

...[put 1 + y2 = t]
2
1/2 u −1 1
⇒ t = −∫ du − ∫ du
2 2
u −1 u −1

−−−−− u−1 x−a

2
⇒ √1 + y = −u −
1

2
log∣
∣ u+1
∣ + C
∣ ...[∵ ∫ dx

2 2
=
1

2a
log∣
∣ x+a
∣]
∣
x −a

−−−−− −−−−− 1 ∣ √1+x2 −1 ∣

2 2
∴ √1 + y = − √1 + x − log∣ ∣ + C
2 ∣ √1+x2 +1 ∣

OR
The given equations are :
y2 = 16ax ...(1)
y = 4mx ....(2)
Equation (1) represent a parabola having centre at the origin and vertex along positive x−axis.
Equation (2) represents a straight line passing through the origin and making an angle of 45 with x−axis.
POINTS OF INTERSECTION :
Put y = 4mx in (1), we get
16m2x2 − 16ax = 0
⇒ 16x [m2x − a] = 0
⇒ x = 0; x =
a

2
m

When x = 0; y = 0
When x = , then y = a

2
4a

m
m

14 / 17
 Required area =Area under parabola - Area under line
2 2

= 4√−
− −
a/m a/m
a∫ √x dx − 4m ∫0 xdx
0
a
a
3
– 2 m2 4m 2
2 m
= 4√a × [x 2 ] − [x ]
3 2 0
0
2 2
8 a 2a
= −
3 3 3
m m
2 2 2
8 a 2a 2 a
= − =
3 3 3 3 3
m m m
2

Now, area = a

12
2 2

So, 2

3
a

3
=
a

12
m

3
⇒ m = 8

⇒ m=2
Section E
36. i. If a set P has m elements and set Q has n elements then the number of functions possible from P to Q is nm.
So, number of functions from A to B = 62
ii. As the total number of Relations that can be defined from a set P to Q is the number of possible subsets of P × Q.
If n(P) = m and n(Q) = n then n(P × Q) = mn and the number of subsets of P × Q = 2mn.
So number of relations possible from A to B = 22× 6 = 212
If n(A) = P and n(B) = q then n(A × B) = pq and the number of subsets of A × B = 2pq.
iii. R = {(1, 2), (2, 2),(1, 3), (3, 4), (3, 1), (4, 3), (5, 5),}
R is not reflexive. (3, 3) ∉ R
R is not symmetric.
Because for (1, 2) ∈ R there
(2, 1) ∉ R.
R is not transitive.
Because for all element of B there does not exist,
(a, b) (b, c) ∈ R and (a, c) ∈ R.
OR
R is reflexive, since every element of B i.e,
B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} is divisible by itself.
i.e, (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4,), (5, 5), (6, 6) ∈ R
Further, (1, 2) ∈ R
But (2, 1) ∉ R
Moreover,
(1, 2), (2, 4) ∈ R
⇒ (1, 4) ∈ R

⇒ R is transitive.

Therefore, R is reflexive and transitive but not symmetric.

15 / 17
37. i. f'(x) = x

2
−
3

2
,x<1
−1
∴ f'(-1) = 2
−
3

2
= -2
ii. f'(x) = -1, 1 ≤ x ≤ 3
∴ f'(2) = - 1

⎧ x − 3, x ≥ 3
⎪
⎪

iii. We have, f (x) = ⎨ 3 − x, 1 ≤ x < 3

⎪
⎩ 2
⎪ x 3x 13
− + , x < 1
4 2 4
f (1−h)−f (1)
LHD at x = 1 = lim −h
h→0

2
−1 (1−h) 3(1−h) 13
= lim [ − + − 2]
h 4 2 4
h→0

2
1+ h −2h−6+6h+13−8
= lim ( )
−4h
h→0
2
h +4h
= limh→0 (
−4h
) =1
f (1+h)−f (1)
RHD at x = 1 = lim h
h→0

3−(1+h)−2
= lim h
h→0

3−(1+h)−2
= lim h
h→0

h
= lim − h
= -1
h→0

Since, LHD = RHD

Thus, f(x) is differentiable at x = 1.
OR
We have
3
x − 1, 1 < x < ∞
f(x) = {
x − 1, −∞ < x ≤ 1

LHD at x = 1
f (1−h)−f (1)
f'(1) = lim −h
h→0

(1−h)−1−0
= lim −h
h→0

RHD at x = 1
f (1+h)−f (1)
f'(1) = lim h
h→0
3
(1+h ) −1−0
= lim h
h→0

= 2
lim h + 3 + 3h = 3
h→0

Clearly, LHD ≠ RHD

Thus, f(x) is not differentiable at x = 1.
38. i. To solve the homogeneous differential equation of the form dx

dy
= g(
x

y
) , we put x = vy.

ii. The order of homogeneous differential equation of the form dx

dy
= g(
x

y
) is 1.
iii. Given (x − √−
xy ) dy = ydx
−

dy y
⇒ =
dx x− √xy

Dividing Nr and Dr. of RHS of (1) by x, we get

y

dy x
=
dx y
1− √
x

dy y
Which is of the form dx
= f (
x
)

Therefore, (i) is a homogeneous differential

equation,
Put y = vx
dy
⇒
dx
=v+x dv

dx

From (i), we get

dv v
v+x dx
=
1− √v

16 / 17
 3

dv v 2
⇒ x
dx
= 1− √v

1− √v
dx
⇒
3
dv = x

v 2

3
−
⇒ (v 2 −
1

v
) dv = dx

Integrating both sides, we get

1
−
2
v

1
-log |v| = log |x| + c
−
2

−2
⇒ - log |vx| = c
√v
−
−
⇒ 2√
x

y
+ log |y| = -c = A (say)
−
−
Hence, solution is 2√ + log |y| = A, A is arbitrary constant.
x

OR
2
dy y y
Given 2 dx
=
x
+
2
...(i)
x

Put y = vx
dy
⇒
dx
=v+x dv

dx

Substituting the values of y and dv

dx
in eq. (i), we get
v2
dv
2 (v + x
dx
) =v+

⇒ 2x
dv
= v2 - v
dx
2 dx
⇒
2
dv = x
v −v

dx
⇒ 2(
1

v−1
−
1

v
) dv = x

Integrating both sides, we get

2(log |v - 1| - log |v|) = log |x| + c
v−1
⇒ 2log ∣ ∣ = log |x| + c
∣ ∣ v

y−x
⇒ 2log ∣∣ y
∣
∣ = log |x| + c, c is arbitrary constant

17 / 17