10th SST1

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 15

myCBSEguide

Class 10 - Social Science

Sample Paper - 01 (2023-24)

Maximum Marks: 80

Time Allowed: : 3 hours

General Instructions:

1. The question paper comprises Six Sections – A, B, C, D, E and F. There are 37 questions in the Question paper. All
questions are compulsory.
2. Section A – From questions 1 to 20 are MCQs of 1 mark each.
3. Section B – Questions no. 21 to 24 are Very Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 2 marks each. The answer to each
question should not exceed 40 words.
4. Section C contains Q. 25 to Q.29 are Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 3 marks each. The answer to each question
should not exceed 60 words
5. Section D – Questions no. 30 to 33 are long answer type questions, carrying 5 marks each. The answer to each question
should not exceed 120 words.
6. Section-E - Questions no from 34 to 36 are case-based questions with three sub-questions and are of 4 marks each. The
answer to each question should not exceed 100 words.
7. Section F – Question no. 37 is map-based, carrying 5 marks with two parts, 37a from History (2 marks) and 37b from
Geography (3 marks).
8. There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in a few questions. Only one
of the choices in such questions has to be attempted.
9. In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever necessary.
10. Note: CBQ stands for “Competency Based Question”. 50% weightage allocated for competency-based questions.

Section A
1. The growth of modern nationalism in India, as in Vietnam, is closely connected to:
a) anti-colonial movement
b) anti-poverty struggle
c) a discovery of unity in their struggle against colonialism
d) a sense of oppression under colonialism
2. Rooftop rainwater harvesting was commonly practised to store drinking water, particularly in the state of:
a) Kerala
b) Karnataka
c) Haryana
d) Rajasthan

3. COMPARISON OF COUNTRIES

Monthly incomes of citizens (in Rupees)


Country
I II III
A 5,500 7,500 19,000

B 11,500 10,500 10,000

C 1,000 1,000 30,000

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.


1 / 15
myCBSEguide
D 3,500 3,500 25,000
As per the data given above which country has a comparatively equitable distribution of income?
a) Country A
b) Country B
c) Country C
d) Country D
4. Which of the following options represents the steps that can be involved to produce rice in Haryana and Punjab?
i. Using high-yielding variety seeds.
ii. Using insecticides and pesticides and chemical fertilisers.
iii. Using machines and other modern methods for cultivation.
iv. Production of rice involves subsistence farming methods.
a) Statement i and ii are correct.
b) Statement ii is correct.
c) Statement i, ii, & iii are correct.
d) Statement ii, iii & iv are correct.
5. A government formed by the coming together of at least two political parties refers to:
a) cooperative government
b) coalition government
c) federation government
d) opposition government
6. Which of the following statements accurately distinguishes the prudential and moral reasons for power sharing?
a) Prudential reasons emphasize the unity of the nation, while moral reasons prioritize the exercise of power by the
minority.
b) Prudential reasons argue for the legitimacy of a government through citizen participation, while moral reasons
highlight the negative consequences of power sharing.
c) Prudential reasons advocate for imposing the will of the majority community, while moral reasons highlight the
oppressive nature of power sharing.
d) Prudential reasons focus on reducing social conflict and ensuring political stability, while moral reasons emphasize
the value of power sharing in a democratic system.​​
7. Assertion (A): Dictatorship is a better form of government.

Reason (R): Democracy is legitimate, accountable, responsive, promotes equality among citizens, enhances the dignity
of the individual
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
8. People with extra money deposit it in the banks by opening a bank account in their name. Banks accept deposits and also
pay an interest rate on deposits. In this way, people's money is safe with the banks and it earns interest. People also have
the provision to withdraw the money as and when they require. Since the deposits in the bank accounts can be withdrawn
on demand.

What is the term used in the above, when money can be withdrawn on demand?
a) Demand Deposit
b) Surplus Deposit
c) Fixed Deposit
d) Term Deposit

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.


2 / 15
myCBSEguide
To practice more questions & prepare well for exams, download myCBSEguide App. It provides complete study
material for CBSE, NCERT, JEE (main), NEET-UG and NDA exams. Teachers can use Examin8 App to create similar
papers with their own name and logo.
9. This community was relatively rich and powerful:
a) Dutch-speaking
b) English-speaking
c) Minority French-speaking
d) German-speaking
10. Study the picture and answer the question that follows:

Which of the following aspect best represent the image?


a) Giuseppe Mazzini and the founding of Young Europe in Berne 1833.
b) Kaiser William I and the founding of Carbonari in Berne 1833.
c) Giuseppe Mazzini and the founding of Young Italy in Marseilles in 1833.
d) Count Camillo de Cavour and the founding of Young Europe in Berne 1833.
11. MNCs have been looking for locations around the world that would be cheap for their production. Evaluate the cost-
effective methods adopted by the MNCs by identifying the appropriate statements among the following options:
i. Opting for a cheap manufacturing location.
ii. Setting up a production unit in the proximity of markets.
iii. Hiring highly skilled engineers at cheap rates from developing countries.
iv. Buy up local companies and expand production.
a) All the statements are appropriate.
b) Only statement iv is appropriate.
c) Statements i, ii and iii are appropriate.
d) Statements i and ii are appropriate.
12. What does a public expression of dissatisfaction with Democracy shows?
a) Both success and failure of the democratic project.
b) The success of the undemocratic project
c) The failure of the democratic project
d) The success of the democratic project
13. Arrange the following statements in sequential order:
i. i. Gandhiji begins Civil Disobedience Movement by breaking salt law at Dandi.
ii. ii. Non-Cooperation and Khilafat movement launched.
iii. iii. Gandhian hartal against Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh massacre.

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.


3 / 15
myCBSEguide
iv. iv. Distressed UP peasants organised by Baba Ramchandra.
a) iv, i, iii, ii
b) ii, i, iv, iii
c) iv, iii, ii, i
d) iii, i, iv, ii
14. Rajesh, an ambitious entrepreneur, opened a wholesale store to sell locally-made textiles. He relied on the services of
Priya, a skilled logistics coordinator, who efficiently organized the transportation and storage of the goods. Additionally,
Rajesh sought assistance from Ankit, a knowledgeable banker, who provided financial support to expand his business.
Together, they exemplified the vital role of tertiary sector activities in supporting the production and trade of goods.
Which sector of the economy includes activities such as transportation, storage, communication, banking, and trade?
a) Quaternary sector
b) Tertiary sector
c) Primary sector
d) Secondary sector​​
15. Consider the statements given below and choose the correct answer

Statement I: Menocchio reinterpreted the message of the Bible and formulated a view of God and Creation that was
lauded by the Roman Catholic Church.

Statement II: The Roman Church encouraged the publishers and booksellers and began to maintain an Index of
Published Books from 1558.
a) Both (i) & (ii) are incorrect
b) Statement (i) is incorrect and (ii) is correct
c) Both (i) & (ii) are correct
d) Statement (i) is correct and (ii) is incorrect
16. X provided his friend with clues regarding the right kind of soil for growing cashew nut. Which of the following clues
from X would be most helpful in determining the ideal type of soil?

Clues:
i. It is the result of intense leaching due to heavy rain.
ii. It is well-known for its capacity to hold moisture.
iii. It turns yellow when it is hydrated.
iv. It is rich in kankur and bhangar nodules.
a) Clue ii and iii
b) Clue i
c) Clue iii and iv
d) Clue ii
17. Which of the following statements will be considered by a political party while shaping public opinion?

Statement i: Raise and highlight issues popular issues.

Statement ii: Launch movements for the resolution of problems faced by people.

Statement iii: Provide access to government machinery and welfare schemes implemented by the government.

Statement iv: Voice different views and criticize the government for its failures or wrong policies.
a) Statement i, ii and iii are right.
b) Statement i and ii are right.
c) Statement iii is right.
d) Only statement iv is right.
18. Who among the following is a feminist?
a) Someone who believes in religious equality and secularism
b) Someone who does not believe in equal rights and opportunities for women and men

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.


4 / 15
myCBSEguide
c) Someone who believes in equal rights and opportunities for women and men.
d) None of these
19. Consider the following statements on parties.
A. Political parties do not enjoy much trust among the people.
B. Parties are often rocked by scandals involving top party leaders.
C. Parties are not necessary to run governments.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
a) B and C
b) A and B
c) A and C
d) A, B, and C
20. Read the information given below and select the correct option

Avinash went to a stationery shop to buy books and pens. He bought 5 books and 2 pens amounting to Rs. 100 in total.
Avinash handed Rs. 100 note to shopkeeper but shopkeeper refused to accept the payment. Avinash told the shopkeeper
that he cannot refuse the payment made by him. After reading the above case state why one cannot refuse a payment
made in rupees in India?
a) The law legalises the use of rupee as a medium of Store of Value
b) The law legalises the use of rupee as a medium of credit arrangements
c) The law legalises the use of rupee as a medium of Barter exchange
d) The law legalises the use of rupee as a medium of payment
Section B
21. Study the cartoon thoroughly and mention what the two steering wheels symbolise.

22. What changes came in Nationalism in Europe after 1848? Who was the architect of this process? How was it practised?

OR

Define the term Romanticism. How did it facilitate the promotion of nationalist sentiment?
23. Define agriculture? Why has cultivation methods changed significantly over years?
24. Describe the rationale behind the implementation of Decentralisation in India.
Section C
25. 'It is difficult to imagine a world without printed matter'. Justify the statement with suitable arguments.
26. Study the given flowchart and answer the questions that follow:

i. Which is the basic material required for garment manufacturing?


ii. Give one example of value addition in the textile industry.

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.


5 / 15
myCBSEguide
OR

Mention any two factors that have contributed to a healthy growth of the automobile industry in India? Name two centres
where this industry is located.
27. Details of funds released for farmers during the last five years are as under for loans and the development of irrigation
and transportation facilities. 
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21
13,000 13,397.13 13,045.72 11,495.67 16218.75 12744.11
How would income and employment increase if farmers are provided with loans, irrigation and transportation facilities?
28. State any two differences between the local government before and after the Constitutional amendment in 1992.

29.

Why do you think NREGA 2005 is referred to as ‘Right to work’? Imagine that you are the village head. In that capacity
suggest some activities that you think should be taken up under this act that would also increase the income of people.
Discuss.
Section D
30. "Nuclear energy is expected to play an increasingly important role in India." Give arguments to support this statement.

OR

Highlight the importance of petroleum. Explain the occurrence of petroleum in India.


31. Explain the conditions that were viewed as obstacles to the economic exchange and growth by the new commercial
classes during the nineteenth century in Europe.

OR

How did ideas of national unity in early nineteenth-century Europe allied to the ideology of liberalism? Explain.
32. Political parties play an important role in democratic countries. Justify the statement.

OR

Describe any five major functions of political parties.


33. "Cheap and affordable credit is crucial for the country's development." Explain the statement.

OR

Self Help Groups (SHGs) are the building blocks of organization of the rural poor. Support the statement with examples.
Section E
34. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:

On 13th April the infamous Jallianwalla Bagh incident took place. On that day a large crowd gathered in the enclosed
ground of Jallianwalla Bagh. Some came to protest against the government’s new repressive measures. Others had come
to attend the annual Baisakhi fair. Dyer entered the area, blocked the exit points, and opened fire on the crowd, killing

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.


6 / 15
myCBSEguide
hundreds. As the news of Jallianwalla Bagh spread, crowds took to the streets in many north Indian towns. There were
strikes, clashes with the police and attacks on government buildings. Seeing violence spread, Mahatma Gandhi called off
the movement. While the Rowlatt satyagraha had been a widespread movement, it was still limited mostly to cities and
towns. Mahatma Gandhi now felt the need to launch a more broad-based movement in India.
i. How did Mahatma Gandhi react to the Rowlatt Act?
ii. What made Mahatma Gandhi call off Rowlatt Satyagraha?
iii. Why did Rowlatt Act enrage people?
To practice more questions & prepare well for exams, download myCBSEguide App. It provides complete study
material for CBSE, NCERT, JEE (main), NEET-UG and NDA exams. Teachers can use Examin8 App to create similar
papers with their own name and logo.
35. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:

Today, in western Rajasthan, sadly the practice of rooftop rainwater harvesting is on the decline as plenty of water is
available due to the perennial Indira Gandhi Canal, though some houses still maintain the tankas since they do not like
the taste of tap water. Fortunately, in many parts of rural and urban India, rooftop rainwater harvesting is being
successfully adapted to store and conserve water. In Gendathur, a remote backward village in Mysuru, Karnataka,
villagers have installed, in their household’s rooftop, rainwater harvesting system to meet their water needs. Nearly 200
households have installed this system and the village has earned the rare distinction of being rich in rainwater. Gendathur
receives an annual precipitation of 1,000 mm, and with 80 per cent of collection efficiency and of about 10 fillings, every
house can collect and use about 50,000 litres of water annually. From the 200 houses, the net amount of rainwater
harvested annually amounts to 1,00,000 litres.

i. What caused the rooftop rainwater harvesting practice to decline in western Rajasthan?
ii. Why do some homes in western Rajasthan continue to use tankas when tap water is readily available?
iii. Explain the successful adaptation of rooftop rainwater harvesting in Gendathur village in Mysuru, Karnataka,
and its impact on water availability.
36. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:

Recent evidence suggests that the groundwater is under serious threat of overuse in many parts of the country. About 300
districts have reported a water level decline of over 4 metres during the past 20 years. Nearly one-third of the country is
overusing their groundwater reserves. In another 25 years, 60 percent of the country would be doing the same if the
present way of using this resource continues. Groundwater overuse is particularly found in the agriculturally prosperous
regions of  Punjab and Western U.P., hard rock plateau areas of central and south India, some coastal areas and the
rapidly growing urban settlements.

Countries like India depend on importing oil from abroad because they do not have enough stocks of their own. If prices
of oil increase this becomes a burden for everyone. There are countries like the USA which have low reserves and hence
want to secure oil through military or economic power. The question of sustainability of development raises many
fundamentally new issues about the nature and process of development.
i. Explain the significance of the prices of oil in the world market.
ii. Groundwater is an example of renewable resources then how can it be overused?
Section F
37. (a) Two places A and B have been marked on the given outline map of India. Identify them and write their correct names
on the lines drawn near them.
A. The place where Indian National Congress session was held in September, 1920.
B. The place associated with Jallianwala Bagh Incident.
(b) On the same outline map of India locate and label any four of the following with suitable Symbols. (any three)
i. Kochi - Major Sea Port
ii. Pune - Software Technology Park

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.


7 / 15
myCBSEguide
iii. Durg– Iron Ore Mines
iv. Naraura - Nuclear Power Plant
v. Chhatrapati Shivaji - International Airport

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.


8 / 15
myCBSEguide

Class 10 - Social Science

Sample Paper - 01 (2023-24)

Solution

Section A
1. (a) anti-colonial movement

Explanation: In India, as in Vietnam and many other colonies, the growth of modern nationalism is intimately
connected to the anti-colonial movement. People began discovering their unity in the process of their struggle with
colonialism.
2. (d) Rajasthan

Explanation: 'Rooftop rainwater harvesting’ was commonly practised to store drinking water, particularly in Rajasthan
as it lies in the desert region rainwater is the only abundant source here. In the flood plains of Bengal, people developed
inundation channels to irrigate their fields.
3. (b) Country B

Explanation: Country B has a more equitable distribution of income. Average income is certainly useful for
comparison, but it does not tell us how this income is distributed among people.
4. (c) Statement i, ii, & iii are correct.

Explanation: Rice is a commercial crop in Haryana and Punjab, but in Odisha, it is a subsistence crop. The main
characteristic of Commercial Farming is the use of higher doses of modern inputs, e.g. high yielding variety (HYV)
seeds, chemical fertilisers, insecticides and pesticides in order to obtain higher productivity. The degree of
commercialisation of agriculture varies from one region to another. 
5. (b) coalition government

Explanation: A government formed by the coming together of at least two political parties. Usually, partners in a
coalition form a political alliance and adopt a common programme.
6. (d) Prudential reasons focus on reducing social conflict and ensuring political stability, while moral reasons emphasize
the value of power sharing in a democratic system.​

Explanation: The first set of reasons, referred to as prudential reasons, highlight the benefits of power sharing in terms
of reducing conflict between social groups, avoiding violence and political instability, and preserving the stability of the
political order. These reasons focus on practical outcomes and the well-being of the society as a whole. On the other
hand, the second set of reasons, referred to as moral reasons, emphasize the fundamental principles of democracy. They
highlight that power sharing is the very spirit of democracy, involving the inclusion of those affected by power and
allowing citizens to participate in decision-making. These moral reasons emphasize the intrinsic value and legitimacy of
power sharing in a democratic system.

To practice more questions & prepare well for exams, download myCBSEguide App. It provides complete study
material for CBSE, NCERT, JEE (main), NEET-UG and NDA exams. Teachers can use Examin8 App to create similar
papers with their own name and logo.
7. (d) A is false but R is true.

Explanation: Democracy is a better form of government because it is legitimate, accountable, responsive, promotes
equality among citizens, enhances the dignity and freedom of the people, improves the quality of decision-making, and
allows room to correct mistakes.
8. (a) Demand Deposit

Explanation: People with extra money deposit it in the banks by opening a bank account in their name. Banks accept
deposits and also pay an interest rate on deposits. People also have the provision to withdraw the money as and when
they require it. A demand deposit consists of funds held in an account from which deposited funds can be withdrawn at
any time from the depository institution.

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.


9 / 15
myCBSEguide
9. (c) Minority French-speaking

Explanation: The minority French-speaking community was relatively rich and powerful.
10. (a) Giuseppe Mazzini and the founding of Young Europe in Berne 1833.

Explanation: Giuseppe Mazzini found the secret society of Young Europe in Berne 1833.
11. (c) Statements i, ii and iii are appropriate.

Explanation: Generally, MNCs buy up local companies as investments and then expand production.
12. (d) The success of the democratic project

Explanation: A public expression of dissatisfaction with democracy shows the success of the democratic project. It
transforms people from the status of a subject into that of a citizen.
13. (c) iv, iii, ii, i

Explanation: ​iv. 1918-19: Distressed UP peasants organised by Baba Ramchandra.

iii. April 1919: Gandhian hartal against Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh massacre.

ii. January 1921: Non-Cooperation and Khilafat movement launched.

i. March 1930: Gandhiji begins Civil Disobedience Movement by breaking salt law at Dandi.
14. (b) Tertiary sector​

Explanation: Transport, storage, communication, banking, trade are some examples of tertiary activities. Since these
activities generate services rather than goods, the tertiary sector is also called the service sector.
15. (a) Both (i) & (ii) are incorrect

Explanation: Menocchio, a miller in Italy, began to read books that were available in his locality. He reinterpreted the
message of the Bible and formulated a view of God and Creation that enraged the Roman Catholic Church. When the
Roman Church began its inquisition to repress heretical ideas, Menocchio was hauled up twice and ultimately executed.
The Roman Church, troubled by such effects of popular readings and questionings of faith, imposed severe controls
over publishers and booksellers and began to maintain an Index of Prohibited Books from 1558.
16. (b) Clue i

Explanation: Red laterite soils in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala are more suitable for crops like cashew nut.
This soil is the result of intense leaching due to heavy rain.
17. (b) Statement i and ii are right.

Explanation: Parties shape public opinion. They raise and highlight issues. Parties have lakhs of members and activists
spread all over the country. Many of the pressure groups are extensions of political parties among different sections of
society. Parties sometimes also launch movements for the resolution of problems faced by people. Often opinions in
society crystallise on the lines parties take.
18. (c) Someone who believes in equal rights and opportunities for women and men.

Explanation: A feminist is someone who supports equal rights for women and men.
19. (b) A and B

Explanation: It is often said that political parties are facing a crisis because they are very unpopular and the citizens are
indifferent to political parties. Political parties are one of the least trusted institutions all over the world. A and B are true
because most political leaders are corrupt. They are involved in scams which tend to make the people feel that politics
does not have good leaders.
20. (d) The law legalises the use of rupee as a medium of payment

Explanation: As per Indian law, no other individual or organisation is allowed to issue currency. Moreover, the law
legalises the use of rupee as a medium of payment that cannot be refused in settling transactions in India. No individual
in India can legally refuse a payment made in rupees.
Section B
21. The two steering wheels in the cartoon symbolise that the German Government was driven or run by two major political
parties (namely the Christian Democratic Union and the Social Democratic Party).

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.


10 / 15
myCBSEguide
22. i. The changes that came in Nationalism in Europe after 1848: Europe moved away from its association with
democracy and revolution, conservatives promoted state power and political domination.
ii. The architect of this process: Otto von Bismarck.
iii. The practice of the process: It was backed by the army and bureaucracy.

OR

Romanticism was a movement in literature and arts, that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing subjectivity,
inspiration and the supremacy of the individual.
a. Critical approach towards science and reason: Glorification of reason and science was criticised by the romantic
artists, rather they favoured emotions, intuitions and mystical feelings.
b. Folk culture as the spirit of the nation: Romantics like the German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder claimed
that the true spirit of the nation could be popularised through folk songs, folk poetry and folk dances. He held the
view that true German culture could be discovered only among the common people, the Das Volk.
c. Emphasis on vernacular language: They gave emphasis on vernacular language to carry the modern nationalist
message to a large audience who were mostly illiterate and to recover the national spirit.
23. i. Agriculture is the process of producing food, feed, fiber and other goods by the systematic raising of plants and
animals. Agriculture is an age old economic activity in our country
ii. Cultivation methods have changed significantly  depending upon the characteristics of physical environment,
technologically know how and socio-cultural practices.
iii. Farming varies from subsistence to commercial type.
iv. At present in different parts of India- primitive subsistence farming, Intensive Subsistence Farming and commercial
Farming are practiced.
v. Agriculture is the cultivation and breeding of animals, plants and fungi for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal plants and
other products used to sustain and enhance human life 
24. The basic idea behind decentralization:
i. Sharing of power between the centre and states and local government reduces conflicts.
ii. There are a large number of problems and issues which are best settled at the local level. People have a better
knowledge of problems in their localities and better ideas on where to spend money and how to manage things more
efficiently.
iii. Besides, at the local level, it is possible for people to directly participate in decision making.
iv. This helps to inculcate a habit of democratic participation.
Section C
25. Yes, it is really very difficult to imagine a world without printed matter because of the following reasons:
i. Everywhere in our surroundings, we find evidence of print, i.e. in books, journals, newspapers, prints of famous
paintings, etc.
ii. We see printed materials in everyday things like theatre programmes, official circulars, calendars, diaries,
advertisements, cinema posters, government notifications etc.
iii. It is a true medium of mass communication like newspaper, journals and books, etc. We read printed literature, see
printed images, follow the news through different newspapers and track public debates that appear in print.
iv. Printed matter helps in preservation and dissemination of history, scientific knowledge and culture, etc.
26. i. Fabric is the basic raw material for garment manufacturing.
ii. Dyeing and finishing is an example of value addition in the textile industry.

OR

i.  After the liberalisation the coming of new and contemporary models stimulated the demand for multi-purpose
vehicles in the market.

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.


11 / 15
myCBSEguide
ii. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) brought in new technology and aligned the industry with global developments.
iii. The two centres of automobile industry are Jamshedpur and Gurugram.
27. i. Loan provided can be used to construct a well, or to buy better quality of seeds and pesticides.
ii. Irrigation facilities can help a farmer to take a second crop, say wheat, during a rabi season which will help provide
employment to more persons and lead to increase in income.
iii. Transportation facility will facilitate taking their produce to the market to sell.
28. Local government is the best way to realise one important principle of democracy, the local self government.

Local Government before 1992 :


i. It was directly under the control of the state Government.
ii. Elections were not held regularly.
iii. Local governments did not have any power or resources of their own.
Local Government after 1992 :
i. Local Governments have got some powers of their own.
ii. Elections are held regularly.
iii. An independent state election commission is responsible to conduct the elections.
29. NREGA 2005 guarantees at least 100 days work for one member of each family. By doing so, this programme fulfils one
of the fundamental rights as per the Constitution. Hence, this programme is aptly called ‘Right to work’.

Being a village head, there are many activities that would increase the income of people under this act. Many activities
under MGNREGA can be taken up including.
i. Water conservation and water harvesting.
ii. Drought proofing by digging tube wells.
iii. Constructing irrigation canals.
iv. Making provision of irrigation facility on the lands of disadvantaged sections, SCs, STs and others.
v. Renovation of traditional water bodies (e.g. tanks).
vi. Land development for agriculture, horticulture etc.
vii. Constructing check dams for flood control and protection.
viii. Construction of roads for improving rural connectivity to provide all-weather access to the villages.
These activities would provide a double benefit. They will provide much needed employment to the people and would
help in the development of village as well.
Section D
30. Atomic energy is generated by splitting nuclear substances such as the atoms of uranium, thorium, Cheralite,
Zirconium under controlled conditions. Splitting of these atoms gives out a lot of energy which can be used for a variety
of purposes such as generating electricity. This energy is expected to play an increasingly important role in India due to
the following reasons:
i. India has limited reserves of coal and petroleum. Nuclear energy minerals like Thorium is found in plenty in India.
ii. Hence, nuclear energy can compensate for the deficiency of fossil fuels.
iii. Nuclear power stations can be established easily and conveniently in those areas where other sources are not
available.
iv. Nuclear power releases tremendous amounts of energy. India can utilize this energy for peaceful purposes such as the
generation of electricity that can be used to run machines in industries.
v. It is a non-conventional source of energy. After the initial expenses, it becomes very economical.

OR

Petroleum is formed from the remains of dead plants and animals. It is referred to as “Black Gold.” This name itself is an
indication of its importance to humans. Crude oil is considered to be the “mother of all commodities” as it is used to

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.


12 / 15
myCBSEguide
manufacture various products such as pharmaceuticals, plastics, gasoline, synthetic fabrics, etc.

Importance of Petroleum: 
i. Petroleum is the major energy source in India.
ii. It provides fuel for heat and lighting.
iii. It provides lubricant for machinery.
iv. It provides the raw material for a number of manufacturing industries.
v. Petroleum refineries act as a nodal industry for synthetic, textile, fertilizer and chemical industries.
An  occurrence: 
i. Most of the petroleum occurrences in India are associated with anticlines and fault traps.
ii. In regions of folding, anticline or domes, it, occurs where oil is trapped in the crest of the up fold.
iii. Petroleum is also found in fault traps between porous and non-porous rocks.
31. Economic conditions that were viewed as obstacles in nineteenth-century Europe are as follows: 
i. The absence of freedom of markets. State-imposed restrictions on the movement of goods and capital.
ii. Napoleon's administration had created a different currency. weights, and measure for each of the 39 states in the
confederation. Conversion of weights and measures for each region created time-consuming calculations and
complications.
iii. There were 11 custom barriers and 5% customs duty at each for carrying goods from one place to another. 
iv. The first half of the 19th century had low explosive population growth. Job-seekers were more and employment
opportunities were less.
v. Small producers faced stiff competition from the import of cheap machine-made goods. Peasants struggled under the
burden of feudal dues.

OR

The ideology of liberalism allied with nationalism in the following ways:


i. In the political sense, liberalism stood for freedom for the individual and equality of all before the law. It emphasised
on the end of aristocracy and clerical privileges, a constitution and representative government through parliament and
the inviolability of private property, drawing its basic foundation from the French Revolution.
ii.  In the economic sense, liberalism stood for the freedom of markets and the abolition of state-imposed restrictions on
the movement of goods and capital.
iii.  From the very beginning, universal suffrage i.e. voting rights were granted only to the property-owning men,
excluding men without property and all women. However, throughout the nineteenth century and early twenties,
many movements were organised demanding equal political rights.
32. Political parties play a vital role in democracies which makes them an essential component of a democracy. The rise of
political parties is directly linked to the emergence of representative democracies The key role played by the political
parties in a democracy is listed below:
Political Parties contest elections. Those who win form the government and those parties that lose in the elections
play the role of opposition to the parties in power,
They offer different policies, schemes, and programs and the voters chose from them.
Political Parties play a decisive role in making laws for the country.
Parties form and run the government. The political executives of the political party in power take big policy
decisions. 
Political Parties shape public opinion. They provide people access to government machinery and welfare schemes
implemented by governments.

OR

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.


13 / 15
myCBSEguide
Functions of political parties are: 
i.  Contesting elections: In most elections around the world, parties put up candidates who compete in the elections.
Different countries have a different way of selecting candidates like in India, top leaders choose. 
ii. Making policies and programmes: Parties make and support policies and programmes according to the various
opinions and interests of people. The government usually follows the programmes of the ruling party. 
iii. Making Laws: The legislature debate and make the laws. Most of the members would belong to a party so they
adhere to the party's decisions and not personal ones usually. 
iv. Forming governments: The big decisions are taken by the political executives who are chosen and are part of the
winning party. Hence, they form and run the government. 
v. Role of opposition: Those who lose the elections become the opposition and they question and criticise the policies
of the government. They represent different views and keep the ruling party in check.
33. Cheap and affordable credit is crucial for the country's development due to the following factors:
i. Higher cost of borrowing means a larger part of the earnings of the borrowers is used to repay the loan. Hence,
borrowers have less income left for themselves.
ii. In certain cases, the high interest rate of borrowing can mean that the amount to be repaid is greater than the income
of the borrower, This could lead to increasing debt and debt trap. For these reasons, banks and co-operative societies
need to lend more.
iii. Cheap credit would also allow weaker sections of society to enter the formal sector of lending and get them rid of
exploitation at the hands of informal moneylenders.
iv. Cheap credit means more income would be left with the borrower to reinvest rather than return as interest. This leads
to the acceleration of economic activity.
v. This would lead to higher incomes and many people could then borrow cheaply for a variety of needs.
vi. They could grow crops, do business, set-up small-scale industries etc.
vii. They could set-up new industries or trade goods.

OR

SHGs are the building blocks of organisation of the rural poor because of the following reasons:
i. In order to meet the credit needs of the rural poor, SHGs are formed comprising of 15-20 members.
ii. The SHGs provide small loans to its members at a very reasonable interest rate.
iii. SHGs create self-employment opportunities for the rural poor. Women play a very active role in the working of these
groups.
iv. Loans are also provided to the members for releasing their mortgaged land from moneylenders, buying seeds,
fertilisers and other agricultural inputs required for farming, purchasing handlooms, cattle, and other requirements.
v. SHGs help borrowers to overcome the problem of collateral which is required by other sources that provide loans.
vi. SHGs most importantly protect the rural poor from the exploitation of moneylenders.
vii. Apart from meeting the credit needs of the poor SHGs have helped women become financially independent.
viii. It also acts on a variety of social issues such as health, nutrition, domestic violence, etc.
To practice more questions & prepare well for exams, download myCBSEguide App. It provides complete study
material for CBSE, NCERT, JEE (main), NEET-UG and NDA exams. Teachers can use Examin8 App to create similar
papers with their own name and logo.
Section E
34. i. Mahatma Gandhi decided to launch a nationwide satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act (1919).
ii. As the news of Jallianwalla Bagh spread, crowds took to the streets in many north Indian towns. Seeing
violence spread, Mahatma Gandhi decided to call off the movement.
iii. This Act had been hurriedly passed through the Imperial Legislative Council despite the united opposition of
the Indian members. It gave the government enormous powers to repress political activities and allowed the

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.


14 / 15
myCBSEguide
detention of political prisoners without trial for two years.
35. i. The decline in rooftop rainwater harvesting practice in western Rajasthan is due to the availability of plenty of
water from the perennial Indira Gandhi Canal.
ii. Some houses in western Rajasthan still maintain tankas because they do not like the taste of tap water.
iii. In Gendathur village, nearly 200 households have installed rooftop rainwater harvesting systems to meet their
water needs. With an annual precipitation of 1,000 mm, an 80 percent collection efficiency, and approximately
10 fillings, each house can collect and use about 50,000 liters of water annually. As a result, the net amount of
rainwater harvested annually from the 200 houses in Gendathur village amounts to 1,00,000 liters. This
successful adaptation of rooftop rainwater harvesting has made the village rich in rainwater, providing a
sustainable source of water for the community.
36. i. Since most countries do not have enough stock and depend on importing oil from abroad therefore its price has
a far-reaching effect. If prices of oil increase this becomes a burden for everyone.
ii. Even if groundwater is a renewable resource, it can also be overused. This happens when it is used more than
what is being replenished by rain.
Section F
37. a. A. Calcutta
B. Amritsar

b.

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.


15 / 15

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy