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    Modern Engineering

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    moveena abdullah
    The document discusses the use of mathematics by artisans and craftsmen before modern engineering. It then covers various mechanical devices that were in use during the Renaissance period, including ore stamping mills, forge hammers, and blast bellows. The document also discusses how the movable metal printing press and developments in military technology and architecture advanced science and technology during this era.

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    Modern Engineering

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    moveena abdullah
    12 views2 pages
    The document discusses the use of mathematics by artisans and craftsmen before modern engineering. It then covers various mechanical devices that were in use during the Renaissance period, including ore stamping mills, forge hammers, and blast bellows. The document also discusses how the movable metal printing press and developments in military technology and architecture advanced science and technology during this era.

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    The document discusses the use of mathematics by artisans and craftsmen before modern engineering. It then covers various mechanical devices that were in use during the Renaissance period, including ore stamping mills, forge hammers, and blast bellows. The document also discusses how the movable metal printing press and developments in military technology and architecture advanced science and technology during this era.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    12 views2 pages

    Modern Engineering

    Uploaded by

    moveena abdullah
    The document discusses the use of mathematics by artisans and craftsmen before modern engineering. It then covers various mechanical devices that were in use during the Renaissance period, including ore stamping mills, forge hammers, and blast bellows. The document also discusses how the movable metal printing press and developments in military technology and architecture advanced science and technology during this era.

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    Before the development of modern engineering, mathematics was used by artisans and craftsmen,

    such as millwrights, clock makers, instrument makers and surveyors. Aside from these professions,
    universities were not believed to have had much practical significance to technology. [79]: 32 
    A standard reference for the state of mechanical arts during the Renaissance is given in the mining
    engineering treatise De re metallica (1556), which also contains sections on geology, mining and
    chemistry. De re metallica was the standard chemistry reference for the next 180 years.[79] Among
    the water powered mechanical devices in use were ore stamping mills, forge hammers, blast
    bellows, and suction pumps.

    Dome of Florence Cathedral


     

    Design for a flying machine (c.1488) by da Vinci

    Due to the casting of cannon, the blast furnace came into widespread use in France in the mid 15th
    century. The blast furnace had been used in China since the 4th century BC. [13][80]
    The invention of the movable cast metal type printing press, whose pressing mechanism was
    adapted from an olive screw press, (c. 1441) lead to a tremendous increase in the number of books
    and the number of titles published. Movable ceramic type had been used in China for a few
    centuries and woodblock printing dated back even further. [81]
    The era is marked by such profound technical advancements like linear perceptivity, double shell
    domes or Bastion fortresses. Note books of the Renaissance artist-engineers such
    as Taccola and Leonardo da Vinci give a deep insight into the mechanical technology then known
    and applied. Architects and engineers were inspired by the structures of Ancient Rome, and men
    like Brunelleschi created the large dome of Florence Cathedral as a result. He was awarded one of
    the first patents ever issued in order to protect an ingenious crane he designed to raise the large
    masonry stones to the top of the structure. Military technology developed rapidly with the widespread
    use of the cross-bow and ever more powerful artillery, as the city-states of Italy were usually in
    conflict with one another. Powerful families like the Medici were strong patrons of the arts and
    sciences. Renaissance science spawned the Scientific Revolution; science and technology began a
    cycle of mutual advancement.
    Age of Exploration[edit]
    Main article: Age of Exploration

    An improved sailing ship, the nau or carrack, enabled the Age of Exploration with the European
    colonization of the Americas, epitomized by Francis Bacon's New Atlantis. Pioneers like Vasco da
    Gama, Cabral, Magellan and Christopher Columbus explored the world in search of new trade
    routes for their goods and contacts with Africa, India and China to shorten the journey compared
    with traditional routes overland. They produced new maps and charts which enabled following
    mariners to explore further with greater confidence. Navigation was generally difficult, however,
    owing to the problem of longitude and the absence of accurate chronometers. European powers
    rediscovered the idea of the civil code, lost since the time of the Ancient Greeks.
    Pre-Industrial Revolution[edit]

    Newcomen steam engine for pumping mines


    The stocking frame, which was invented in 1598, increased a knitter's number of knots per minute
    from 100 to 1000.[82]
    Mines were becoming increasingly deep and were expensive to drain with horse powered bucket
    and chain pumps and wooden piston pumps. Some mines used as many as 500 horses. Horse-
    powered pumps were replaced by the Savery steam pump (1698) and the Newcomen steam
    engine (1712).[83]

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