MOREH ACADEMY INC.

SCHOOL OF RIGHTEOUSNESS AND EXCELLENCE

THE EFFECTS OF THE DIFFERENT LEARNING STRATEGIES

ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCES OF GRADE 12
GENERAL ACADEMIC STRAND STUDENTS
OF MOREH ACADEMY
S.Y 2022-2023

_________________________________
In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Subject Practical
Research 2 (Quantitative Research)
______________________________________

By:
Sean Daniel Joshua Alzo 
Pareej Roshua Miguell Agus
Rochelle Amago 
Dayang Waheeda Arpa 
Catherine Mae Baselonia 
Marife Candido 
Jemimah Datoc 
Reynel De Castro 
Joyce Duhaylungsod 
John Michael Estrada 
John Andrei Feliciano
Mary Hazelline Gamo 
Einreb James Granil 
Zedrik Carlo Jalos

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Jhon Mille Ruba

Sherwin Rugeria
January 2023

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CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Learning strategies are operations and actions used by students to

enhance the systems of acquiring and processing information and subject ideas.

The main purpose of such strategies would be for students to be able to extract

this prior knowledge in order to implement it. A learning strategy is a set of skills

that students choose to know tasks efficiently. As a result, they can select and

successfully apply the right technique to complete tasks or meet educational

objectives. These methods vary from memory enhancement techniques to

healthier learning and test to prove concepts. A learning strategy is an

individual's way of organizing and using a particular set of skills in order to learn

content or accomplish other tasks more effectively and efficiently in school as

well as in non-academic settings (Schumaker & Deshler, 1992). Focusing on

their academics is one of the challenges students have in their high-pressure

environment. They have developed a wide range of methods to aid in

concentration. One of their methods of surviving the pressures and time

consuming they encounter as a result of things like having a great deal of

studying to do, having a looming deadline to meet, not getting enough sleep due

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to studying for a test tomorrow, and especially time - management skills as not

everyone has the same privileges and different responsibilities and

circumstances at home.

Learning style refers to the unique ways an individual processes and

retains new information and skills. In this study, we aimed to identify the Different

Learning Strategies and its Effect on the Academic Performance of the Grade 12

Students of Moreh Academy Taguig for the Academic Year 2022-2023 subscale

scores in order to determine whether the learning styles of Grade 12 students

could influence academic performance.

Learning can be defined as permanent changes in behavior induced by life.

According to experiential learning theory, learning is “the process whereby

knowledge is created through the transformation of experience”. Facilitating the

learning process is the primary aim of teaching. Understanding the learning

behavior of students is considered to be a part of this process. Therefore, the

concept of learning styles has become a popular topic in recent literature, with

many theories about learning styles put forward to better understand the dynamic

process of learning.

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Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. Demographic Distribution of Researcher’s

profile of students in Questionnaires recommendations
terms of:
Data gathering
1.1 Age
1.2 Sex Survey Different Learning
1.3 Section
Strategies and its
Statistical treatment
2. Factors that of data Effect Program.
affects the learning
strategies of Grade
12 students:

2.1 Family Issues

and Instability

2.2 Learning
Environment

2.3 Class and

Curriculum Structure

Figure 2: Research Paradigm using I-P-O Model

The conceptual framework that was used in the study is the Input-

Process-Output (IPO) Model as shown in Figure 1. The Input defines the

independent variable which contains the demographic profile of the respondents

including the following: Age, Sex, and Section. It also consists of the factors that

affect the respondents’ learning strategies which includes the indicators.

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On the other side, the Process describes the distribution of physical

copies of the questionnaire. The researchers can also easily summarize survey

results at a glance with charts and graphs. Statistical treatment is also mentioned

to analyze data such as Frequency and Percentage, Weighted Mean, and

Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient or Pearson r.

The Output is conducting a seminar or a webinar focusing on the

different learning strategies and its effect in Moreh Academy Inc. The

researchers want to know what habits they have that may interfere with their

ability to learn effectively.

Statement of the Problem

The Effects of the Different Learning Strategies on the Academic

Performances of the Grade 12 General Academic Strand Students of Moreh

Academy Taguig S.Y. 2022-2023 

 This study aims to determine the different learning strategies and its effect on

the academic performance of the grade 12 General Academic Strand students of

Moreh Academy Taguig.  

Specifically, it sought to find answers to the following questions: 

  1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:  

1.1 Age

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1.2 Sex

1.3 Section 

  2. How does the different learning strategies affects the academic performance

of the students in terms of:

2.1 Memory Strategies

2.2 Cognitive Strategies

2.3 Compensation Strategies

2.4 Meta-Cognitive Strategies

2.5 Affective Strategies

2.6 Social Strategies

 3. Which study habit is the most effective accordingly to the respondents? Least

effective? 

 4. Based on the results, what kind of student program and recommendations the

researchers can propose?

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Hypothesis

Ho: As a result of using different strategies of Moreh Academy Taguig teachers,

there will either be no difference in the academic performance of the students or

there will be a significant decrease in their grades. 

Ha: As a result of using different strategies of Moreh Academy Taguig teachers,

there will be a significant increase of the students failing in their academic

performance.

Scope and Delimitation

This study is assessing the effect of different learning strategies on the academic

performance of students at Moreh Academy under of Senior High school S.Y

2022-2023. These students are from the Grade 12. The data gathered utilized

questionnaires survey and being distributed to the respondent. The researcher

used simple random sampling technique in which each sample has an equal

chance of being chosen. This study aims to truly understand the effect of

different learning strategies on the Academic performance of the Grade-12

students. 

Significance of the Study

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This study aimed to identify the Different Learning Strategies and its Effect on

the Academic Performance of the grade 12 Students of Moreh Academy Taguig

for the Academic year 2022-2023 subscale scores in order to determine whether

the learning styles of Grade 12 students could influence academic performance.

For the student, the Different Learning Strategies may help them to develop

holistically. It could be an aid in making them more creative, critical thinkers,

develop their communicating and collaborative skill. It may improve academic

achievements of students and deepens their conceptual understanding.

Furthermore, when students understand their own learning styles, they can

optimize their approach to studying and homework. The result of this study will

help the parents to give the right guidance to the students to know more about

different learning styles. In different learning strategies, parents help students

begin to understand the process of learning. They can motivate their child to

improves achievement, self-esteem, and behavior. Teachers engage the

students in conversation about the different learning strategies. They can do a

review with students to help them develop their thinking. They can give the

quizzes to improve the knowledge of each student.

Definition of Terms

Listed below are terms taken from this study to enable future readers of this

study to understand the contents of this research.

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Enhancement techniques. It is a skill enhancement or training typically

uses a combination of cognitive and behavior problem solving approaches, both

of which are used to strengthen a person's positive skill develop.

Looming. It is to come into sight in enlarged or distorted and indistinct form

often as a result of atmospheric conditions.

Subscale. Subscales are constituent parts of an overall subject composite

scale.

Delimits. It is to fix or define the limits of.

Locale. It is a place where something happens or is set, or that has

particular events associated with it.

Alleviate. Make (suffering, deficiency, or a problem) less severe.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This study is about the effects of different learning strategies of the

students. Through this research, parents, teachers and students particularly the

teenagers, they will know the definition, benefits, nature, positive, negative and

advantages and disadvantages of different learning strategies.

Related Literature

Foreign Literature

According Cheng and Tsai (2019), the teacher-student interaction

behaviors within the learning activity were researched as a result of the scholars'

educational experiences, involving their perceptions of presence, the change of

their psychological aspects and beliefs, and their attitudes. The study's findings

demonstrated that students' motivation was typically higher, particularly due to a

decrease in academic stress.

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Kucuk and Sisman (2017) notice that mistreatment of artificial intelligence

in education could be a valuable tool for developing learners’ psychological

features moreover as social skills. It is discovered that the academics' guidance

closely resembled the describing how the students behaved and expressing their

ideas that were in line with the professors'  queries.

According to Vale et al. (2017), the ability of human and non-human

culture are evaluated on how we often imply by the term "culture" and the degree

to which a number of basic cultural elements—innovation, social learning

processes, and transmission biases—are shared among the primate order. The

study discussed additive culture, the ability to develop sophisticated cultural

features by expanding on examines if nonhuman primates demonstrate similar

cultural development to humans in terms of current behavioral patterns.

Macpherson et al. (2000) investigated into interactive training sessions

for primary school pupils and fogeys. This study's goal was to create interactive

preparatory sessions for students in grades I–IV and their parents or aides and

caregivers conducting a house check combining cooperative learning with a

cooperative model educators working with the community as partners

academics.

As stated by Shi, H. (2017), successful learning strategies are the

methods and methods that students utilize to acquire, store, retain, recall, and

adopt knowledge. The main participants in the educational process, according to

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cognitive learning theories, are the students, who go beyond just absorbing

knowledge to actively participating in the learning process. As a result, pupils

digest and effectively assimilate information by engaging in mental activities in

addition to receiving it. Park et al. (2019) analyzed performance-based rewards

and completion-based rewards for game-based learning. They looked at the

efficiency of various reward structures in game-based learning and group action

learning. It suggests a performance-based reward as an alternative to

integration.

In comparison to a completion-contingent reward, the mechanism's impacts on

learning, motivation, engagement, and system perception are evaluated. The

experiment's findings demonstrate that the anticipated benefit structure results in

a statistically significant rise in motivation, engagement, and learning.

Local Literature

According to a study of Tulabing, A.J (2018), the academic success of

pupils is put at risk when there is a mismatch between their learning preferences

and the teaching methods used by their teachers. The purpose of this study was

to ascertain the connections between students' academic achievement, learning

styles, and learning experiences. The study's descriptive correlation design was

used. 120 students from Davao City Schools Division's public secondary schools

participated in the survey. Quota sampling was used to choose the respondents. 

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  According to the study of Matcha,W (2019) Learning analytics has the

potential to detect and explain characteristics of learning strategies through

analysis of trace data and communicate the findings via feedback. 

According to Journal of Technology and Science Education (2019), the need to

apply instructional strategies and activities that naturally correspond with their

predispositions will make university students better learners and better equip

them to become proficient, versatile, and productive information and industrial

technologists in the twenty-first century. In this study, students at Cagayan State

University in Lasam, the Philippines, who were enrolled in applied science

courses, were asked about their preferred learning styles, study habits, and

academic accomplishment levels. The study used a descriptive correlational

research design with a total of 75 respondents who were chosen at random for

the investigation. The researcher used two sets of standardized instruments. The

study's findings showed that the applied sciences students favored group,

kinesthetic, and visual learning styles. individuals exhibit significant learning

styles and a mediocre level of study practices. Also, they perform well

academically. According to a test of difference, academic achievement, the kind

of the high school they graduated from, and the fathers' line of work all

significantly influenced the learners' perceptual learning styles. When they were

categorized according to their mothers' educational backgrounds, writing abilities,

academic standing in high school, and test anxiety, they also indicated disparities

in their study habits. Finally, there were strong correlations between students'

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academic success in applied science courses and their learning preferences,

study techniques, and routines. The study's conclusions can help instructors

create and present effective educational interventions.

Related Studies

Foreign Studies

Learning styles, according to Keefe (1982), are intellectual, affective, and

physiological features that work as reasonably consistent indications of how

students experience, engage with, and react to their learning environment.

According to Cassidy (2004), learning styles research was initially connected to

the theoretical field of psychology.

However, as learning strategy research grew in popularity in other

sectors, particularly education, it started to have an impact on how people learn

and educate (Curry, 1990). It has received extensive discussion in academic,

educational, and commercial contexts (Coffield et al., 2004). For example,

several nations are examining their knowledge of various learning styles in order

to incorporate it into legislation. Wales and England. However, the applicability of

such study has also been called into question.

Many researchers have categorized themselves into families of learning

styles in order to study these forms of learning. According to Sharp et al. (2008),

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using the following criteria: "face validity," "construct validity," "predictive validity,"

"ecological validity", as well as "cultural validity." It’ll be legitimize.

According to Tod and Ellis (2006), despite new research that casts

doubt on the existence of learning styles, it is still useful to emphasize a certain

modality for a child who is struggling, therefore learning styles are always taken

into account. For students who struggle to focus, a more hands-on and

kinesthetic exercise might be beneficial; for students who have hearing loss,

greater auditory support might be helpful.

The value of learning styles may also have an impact on teachers'

perceptions of individual differences. According to Pajares (1992), teachers'

beliefs will have an impact on what they teach. Teachers who are critically aware

of learning styles are more likely to take great care when planning lessons,

interacting with students, and grading each student individually. Similar to this,

parents who are critically aware of learning styles may be more accepting of their

children's differences from others and supportive of them. Parents who are

encouraging are essential in affecting how students learn (Desforges and

Abouchaar, 2003).

Local Studies

  According to the study of Tus J. (2020), entitled "The Influence of study

attitudes and study habits on the academic performance of the students", the

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academic achievement represents an important component of the constellation

of variables influencing student success. It also has a huge impact on education,

especially by serving as a practical method to gauge students' learning progress.

Psychologists and researchers have utilized numerous cognitive styles, and

ability measurements in an effort to understand how pupils differ in how they

process, retain, and retrieve learnings material. Determining the students' study

practices, and academic achievement was the main goal of this study. This also

looked at how their study strategies affected their academic success. 

In the study conducted by Pinar, F.I (2021), the purpose of this study is to

determine students' perspectives on different learning strategies for using

synchronous and asynchronous distant learning resources at the Grade 12 level

in light of the new trend in education caused by the pandemic or other

comparable conditions. It also highlighted the differences between the

synchronous and asynchronous modes of instruction delivery preferred by

students. 

 According to Magulod, G., Jr. of Journal of Technology and Science Education

(2019) The need to apply instructional strategies and activities that naturally

correspond with their predispositions will make university students better learners

and better equip them to become proficient, versatile, and productive information

and industrial technologists in the twenty-first century. In this study, students at

Cagayan State University in Lasam, the Philippines, who were enrolled in applied

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science courses, were asked about their preferred learning styles, study habits,

and academic accomplishment levels. 

According to Cabal et al. (2021), the purpose of this study was to ascertain the

association between the teaching methods used by science teachers and the

academic achievement of their pupils. During the academic year 2018–2019, the

study was done among the public secondary schools in Subic, Zambales. The

teaching methods of 185 teachers and 600 high school pupils were studied using

a descriptive survey research technique.

According to Cacayan, R. (2017), the ponder was conducted to decide the

students’ mindfulness on m-learning in classroom educational environment as a

premise of joining modern thoughts and defining modern body of information and

unused procedures or strategies to be actualized within the classroom instruction

towards over-all students’ learning.

Synthesis of the Related Literature and Studies

The above collection of both foreign and local studies provides information to the

proponents that their proposed study has similarities with other system which is

widely used. Learning strategies, which can be counted as one of the techniques

used for recognizing individuals, will especially assist the teachers in getting to

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know the group of students in front of them and pave the way for them to become

much more effective. Research on this subject has suggested that the students

who have experienced this learning process and approach will be more

successful. This could have a great impact on learning.

To summarize, both teachers and students should undertake many

responsibilities, but the heaviest responsibility is on the teachers. The teachers

should match teaching style and learning tasks to individual learners’ preferred

styles and provide a range of input styles and learning tasks so that the learners

will sometimes get a task in their preferred style, sometimes in the other styles,

so that they can improve.

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CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The methods the researchers used to gather the data required to

carry out the research are discussed in this chapter. The research design,

population sample, instrumentation, data collection process, and statistical

analysis of the data are all covered.

Research Method

The goals of the dissertation were achieved by the quantitative

study. Data are frequently obtained by using standardized research equipment,

which is the core characteristic of quantitative research. The results are based

on bigger, more representative samples of the population. The study

investigation can often be repeated or copied due to its high reliability.

Students in grade 12 who are enrolled in Moreh Academy's General Academic

Strand for the academic year 2022–2023 make up the study's target population.

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In the academic year 2022–2023, there are a total of 156 grade 12 students in

the general academic strand at Moreh Academy, with a sample size of 50

students using both types of learning strategies. As a result, respondents from

the desired demographic were selected using simple probability random

sampling.

Research Design

Research design is the overall strategy for conducting research that

offers a succinct and logical method to handle a particular study issue through

the collection, interpretation, analysis, and discussion of data (Claybaugh,

2020). The design of the research may be qualitative, quantitative, or mixed. In

these studies, researchers might employ a range of research methodologies,

such as experimental studies, surveys, correlational studies, and quasi-

experimental review studies. A carefully considered research design ensures

that the methods you employ are appropriate for your research objectives and

that the type of analysis you perform is appropriate for your data.

The current study adopts a quantitative methodology to quantitatively describe

the preferences for learning strategies among grade 12 students in the General

Academic strand for the academic year 2022–2023 at Moreh Academy. We

quantified the learning strategies of the GAS students in Grade 12 by asking

them 26 items in a quantitative survey. 50 students will be chosen at random

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from the Grade 12 GAS students at Moreh Academy using simple probability

sampling.

It consists the different learning strategies with the general view of the GAS

student's insight,

strategies that help students learn more effectively and efficiently. Learning

methods are crucial for assisting pupils in avoiding their weak regions and

relying instead on their strong ones.

Population and Sample Technique

This study's target population comprises of Grade 12 students under the

General Academic Strand in Moreh Academy. The table below breaks down the

number of students in the GAS strand for the academic year 2022-2023.

Sections Population Sample Size Percentage

Sections Population Sample Size Percentage

Luke 42 33 29.6%

Samson 47 37 33.1%

Simeon 53 41 37.3%

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Total: 142 104 100%

There are three sections in the GAS curriculum, and it is hard to poll

the whole population due mainly to time and accessibility limits. In order to

determine the necessary sample size, the researchers employed Slovin’s

formula. A sample size of 113 students was chosen from a population of 158 to

reflect the population with a total of 5% margin error. The sample for the study

under consideration was created using the simple random sampling technique.

A simple random sample is a technique in the category of probability sampling

techniques. It is intended to provide an impartial representation of a group. It is

seen as a fair method of selecting a sample from a bigger population since

every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen, resulting

in impartial information (Hayes, 2021).

Formula: 𝑵

1+𝑵e2

Whereas:

N = 142

e = 5% = 0.05

n = 142 / 104

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n = 1 + 153 (0.05) = 46/41

n = 104

Description of Respondents

The respondents in this study are 104 selected grade 12 students under the

General Academic Strand in Moreh Academy year 2022-2023. The proponents

will give a google form through link to the following sections: Luke, Samson,

Simeon in various genders, such as: male and female

GAS MALE FEMALE TOTAL

LUKE 18 17 42

SAMSON 17 17 47

SIMEON 18 17 53

142

Research Instrument

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The instrument used to collect data was the questionnaire. This was used

because it gathered data faster than any other methods. Besides the

respondents were senior high school students. They could read and answer the

questionnaire with ease the researchers prepared own questionnaire. The draft

of the questionnaires were created using readings and reviews that relevant to

the study. In addition, the instrument was validated by few consultants and

former teacher before it laid on the study. The overall survey used a 4-point

Likert Scale.

Questionnaire is one of the most widely used tools to collect data in especially

social science research. The main objective of questionnaire in research is to

obtain relevant information in most reliable and valid manner. Thus, the

accuracy and consistency of survey/questionnaire forms a significant aspect of

research methodology which are known as validity and reliability

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers distributed an online survey "Google forms" to Grade 12

students in Moreh Academy Inc.'s General Academic strand in Taguig City,

with the approval of the assigned teacher on that day. The respondents were

asked about the different Learning Strategies in terms of Memory, Cognitive,

Compensation, Meta-Cognitive, Affective, and Social. The data from the online

survey forms answered by the Grade 12 GAS students was gathered by the

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researchers upon the accomplishments. The data gathered was organized and

tabulated according to the result of the survey, and the researchers had some

findings from various references that we used to give strong support for our

study.

 Statistical Treatment of Data

The researchers collected surveys to organize, analyze, and used the

statistical treatment results to organize, evaluate, and interpret the responses.

The percentage, Weighted Mean, and Likert Scale are the tools that will use to

interpret the data.

1. Percentage

The frequency of each response will be determined by the number of

respondents who check in the particular item. The demographic profile of the

respondents will be obtained using the formula of the percentage..

F
Formula: %= X 100
N

Where: % is the percentage

F is the frequency

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N is the total number of respondents

100 is the constant value

2. Average Weighted Mean

Because it is less prone to errors, the mean is the most commonly used

tool for calculating central tendency. The tabulated data will be analyzed using

frequency distribution, percentage, and weighted mean.

⪪ fx
Formula: X=
f

Where: X is the weighted mean

⪪ fx is the sum of all products

f is the sum of all the respondents

3. Likert Scale

The following description was adapted to quantify the respondents’

answer to each item:

Scale Equivalent Descriptive Rating

1 Always

2 Often

3 Rarely

4 Never
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