Scribd
Upload
2K views2 pages

Setp by Step Design of Transformer

This document provides a step-by-step process for designing a 250VA isolation transformer with specifications including 230V input and output voltages, 250W output power, and 95% efficiency. The 24 steps include calculating total power, electrical conditions, core geometry, winding turns, conductor sizes, copper and core losses, temperature rise, and ensuring specifications are met. Key parameters such as flux density, current density, and regulation are calculated at each stage to optimize transformer performance.

Uploaded by

blaagica
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2K views2 pages

Setp by Step Design of Transformer

This document provides a step-by-step process for designing a 250VA isolation transformer with specifications including 230V input and output voltages, 250W output power, and 95% efficiency. The 24 steps include calculating total power, electrical conditions, core geometry, winding turns, conductor sizes, copper and core losses, temperature rise, and ensuring specifications are met. Key parameters such as flux density, current density, and regulation are calculated at each stage to optimize transformer performance.

Uploaded by

blaagica
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Setp by step design of transformer

1. 1 Inductor and Transformer Design Design Problem # 1 Design a (250 VA) 250 Watt isolation
transformer with the following specifications using core geometry 𝑲 𝒈 approach. Input voltage, 𝑽𝒊 =
230 V Output voltage, 𝑽 𝒐 = 230 V Output Power, 𝑷 𝒐 = 250 Watts Frequency, 𝒇 = 50 Hz Efficiency, 𝜼
= 95 % Regulation, 𝜶 = 5 % Flux density, 𝑩 𝒂𝒄 = 1.6 T Design Steps: - Various steps involved in
designing this transformer are: Step # 1: Calculation of total power Total power, 𝑃𝑡 = 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 +
𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 𝑃𝑂 𝜂 + 𝑃𝑂 = 250 0.95 + 250 = 513.16 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠. Step # 2: Calculation of electrical
condition Electrical conditions, 𝐾𝑒 = 0.145𝐾𝑓 2 𝑓2 𝐵 𝑚 2 × 10−4 = 0.145 × 4.44 × 502 × 1.62 × 10−4 =
1.83 Step # 3: Calculation of core geometry Core geometry, 𝐾𝑔 = 𝑃𝑡 2𝐾 𝑒 𝛼 = 513.16 2×1.83×5 = 𝟏𝟖.
𝟎𝟒 cm5 Step # 4: Selection of transformer core For the core geometry calculated in step # 3, the closest
lamination number is 𝑬𝑰 − 𝟏𝟓𝟎. For 𝑬𝑰 − 𝟏𝟓𝟎 lamination, Magnetic path length (MPL) = 22.9 cm Core
weight =2.334 Kg
2. 2 Copper weight = 853 gm Mean length turn (MLT) = 22 cm Iron area, 𝐴 𝑐 = 13.8 cm2 Window area,
𝑊𝑎 = 10.89 cm2 Area product, 𝐴 𝑝 = 𝐴 𝑐 × 𝑊𝑎 = 150 cm2 Core geometry, 𝐾𝑔 = 28.04 cm5 Surface
area, 𝐴 𝑡 = 479 cm2 Step # 5: Calculation of primary number of turns Primary number of turns, 𝑁𝑝 =
𝑉𝑖×104 𝐾 𝑓 𝐵 𝑎𝑐 𝑓𝐴 𝑐 = 513.16×104 4.44×1.6×50×13.8 = 𝟒𝟕𝟎 turns Step # 6: Calculation of current
density Current density, 𝐽 = 𝑃𝑡×104 𝐾 𝑓×𝐾 𝑢×𝐵 𝑎𝑐×𝑓×𝐴 𝑝 = 513.16×104 4.44×0.4×1.6×50×150 =
240.78 A/cm2 Step # 7: Calculation of input current Input current, 𝐼𝑖 = 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 =
𝑃𝑜/𝜂 𝑉𝑖 = ( 250 0.95 ) 230 = 1.144 A Step # 8: Calculation of cross-sectional area (bare) of conductor
for primary winding Bare conductor cross-sectional area, 𝐴 𝑤𝑝(𝐵) = 𝐼 𝑖 𝐽 = 1.144 240.78 = 0.00475 cm2
Step # 9: Selection of wire from wire table The closest Standard Wire Gauge (SWG) corresponding to
the bare conductor area calculated in step # 8 is 21 SWG. For 21 SWG conductor, 𝐴 𝑤𝑝(𝐵) = 0.00519
cm2 i.e. 0.519 mm2 Resistance for 21 SWG conductor is 33.2 Ω Km = 332 𝜇Ω 𝑐𝑚 Step # 10:
Calculation of primary winding resistance Resistance of primary winding, 𝑅 𝑝 = 𝑀𝐿𝑇 × 𝑁𝑝 × 332 ×
10−6 = 22 × 470 × 332 × 10−6 = 3.433 Ω
3. 3 Step # 11: Calculation of copper loss in primary winding Primary winding copper loss 𝑃𝑝 = 𝐼 𝑝 2 × 𝑅
𝑝 = 1.1442 × 3.433 = 4.493 Watts Step # 12: Calculation of secondary winding turns Number of turns in
the secondary winding 𝑁𝑠 = 𝑁 𝑝×𝑉𝑠 𝑉𝑖 [1 + 𝛼 100 ] = 469×230 230 [1 + 5 100 ] = 493 Step # 13:
Calculation of bare conductor area for secondary winding Cross-sectional area of bare conductor for
secondary winding 𝐴 𝑤𝑠(𝐵) = 𝐼 𝑖 𝐽 = 1.087 240.78 = 0.00451 cm2 = 0.451 mm2 Step # 14: Selection of
conductor size required for secondary winding From the wire table, the closest cross-sectional area (i.e.
next to) is found by choosing the conductor size as 21 SWG. For 21 SWG wire, bare conductor area is
0.519 mm2 , for which resistance/cm is 332 𝜇Ω/𝑐𝑚. Step # 15: Calculation of secondary winding
resistance Secondary winding resistance 𝑅 𝑠 = 𝑀𝐿𝑇 × 𝑁𝑠 × 332 × 10−6 = 22 × 493 × 332 × 10−6 =
3.601 Ω Step # 16: Calculation of copper in secondary winding Copper loss in secondary winding, 𝑃𝑠 =
𝐼 𝑜 2 × 𝑅 𝑠 = 1.0872 × 3.601 = 4.255 Watts Step # 17: Calculation of total copper loss Total copper loss,
𝑃𝑐𝑢 = 𝑃𝑝 + 𝑃𝑠 = 4.493 + 4.255 = 8.747 Watts Step # 18: Calculation of voltage regulation Voltage
regulation, 𝛼 = 𝑃𝑐𝑢 𝑃𝑜 = 8.747 250 = 0.035 = 3.5 % Step # 19: Calculation of Watts per Kg (W/K)
Watts/Kg, 𝑊 𝐾 = 0.000557𝑓1.68 𝐵𝑎𝑐 1.86 = 0.000557 × 501.68 × 1.61.86 = 0.9545
4. 4 Step # 20: Calculation of core loss Core loss, 𝑃𝑓𝑒 = 𝑊 𝐾 × 𝑊𝑡𝑓𝑒 × 10−3 = 0.9545 × 2334 × 10−3 =
2.23 Watts Step # 21: Calculation of total loss Total loss in the transformer, 𝑃Σ = 𝑃𝑐𝑢 + 𝑃𝑓𝑒 = 8.748 +
2.23 = 10.978 Watts Step # 22: Calculation of Watts/unit area Watts/unit area, 𝜓 = 𝑃Σ 𝐴 𝑡 = 10.978 479
= 0.023 Watts/cm2 Step # 23: Calculation of temperature rise Temperature rise, 𝑇𝑟 = 450𝜓0.826 = 450
× 0.0230.826 = 19.95 0 C Step # 24: Calculation of window utilization factor Window utilization factor,
𝐾 𝑢 = 𝐾 𝑢𝑝 + 𝐾 𝑢𝑠 = 𝑁 𝑝×𝐴 𝑤𝑝(𝐵) 𝑊𝑎 + 𝑁 𝑠×𝐴 𝑤𝑠(𝐵) 𝑊𝑎 = 470×0.00519+493×0.00519 10.89 = 0.46

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy