History of English Literature PDF Notes

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HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE

THE ANGLO-SAXON OR OLD-ENGLISH PERIOD
(450-1050)
We are going to discuss:
1. Background of ancient British Literature

2. The Old English Language
3. Old English Poetry
4. Beowulf
5. Old English Christian Poetry
6. Alfred and the Beginning of English Prose
Overview:
Many cultures and ethnic groups were in conflict in Ancient Britain. The Romans,
Germanic invaders and Christian missionaries brought a diverse mix of culture to
Celtic Tribes who occupied the island.
Roman Influence:
 It begins in 43 A.D
 The island becomes the part of the Roman Empire.
 They built:
i) Impressive roads .
ii) Towns.
iii) Peace under the Roman Law.
iv) Roman and Celtic Britions intermarried.
Northern European Invaders:
 Roman withdrew in Early 5th century
 Conflict starts between native tribes
 Conflict between:
i) Romanized Britain
ii) Celtic Tribes: Scotland and Wales
 Germanic Tribes from Western Europe Invaded
 Angles
 Saxon and
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 Jutes
(Generally called Anglo-Saxon )
Anglo-Saxon: The old Saxon word angul or ongul means a hook, and the English
verb angle is used invariably by Walton and older writers in the sense of fishing.
The name Saxon from seax, sax, a short sword, means the sword-man
By gradual changes this became first Anglelond, Englelond and then England.
 Two social classes
 Ruling Class , called Earls
 Lower Class , Called Churls
Religion:
 Many deities
 Believe In Immortality being dead in Battle
 Destiny was controlled by WYRD( means fate)
Birth of Christianity:
 The Monk Augustine Arrived in Kent in 597.
 He converted King Ethelbert.
 Within two generations Christianity had spread throughout Britain.
 Monks began Teaching Latin and Greek in Monastery Schools.
 Then, Alfred was Crowned in 871.
 He ordered to translate important classics into West Saxon.
BEFORE THE CHRISTIANITY , POEMS WERE COMPOSED AND PRESENTED ORALLY LIKE:
BEOWULF.
OLD ENGLLISH LANGUAGE:
 The vocabulary was small
 Resistant to change , unlike modern English
 The old English word sta`n is the same as modern English stone
DIALECTS:
 There were great differences among four major dialects spoken in Anglo-Saxon
England:
I) NORTHUMBRAIN
II) MERCIAN
III) KENTISH AND
IV) WEST SAXON
OLD ENGLISH POETRY:

 Before the coming of Christianity

 Poems composed and presented orally
 Most of the early poetry is concerned with heroic battle feats
 However some are lyrical.
 Their poetry was full of Kennings, Alliteration and Repetition.
WHAT IS KENNING?
A metaphorical compound word or phrase used especially in Old English and in Old
English Poetry.
Examples:
1. Swan-road for Ocean or sea
2. Bone-house for Body
What is ALLITERATION?
The use of words that begin with the same sound near one another or
The repetition of usually initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words.
Example:
Wild and woolly
Babbling Brook
Threatening throngs
Repetition: Statements are repeated, in different words for emphasis.
Beowulf Summary
 The poem begins with a brief genealogy of the Danes. Scyld Shefing was the first great
king of the Danes, known for his ability to conquer enemies. Scyld becomes the great-
grandfather of Hrothgar, the king of the Danes during the events of Beowulf.
Hrothgar, like his ancestors before him, is a good king, and he wishes to celebrate his
reign by building a grand hall called Heorot. Once the hall is finished, Hrothgar holds a
large feast. The revelry attracts the attentions of the monster Grendel, who decides to
attack during the night. In the morning, Hrothgar and his thanes discover the
bloodshed and mourn the lost warriors. This begins Grendel's assault upon the Danes.
 Twelve years pass. Eventually the news of Grendel's aggression on the Danes reaches
the Geats, another tribe. A Geat thane, Beowulf, decides to help the Danes; he sails to
the land of the Danes with his best warriors. Upon their arrival, Hrothgar's thane
Wulfgar judges the Geats worthy enough to speak with Hrothgar. Hrothgar

remembers when he helped Beowulf's father Ecgtheow settle a feud; thus, he

welcomes Beowulf's help gladly.
 Heorot is filled once again for a large feast in honor of Beowulf. During the feast, a
thane named Unferth tries to get into a boasting match with Beowulf by accusing him
of losing a swimming contest. Beowulf tells the story of his heroic victory in the
contest, and the company celebrates his courage. During the height of the
celebration, the Danish queen Wealhtheow comes forth, bearing the mead-cup. She
presents it first to Hrothgar, then to the rest of the hall, and finally to Beowulf. As he
receives the cup, Beowulf tells Wealhtheow that he will kill Grendel or be killed in
Heorot. This simple declaration moves Wealhtheow and the Danes, and the revelry
continues. Finally, everyone retires. Before he leaves, Hrothgar promises to give
Beowulf everything if he can defeat Grendel. Beowulf says that he will leave God to
judge the outcome. He and his thanes sleep in the hall as they wait for Grendel.
 Eventually Grendel arrives at Heorot as usual, hungry for flesh. Beowulf watches
carefully as Grendel eats one of his men. When Grendel reaches for Beowulf, Beowulf
grabs Grendel's arm and doesn't let go. Grendel writhes about in pain as Beowulf
grips him. He thrashes about, causing the hall to nearly collapse. Soon Grendel tears
away, leaving his arm in Beowulf's grasp. He slinks back to his lair in the moors and
dies.
 The Danes, meanwhile, consider Beowulf as the greatest hero in Danish history.
Hrothgar's minstrel sings songs of Beowulf and other great characters of the past,
including Sigemund (who slew a dragon) and Heremod (who ruled his kingdom
unwisely and was punished). In Heorot, Grendel's arm is nailed to the wall as a trophy.
Hrothgar says that Beowulf will never lack for riches, and Beowulf graciously thanks
him. The horses and men of the Geats are all richly adorned, in keeping with
Hrothgar's wishes.
 Another party is held to celebrate Beowulf's victory. Hrothgar's minstrel tells another
story at the feast, the story of the Frisian slaughter. An ancient Danish king had a
daughter named Hildeburh; he married her to a king of the Frisians. While Hnaef,
Hildeburh's brother, visited his sister, the Frisians attacked the Danes, killing Hnaef
and Hildeburh's son in the process. Hengest, the next leader of the Danes, desired

vengeance, and in the spring, the Danes attacked the Frisians, killing their leader and
taking Hildeburh back to Denmark.
 After this story is told, Wealhtheow presents a necklace to Hrothgar while pleading
with her brother-in-law Hrothulf to help her two young sons if they should ever need
it. Next she presents many golden treasures to Beowulf, such as necklaces, cups, and
rings. Soon the feast ends, and everyone sleeps peacefully.
 In the night, Grendel's mother approaches the hall, wanting vengeance for her son.
The warriors prepared for battle, leaving enough time for Grendel's mother to grab
one of Hrothgar's counselors and run away. When Beowulf is summoned to the hall,
he finds Hrothgar in mourning for his friend Aeschere. Hrothgar tells Beowulf where
the creatures like Grendel live‹in a shadowy, fearful land within the moors.
 Beowulf persuades Hrothgar to ride with him to the moors. When they reach the
edge of the moors, Beowulf calls for his armor, takes a sword from Unferth, and dives
into the lake. After a long time, Beowulf reaches the bottom of the lake, where
Grendel's mother is waiting to attack. Beowulf swings his sword, but discovers that it
cannot cut her, so he tosses it away. They then wrestle until Beowulf spies a large
sword nearby. He grabs it by the hilt and swings‹killing Grendel's mother by slicing off
her head. Still in a rage, Beowulf finds the dead Grendel in the lair and cuts off his
head as a trophy.
 As they wait, the Danes have given up all hope for Beowulf because he has been
underwater for such a long time. They are shocked when Beowulf returns with
Grendel's head and the hilt of the sword (which melted with the heat of Grendel's
blood). They bear the hero and his booty back to Heorot, where another celebration
takes place. Beowulf recounts his battle; Hrothgar praises him and gives him advice on
being a king. A grand feast follows, and Beowulf is given more priceless treasures. The
next morning, the Geats look forward to leaving Denmark. Before they leave, Beowulf
promises aid for Hrothgar from the Danes. Hrothgar praises Beowulf and promises
that their lands will have an alliance forever. As the Geats leave, Hrothgar finds
himself wishing Beowulf would never leave.

 The Geats return with much rejoicing to their homeland, where their king Hygelac and
his queen Hygd greet them. In an aside, the narrator compares Hygd to the queen of
the ancient Offa, who is not tamed until Offa comes to subjugate her. Beowulf tells his
lord the events of his trip to Denmark. In the process, he tells another story that had
previously been unmentioned. Hrothgar betrothed his daughter Freawaru to a prince
of the Heathobards in order to settle an old feud. Beowulf speculates that someone
will goad this Heathobard prince to take vengeance upon the Danes for all their past
wrongs. Hygelac praises Beowulf for his bravery and gives him half the kingdom. They
rule the kingdom together in peace and prosperity. Hygelac is killed in a battle soon
after, so Beowulf becomes king of the Geats and rules the kingdom well.
 In the fiftieth year of Beowulf's reign, a monster arises to terrorize the Geats. A
treasure trove was left by an ancient civilization, which guarded it jealously until only
one member of the race was left. After the last person's death, a fire-breathing
dragon found the treasure and guarded it for three hundred years. One day, a slave
stumbled upon the treasure and stole a cup as an offering to his lord. The dragon
awakened to find something missing from his treasure, and began his rampage upon
the Geats.
 One day, Beowulf learns that this dragon has destroyed his own great hall. This attack
sends him into deep thought. Soon he orders a shield to use for battle, but not
without a heavy heart at what may happen to him. He recalls Hygelac's death in battle
and his own narrow escape from this battle. He recalls a number of battles he has
seen as he travels to the dragon's lair with eleven of his thanes. The servant who stole
the cup leads them to the lair.
 As they wait to attack the dragon, Beowulf recounts the Geat royal family's plight, in
which Hygelac's oldest brothers killed each other and left their father to die of a
broken heart. Beowulf says he served Hygelac well, and a sword (named Naegling)
that he won while serving Hygelac will help him save the kingdom once again.
Beowulf leads the charge to the dragon's cave. The shield protects him from the
dragon's flames, but his men flee in fear, leaving only one man behind. This man is
Wiglaf, Beowulf's kinsman through Ecgtheow. Wiglaf becomes angry, but swears that
he will stay by Beowulf's side.

 Just then the dragon rushes up to them. Beowulf and the dragon swing at each other
three times, finally landing mortal blows upon each other the last time. The dragon is
beheaded, but Beowulf is bitten and has a mortal poison from the dragon flowing
through his body as a result. Wiglaf bathes his lord's body as Beowulf speaks on the
treasure. He says that Wiglaf should inherit it as his kinsman; then he dies.
 After his death, the cowards return, to be severely chastised by Wiglaf. He sends a
messenger to tell the people of their king's death. The messenger envisions the joy of
the Geats' enemies upon hearing of the death of Beowulf. He also says that no man
shall ever have the treasure for which Beowulf fought. Wiglaf and Beowulf's thanes
toss the dragon's body into the sea. They place the treasure inside a mound with
Beowulf's body and mourn for "the ablest of all world-kings."
WIDSITH. The poem "Widsith", It expresses the wandering life of the gleeman.
DEOR’S LAMENT. In "Deor" we have another picture of the Saxon scop, or minstrel,
not in glad wandering, but in manly sorrow.
"Deor" is much more poetic than "Widsith," and is the one perfect lyric16 of the
Anglo-Saxon period.
THE SEAFARER. The wonderful poem of "The Seafarer" seems to be in two distinct
parts.
The first shows the hardships of ocean life; but stronger than hardships is the subtle
call of the sea.
The second part is an allegory, in which the troubles of the seaman are symbols of the
troubles of this life, and the call of the ocean is the call in the soul to be up and
away to its true home with God.
THE FIGHT AT FINNSBURGH AND WALDERE:
Two other oldest poems. The "Fight at Finnsburgh" is a fragment of fifty lines.
"Waldere" is a fragment of two leaves, from which we get only a glimpse of the story
of Waldere (Walter of Aquitaine) and his betrothed bride Hildgund, who were
hostages at the
court of Attila.
Now we will learn about prominent personalities of this era
BEDE (673-735)
The Venerable Bede, he is generally called, first great scholar and "the father of
English learning,". His works, over forty in number, covered the
whole field of human knowledge in his day. The most important work is the
“Ecclesiastical History of the English People”.
CÆDMON (7th Century)
The greatest work attributed to Cædmon is the so-called Paraphrase. It is the story of

Genesis, Exodus, and a part of Daniel, told in glowing, poetic language, with a power
of insight and imagination which often raises it from paraphrase into the realm of true
poetry. Bede’s assurance is that Cædmon "transformed the whole course of Bible
history into most delightful poetry”. Similarity is found between Caedmon and
Milton’s “PARADISE LOST”.
CYNEWULF (8th CENTURY)
Signed poems of Cynewulf are :
 The Christ
 Juliana
 The Fates of the Apostles
 Elene.
Dream of the Rood is his best work. It is a poem about the Crucifixion as told by Cross
itself.
ALFRED (848-901)
KING ALFRED THE GREAT, saw the need for educating his people and translated
Latin works into the language actually used by the people of that day.
He wrote prefaces for his various translations and added explanations and
expansions of the text. For this he is called the “Father of English prose”.
He is also credited with preserving most of the Old English Literature.
His important translations are four in number:
Orosius’s Universal History and Geography
The leading work in general history for several centuries; Bede’s History.
The first great historical work written on English soil; Pope Gregory’s Shepherds’
Book.
The favorite philosophical work of Boethius’s Consolations of Philosophy of the
Middle Ages.
More important than any translation is the English or Saxon
Chronicle. Alfred enlarged this scant record, beginning the story with Cæsar’s
conquest. When it touches his own reign the dry chronicle becomes an interesting
and connected story. The oldest history belonging to any modern nation in its own
language. The record of Alfred’s reign, probably by himself, is a splendid bit of writing
and shows clearly his claim to a place in literature as well as in history. The Chronicle
was continued after Alfred’s death, and is the best monument of early English prose
that is left to us.
Old English Period

1.BEOWULF is the national poem of: 12.Germanic Tribes came from:

(a) England (b) American (a) Western Europe (b) Rome
(c) France (d) None (c) Greek (d) None
2.Hrothgar was the king of: 13.The Monk Augustine arrived in Kent
(a) Danes (b) Rome in:
(c) France (d) None (a) 596 (b) 597 (c) 599 (d) None
3.Heorot is the name of: 14.The old Saxon word angul or ongul
(a) Monster (b) witch means a/an:
(c) Hall (d) None (a) Fish (b) Sea (c) Hook
4.BEOWULF is an/a: 15.How many social classes were in
(a) Novel (b) Epic Anglo-Saxon:
(c) Play (d) None (a) 5 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 2
5.The battle of Maldon is from…Period 16.King Alfred was crowned in:
(a) Old English (b) Middle English (a) 870 (b) 871 (c) 875 (d) None
(c) Both (d) None 17.Alfred ordered to translate classics
6.Which is the national poem of into:
England? (a) French (b) West Saxon
(a) Iliad (b) Odysse (c) Italian (d) None
(c) Paradise Lost (d) None 18.Before Christianity, poems were
7.Who converted the Germanic tribes? composed:
(a) Monk Augustine (b) Bede (a) Orally (b) Written (c) None
(c) King Alfred (d) None 19.How many major dialects were there?
8.The upper class of Anglo-Saxon was: (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
(a) Earls (b) Churls 20.“Bone-house for body”, is an example
(c) Both (d) None of:
9.Who converted first in Old English? (a) Alliteration (b) Elegy
(a) King Athelbert (b) King Alfred (c) Kenning (d) None
(c) King Agustine (d) None 21.A metaphorical compound word or
10.Ancient Britain became the part of phrase used especially in Old English
Roman Empire in….A.D? and old poetry is:
(a) 40 (b) 41 (c) 43 (d) None (a) Elegy (b) Alliteration
11.The lower class of Anglo-Saxon is (c) Kenning (d) None
called: 22.“The Battle of Brunanburh” belongs
(a) Earls (b) Churls (c) None to …….. Period.
(a) Norman (b) Saxon (c) None

23.The poem “The Christ” is written by 34.During the Anglo-Saxon Period,

(a) Chaucer (b) Cynwulf (c) None England was invaded by all of the
24.King Alfred died in: following EXCEPT the:
(a) 901 (b) 902 (c) 903 (a) Celts (b) Jutes
25.Bede wrote his Ecclesiastical History (c) Saxons (d) Vikings
in: 35.Much of the Anglo-Saxon poetry that
has survived is:
(a) French (b) Greek
(a Latin legends) (b) Irish history (c)
(c) English (d) Latin
Roman (d) Pagan, with Christian
26.Who is called the father of English
additions
learning? 36. What is another term for the Anglo-
(a) Caedmon (b) Cynewulf Saxon language?
(c) Bede (d) None (a) Old English (b) Modern English (c)
27.Who is the author of "Beowulf”? Middle English
(a) Bede (b) Gower (d) Frisian English
(c) Caedmon (d) None 37.Chiefly, who introduced Christianity to
28.“The Seafarer” is a poem of…..Period Britain?
(a) Old English (b) Middle English (a) Vikings (b) Romans
(c) None (c) Germans (d) Anglo-Saxons
29.Bede was born in: 38.Anglo-Saxon literature survived in the
(a) 673 (b) 735 (c) 738 (d) None form of
(a) Spoken verse (b) Books
30.Juliana is written by?
(c) Magazines (d) Pictures
(a) Bede (b) Cynewulf (c) Alfred
39.In what century did the Angles,
31.“The Fates of the Apostles” is written
Saxons, and Jutes migrate to the
by?
British Islands?
(a) Cynewulf (b) Bede (c) None (a) 4th Century (b) 5th Century
32.King Alfred was born in: (c) 6th Century (d) 11th Century
(a) 847 (b) 848 (c) 849 40.Anglo-Saxon culture relied heavily on
33.Who is the Father of English Prose? one's ____________ to the king.
(a) King Alfred (b) Bede (a) admiration (b) loyalty
(c) both (d) None (c) contributions (d) payments
ANSWER KYES:
1. A 2. a 3. c 4. b 5. a 6. d 7. a 8. a 9. a 10. c
11. B 12. a 13. B 14. c 15. d 16. b 17. b 18. a 19. c 20. c

21. C 22. b 23. B 24. a 25. d 26. c 27. d 28. a 29. a 30. b
31. A 32. b 33. A 34. a 35. d 36. a 37. b 38. a 39. b 40. b
ANGLO-NORMAN OR MIDDLE-ENGLISH
The Normans, who were residing in Normandy (France) defeated the Anglo-Saxon King at
the
Battle of Hastings (1066) and conquered England.
OVERVIEW: The Middle Ages are sometimes referred to as the "Dark Ages," obscuring the
many cultural changes that took place in language, literature, the arts, and even the
political and class structures.
LANGUAGE:
 After the Norman conquest, the aristocrats embraced the Norman French dialect
Literary works were written in Latin or French.
 Therefore, the clergy insisted on the use of Latin, the nobility on the use of French.
 It was not until early in the 14th century that English again emerged as a literary and
political language.
 In the mouths of ordinary citizens, English became richer; with more than 10,000
French words were added, and principles were established.
The Powerful church:
 In Norman England the Church became the increasingly strong.
 Through the Church the culture of Greece and Rome was disseminated manuscripts
copied
 Universities established at Cambridge and Oxford. In medieval thought, the Church
and the King were "the two swords of God" in maintaining order in society.
English language:
PRINCIPAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN OLD AND NMIDDLE ENGLISH:
The grammar was simplified and the vocabulary greatly enlarged.
* The vocabulary of Old English was primarily Germanic, but Middle English was enriched
by borrowed words.
FORM OF LITERATURE IN MIDDLE ENGLISH OR ANGLO NORMAN PERIOD
THE ROMANCES:
 The most popular form of literature during the Middle English period was the
romances.
 These romances were mostly borrowed from Latin and French sources.
 They deal with the stories of King Arthur, The War of Troy, and the mythical acts.
MIRACLE PLAYS:
 MIRACLE PALYS became popular in the Middle English period.
 Plays were dealing with Bible story, Creation of man

 His fall and banishment from Garden of Eden. as well as

 Important matters of OLD TESTAMENT AND LIFE OF CHRIST.
MORALITY PLAYS:
 Another form of drama was the morality plays these were about the power of good
and evil.
REVIVAL OF MIDDLE ENGLISH POETRY:
CHARACTERISTICS:
 THESE poems show the little of the author personality.
 Use of myth and conventional subjects seek to teach a lesson, usually through
allegory.
 What is allegory?
 An allegory is a story with two levels of meaning:
 FIRST: SURFACE OF THE STORY
 SECOND: THE DEEPER MEANING AND SYMBOLIC LEVEL
WILLIAM LANGLAND:
 (Born c. 1330—died c. 1400)
 One of the greatest poets of the Middle-Ages was William Langland
 His poem, A Vision of Piers the Plowman holds an important place in English
literature.
 It is classic work due to its style.
 It is a satire on the corrupt religious practice.
 It shows light on the ethical problems of the day.
 Langland is essentially a satiric poet.
 WHAT IS STAIRE?
 Satire is a literary technique which is used by writers to expose and criticize
foolishness and corruption of an individual or a society.
JOHN GOWER
 (Born 1330?—died 1408, London?)
 Gower occupies an important place in the development of English poetry.
 Though it was Chaucer who played the most important role in this direction,
Gower‘s contribution cannot be ignored.
 He is a great stylist
 He proved that English might compete with the other languages which had most
distinguished themselves in poetry.
 Gower is mainly a narrative poet
 His most important work is Confession Amantis.
 Which is in the form of conversation between the poet and a divine interpreter
Gower presents himself as a moralist.
John Wycliffe (1324-1384)

 John Wycliffe was an English scholastic philosopher, theologian, Biblical translator,

reformer, priest, and a seminary professor at the University of Oxford.
 The religious reformer, who first translated the gospels into English, and by his
translation fixed a common standard of English speech.
 He translated Bible from Latin into English in 1382
 He is known as “The Morning Star of Reformation”.
 Lollard Movement: John Wycliffe challenged the authority of Catholic Church.
 He sent throughout the country disciples, who were called Lollards or poor priests, to
spread his teachings. Lollards are those who followed Wycliffe.
THE CROWN OF 14TH CENTURY

GEOFFREY CHAUCER:
 He is the father of English literature and poetry.
 He is best known for his work “THE CANTERBURY TALES”.
 He is Humorist
 Sarcastic and
 Realist.
 He was influenced by DANTE, PETRARCH AND BOCCACCIO
 HE worked as a courtier, a diplomat, and a civil servant, as well as working for the king
from 1389 to 1391 as Clerk of the King's Works.
 In 1359, in the early stages of the Hundred Years' War, Edward III invaded France and
Chaucer travelled with Lionel, 1st Duke of Clarence, Elizabeth's husband, as part of
the English army.
 In 1360, he was captured. Edward paid £16 for his ransom, a considerable sum, and
Chaucer was released.
 That time one pound was enough for a person to live six month.
CHAUCER'S WORKS:
 Chaucer‘s works are divided into three periods.
 First period is French
 Second is ITALIAN
 Third is English
The French period (to 1372):
Chaucer began his literary career under the influence of a medieval French literature.
Under French influence he began his translation of the Roman de la rose most popular
and influential of all French poems in the Middle ages.
Next is: THE BOOK OF DUCHES AN ELEGY.
His first ambitious original poem ON DEATH OF Blanche.
 WHAT IS ELEGY?
 A mournful poem; a lament for the dead.

The Italian period (1373-84/85)

 THE poems of the second period show the influence of ITALIAN LITERTURE
 Thus the poems of Chaucer's Italian period show progress in his mastery of technique,
style, and meter.
Famous poems of Italian period are:
 The House of Fame (c. 1374-80)
 In The House of Fame: the poet is carried by an eagle to the House of Fame
 Where he is to hear important tidings of love.
 The next is:
The Parliament of Fowls (c. 1377-86)
 The Parliament of Fowls tells how the birds assemble on St. Valentine's day to choose
their mates.
 St. Valentine's day is a Royal Betrothal.
The next is: The Legend of Good Women (1380-86)
 It has a remarkably fresh and original prologue telling how Chaucer came to write a
set of accounts of women who—whatever their other failings--were faithful in love
even unto death.
 Chaucer left it unfinished, and it is not hard to see why.
 It calls for too much repetition of what is essentially the same story
 And the poet admits at one point that he is fed up with writing about these
melancholy jilted females.
Troilus and Criseyde:
 Which narrates the story of the Trojan prince Troilus and his love for a damsel,
Creseida.
 It is his longest completed poem.
 Adopted from Boccaccio's THE LOVE STRICKEN ONE.
The English period (1386-1400):
 The great work of the English period is The Canterbury Tales
 With its realistic setting in contemporary England.
 Here we immediately notice a difference from the other periods
 The English influence is not a literary one, like the French and Italian, but is simply the
influence of the breadth, scope, and zest of Chaucer's own land and age.
 The specific literary influences are still French, AND Italian, but the setting is no longer
in dream-worlds or in ancient Troy:
 It is on the road between London and Canterbury.
 Into this setting Chaucer could pour the whole wealth of his reading, knowledge, wide
experience of men and humorous tolerance.
CONCLUSION:

1. It was Chaucer who first time used Heroic Couplet in English Literature.
2. WHO introduced Italian literature to England.
3. He was the first to use many of the meters and stanza forms which have become
standard in English poetry.
4. He was the first English poet to draw sharply individualized portraits.
5. He was the first English poet to analyze his characters psychologically.
6. He was the first English poet to impress his readers as a personality in his own right
7. It is a tribute to him that since his death each age has admired him, but for different
reasons ranging all the way from his satire on religious corruption to his humanism
and his realism.
 Even at his funeral he made an innovation which established a new tradition, for he
was buried in what has come to be "The Poets' Corner" of Westminster Abbey
Historical events:
 Beginning of Hundred years’ War
Between England and France
1337/38-1453
 Black Death (1348-1349)
 The War of the Roses took place in 1455
 Peasants’ Revolt (1381)
Middle Ages
1.In what year did the Norman Conquest (a) William the Great
take place? (b) William the Conqueror
(a) 942 (b) 1066 (c) William the Bold
(c) 1215 (d) 1350 5.Words from which language began
2.Who was the leader of the Normans to enter English vocabulary around
during the Norman Conquest? the time of the Norman Conquest in
(a) William (b) Alfred 1066?
(c) Harold (d) Robert (a) French (b) Greek
3.What was the main battle between the (c) Latin (d) Persian
English and Normans? 6.Who was the king of England at the
(a) Battle of Hastings time of Battle of Norman Conquest
(b) Battle of London at Hastings?
(c) Battle of Normandy (a) Harold (b) John
4.What is the popular name for William (c) Thomas (d) None
the Duke of Normandy?

7.Which king of England signed the 16.Who is the writer of 'Piers Plowman'?
Magna Carta? (a) Langland (b) Wycliffe
(a) King John (b) Richard (c) Gower (d) Fletcher
(c) Harold (d) James 17.Who is the writer of "Vox Clamantis"
8.In which year was Magna Carta signed? (a) Fletcher (b) Gower
(a) 1215 (b) 1315 (c) Wycliffe (d) Harold
(c) 1415 (d) 1512 18.Who is generally known as the
9.During which king's reign in England morning star of Reformation?
did the Hundred Years' war start? (a) Wycliffe (b) Chaucer
(a) Henry III (b) James II (c) Langland (d) Gower
(c) Edward III (d) Richard III 19.Which one of the following was a
10.When did Peasants' Revolt take place contemporary of Chaucer
in England? (a) Spenser (b) Donne
(a) 1380 (b) 1381 (c) Gower (d) Herrick
(c) 1445 (d) None 20.When did the hundred years' war
11.The "Black Death" in England as came which started in?
in (a) 1335 (b) 1347
(a) 1215 (b) 1355 (c) 1337 (d) 1348
(c) 1415 (d) 1348 21.When did the hundred years' war
12.Who was the king in England at the come to an end?
time of Peasants' Revolt? (a) 1453 (b) 1337
(a) Richard II (b) Richard III (c) 1455 (d) 1452
(c) Henry I (d) None 22.The Battle of Agincourt started in?
13.Who was Boccaccio? (a) 1445 (b) 1415
(a) German (b) Greek (c) 1544 (d) 1317
(c) Italian (d) French 23.The famous work of Boccaccio is?
14.Who wrote the Latin "History of the (a) Decameron (b) Beowulf
Britons" (c) Divine comedy (d) None
(a) Geoffrey Chaucer 24.Where did the War of the Roses take
(b) John Wycliffe place?
(c) Geoffrey of Monmouth (a) England (b) Italy
15.Who started the Lollards' Movement? (c) France (d) None
(a) Wycliffe (b) Thomas 25.The War of the Roses took place in?
(c) Langland (d) Bede (a) 1455 (b) 1456
(c) 1554 (d) None

26.Who wrote : "The Parliament of (a) The Canterbury Tales

Foules" (b) Troilus and Criseyde
(a) Chaucer (b) Gower 36.Chaucer's franklin was guilty of
(c) Langland (d) Dunbar which sin?
27.Under what category, should (a) Gluttony (b) Murder
Langland's 'The Piers Plowman' be (c) Both (d) None
placed 37.From which language the name
(a) Romance (b) Pastoral ''Chaucer'' has been driven?
(c) Religious allegory (d) None (a) Latin (b) Greek
28.In writing "Canterbury Tales" Chaucer (c) French (d) None
was influenced by? 38.Chaucer was imprisoned during:
(a) Decameron (b) Bible (a) War of the Roses
(c) The Divine Comedy (b) Hundred years war
29.Besides being a poet, Chaucer was? (c) Both (d) None
(a) a trader (b) a teache 39.How many children Chaucer had?
(c) a diplomat (d) None (a) 3 (b) 4
30.When did Chaucer die? (c) 5 (d) 9
(a) 1400 (b) 1443 40.Where did Chaucer bury?
(c) 1343 (d) 1500 (a) Westminster (b) Abbey
31.Of the following periods, which does (c) Westminster Abbey
not belong to Chaucer? 41.Who would be called the English
(a) German (b) Italian Homer and father of English poetry?
(c) French (d) English (a) Bede (b) Wycliffe
32.Which meter has Chaucer used in his (c) Geoffrey Chaucer (d) None
Troilus and Criseyde? 42.What was the occupation of
(a) Ryme Royal (b) Terza Rima Chaucer's father?
33.Gower was a contemporary of (a) A Knight (b) A Vintner
(a) Langland (b) Donne (c) Both (d) None
(c) Milton (d) Pope 43.Chaucer became a page to which
34.Who wrote Canterbury Tales? king's daughter-in-law?
(a) Chaucer (b) Langland (a) Edward I (b) Edward III
(c) Bede (d) Wycliffe (c) Edward II (d) Edward IV
35.which of these is magnum opus of 44.One of Chaucer's daughters
Chaucer? was..........?

(a) A Knight (b) A Nun

(c) A Diplomat (d) Physician
45..what did Chaucer's wife us e to do?
(a) A Nun (b) Musician
(c) lady-in-waiting to Queen Philip pa
of Hainaut
46.In which year Chaucer was
imprisoned by the French?
(a) 1361 (b) 1367
(c) 1360 (d) 1343
47.Chaucer became a Member of
Parliament in?
(a) 1386 (b) 1345
(c) 13385 (d) 1368
48.The first complete version of Bible in
English language was made by:
(a) King Alfred (b) Wycliffe
(c) Bede (d) Langlade
49.Where were the pilgrims going in
the Canterbury tales?
(a) Thomas Becket’s Shrine
(b) For a War
(c) Saint Augustan’s Shrine
50.Who used heroic couplet first in
English?
(a) Pope (b) Marlow
(c) Milton (d) Chaucer

ANSWER KYES:
1. B 2. a 3. a 4. b 5. a 6. a 7. a 8. a 9. c 10. b
11. D 12. a 13. c 14. c 15. a 16. a 17. b 18. a 19. c 20. c
21. A 22. b 23. a 24. a 25. a 26. a 27. c 28. a 29. c 30. a
31. A 32. a 33. a 34. a 35. a 36. a 37. c 38. b 39. b 40. c
41. C 42. b 43. b 44. b 45. c 46. c 47. a 48. b 49. a 50. d
ENGLISH LITERATURE
1. The Anglo Saxon people began their invasion and conquest of southwestern Britain around 450.
2. Words from French language began to enter English vocabulary around the time of the Norman
Conquest in 1066.
3. The popular legend of the King Arthur made its earliest appearance in Celtic literature before
becoming a staple subject in French, English, and German literatures.
4. Toward the close of 14th century did English replace French as the language of conducting
business in Parliament and in court of law.
5. King Edward III began a war to enforce his claims to the throne of France in 1336.
6. The decision of Chaucer to emulate French and Italian poetry in his own vernacular prompted a
changed in the status of English.
7. The Britain, after whom the English province of the Roman Empire was named Britannia, spoke
Celtic language.
8. After the collapse of the Roman Empire, from Kent and Ireland were Christian missionaries sent
to enforce the religion in Britain.
9. A code of laws promulgated by King Ethelbert is the first extended written specimen of Old
English.
10. Ethelbert was the first English Christian king.
11. In Anglo-Saxon heroic poetry, everlasting shame is the fate of those who fails to observe the
sacred duty of blood vengeance.
12. Old English poets, such as the Beowulf poet, were fascinated by the tension between two
aspects pagan and Christian moral codes of their hybrid culture.
13. The use of "whale-road" for sea and "life-house" for body are examples of Kenning literary
technique, popular in Old English poetry.
14. Ironic understatement best describes litotes, a favorite rhetorical device in Old English poetry.
15. By his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine, Henry II, the first of England's Plantagenet kings, acquire
vast provinces in southern France.
16. German language did not coexist in Anglo-Norman England.
17. Marie de France and Chrétien de Troyes 12th-century poets claimed to have obtained narratives
from Breton storytellers.
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18. The word the roman, from which the genre of "romance" emerged, initially applies to a work
written in the French vernacular.
19. A knight proving his worthiness through nobility of character is the ethos of many romances,
both aristocratic and popular alike.
20. The reign of King Arthur is the climax of Geoffrey of Monmouth's The History of the Kings of
Britain.
21. The heroic combat of the virgin martyrs was a subject of Early Middle English religious prose was
aimed primarily at women.
22. The styles of The Owl and the Nightingale and Ancrene Riwle show about the poetry and prose
written around the year 1200. They were written for sophisticated and well-educated readers
and their readers' primary language was English.
23. In addition to Geoffrey Chaucer and William Langland, the "flowering" of Middle English
literature is evident in the works of the Gawain poet.
24. Attempts to enforce wage controls and attempts to collect oppressive new taxes prompted rural
uprisings in Essex and Kent in 1381, which came as a profound shock to the English ruling class.
25. The Canterbury tales was Geoffrey Chaucer's final work.
26. William Langland is the author of Piers Plowman.
27. The War of the Roses event resulted from the premature death of Henry V.
28. Literary form, The morality plays, developed in the fifteenth century, personified vices and
virtues.
29. Sir Thomas Malory is considered a devotee to chivalry.
30. Chaucer would be called the English Homer and father of English poetry.
31. A Vellum was parchment made of animal skin.
32. Only a small proportion of medieval books survive, large numbers having been destroyed in the
Dissolution of the Monasteries in the 1530s.
33. Christian writers like the Beowulf poet looked back on their pagan ancestors with admiration
and elegiac sympathy. The use of "whale-road" for sea and "life-house" for body are examples
of kenning literary technique, popular in Old English poetry. Statements are the accurate
description of Old
34. English poetry. Its formal and dignified use of speech was distant from everyday use of
language. Irony is a mode of perception, as much as it was a
35. figure of speech. Christian and pagan ideals are sometimes mixed.
36. Its idiom remained remarkably uniform for nearly
37. three centuries.
38. Ironic understatement best describes litotes, a favorite rhetorical device in Old English poetry.
39. Dutch language did not coexist in Anglo-Norman England.
40. Ancrene Riwle is a manual of instruction for women who have chosen to live as religious
recluses.
41. The styles of The Owl and the Nightingale and Ancrene Riwle show about the poetry and prose
written around the year 1200.

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42. They were written for sophisticated and well-educated readers. Their readers' primary language
was English.
43. In addition to Geoffrey Chaucer and William Langland, the "flowering" of Middle English
literature is evident in the works of the Gawain poet.
44. The rebels of 1381 targeted the church, beheading the archbishop of Canterbury because the
church was among the greatest of oppressive landowners.
45. Dante's divine Comedy influential medieval text purported to reveal the secrets of the afterlife.
46. Julian of Norwich is the first known woman writer in the English vernacular.
47. She wrote the earliest surviving book in the English language to be written by a woman,
Revelations of Divine Love.
48. “Cover her face, mine eyes dazzle; She died young” – this was said by Ferdinand about the
Duchess of Malfi.
49. English poet Matthew Arnold referred to Oxford as “that sweet city with her dreaming spires”.
50. Rossetti is a poet as well as a painter.
51. Maurya is a character in Rider to the Sea by John Millington Synge
52. Osborne's Look Back in Anger was first staged in 1956.
53. Carlyle's Sartor Resartus is a fictional biography.
54. Hopkins's Curtal Sonnet consists of 101/2lines.
55. God is referred to as the 'president of Immortals” in Tess.
56. In a book Laputa of Gulliver's Travels Balnibarbi was mentioned.
57. The phrase 'Sweetness and Light' was first used by Swift.
58. Virginia Woolf said “Life is not a luminous halo, a semi-transparent envelope”.
59. Alexander's Feast is an Ode by Dryden.
60. “The Lunatic, the love and the poet are of imagination all compact”. These lines occur in A
Midsummer Night's dream
61. John Donne 'affects the metaphysics'. This remark was made by John Dryden.
62. The 'Movement' is a literary phenomenon in the Forties.
63. The source of E.M Forster's title “Where Angels Fear to Tread” is Pope's Essay on Criticism.
64. The Great Exhibition took place in the year 1851.
65. The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, Of York, Mariner: Who lived
Eight and Twenty Years, all alone in an un-inhabited Island on the Coast of America, near the
Mouth of the Great River of Oroonoque; having been cast on Shore by Shipwreck, wherein all
the Men perished but himself. With An Account how he was at last as strangely deliver'd by
Pyrates.
66. Lamia is a poem by Keats.
67. In 'Culture and Anarchy', Mathew Arnold recommend fusion of Hellenism and Hebraism.
68. The criterion of Leavis's Great Tradition is reader-response.
69. The dictum 'only connect' is central to the writings of E.M Forster.
70. The Chartist Movement sought Extension of the political rights to the working class.
71. The author of 'Journal of the Plague Year' is Daniel Defoe.

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72. “Plurality”, according to John Stuart Mill, is necessary for the intellectual enrichment of the
society.
73. Negative Capability' is depersonalized empathy with experience.
74. Robert Herrick is a Cavalier poet.
75. Eliot's 'Objective correlative' signifies the writer's ability to objectify the desired states of mind.
76. The mistakes of a night is the sub-title of The Way of the World.
77. In Shakespeare, Dr. Johnson says 'There is no moral purpose'.
78. The Renaissance is written by Walter Pater.
79. The line 'Love is not Time's fool' occurs in a sonnet by William Shakespeare.
80. By 'character' Aristotle means Personages in drama.
81. A discourse Culture and imperialism is written by Edward Said.
82. A person who dislikes humankind and avoids human society. Some writers and poets are Emily
Bronte, Emily Dickinson, Somerset Maugham and JD Salinger
83. The poetry of Ted Hughes emphasise the "Pitiless and violence force of nature"
84. A modern poet Elizabeth Jennings(1926-2001) was an american poet who wrote A Bird in the
House and In the Night.
85. Albert Camus's The Outsider' as an existentialist novel.
86. Character Rashkolinlov and Sonya occurred in Fyodor Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment
(1866).
87. Chinua Achebe can best be described as a writer of cross cultural encounter about Igbo society.
88. In Langland's Piers the Plowman, Piers appears finally as Jesus.
89. It is decided that each Canterbury pilgrim would tell in all four stories.
90. Pope's An Essay on Man is based on the ideas of Lord Bolingbroke.
91. Vanity of Human wishes by Johnson is an imitation of the tenth satire of Juvenal.
92. "To suffer woes which Hope thinks infinite" is written by Shelley in Prometheus Unbound.
93. "A thing of beauty is a joy for ever" occurs in Keats's Endymion.
94. Thomas de quency distinguished between "the literature of Knowledge" and "the literature of
power".
95. Tennyson among the Victorian poets is the most sensitive to the conflict between the old and
the new.
96. Under the Greenwood Tree is written by Thomas Hardy.
97. The Office of Circumlocution occurs in Dickens's Little Dorrit.
98. The novel Mary Barton is written by Mrs Gaskell.
99. Martha Quest was written by Doris Lessing.
100. The term "Stream of Consciousness" was taken from the book The Principles of
Psychology by William James.
101. Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman relies for its tragic seriousness on the fate of Willy
Loman.
102. New Criticism considers text as a Autotelic.
103. Mythologies was written by Roland Barthes.

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104. The rejection of "Universalism" is a mark of Post Colonial Criticism.

105. Eliot's theory of "objective correlative" appeared in his essay entitled Hamlet.

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OBJECTIVE MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

ENGLISH LECTURER PREPARATION
PPSC, SPSC & FPSC
TEST PAPER III

1. The author of Beowulf is
a. Bede (b) Cynewulf(c) Chaucer (d) Unknown
2. The Anglo-Saxon period is often said to be from 450 to......
a. 900 (b) 1000 (c) 1066 (d) 1100
3. The name of the monster in Beowulf is
a. Gomanzo (b) Grendel (c) Frankenstein (d) Mephistophilis
4. Who says "Life, life, eternal life"?
a. Christian (b) Maggie (cj Henchard (d) Chaucer's Parson
5. Beatrice was the woman whose love inspired a man to write an immortal poem. Who was that
man?
a. Shelley (b) Shakespeare (c) Homer (d) Dante
6. Charles I was executed in
a. 1648 (b) 1645 (c) 1649 (d) 1650
7. Alexander Pope died in
a. 1740 (b) 1742 (c) 1744 (d) 1743
8. Robert Burns was born in
a. England (b) Ireland (c) Scotland (d) France
9. "To a Mountain Daisy" is a poem by
a. Wordsworth (b) Shelley (c) Keats (d) Burns
10. Who wrote: "The Devil's Disciple"?
a. Galsworthy (b) Barrie (c) Shaw (d) Fry
11. George Eliot believed in
a. A moral law (b) Promiscuity of sex (c) Violent Revolution (d) Indiscriminate fate
12. "A foundling" is a part of the name of the novel
a. Amelia (b) David Copperfield (c) Oliver Twist (d) Tom Jones
13. Who wrote "The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire"?
a. Walter Raleigh (b) Trollope (c) Smollett (d) Edward Gibbon
14. Richard Hooker was a prose writer of the
a. Victorian period (b) Romantic period (c) Elizabethan period (d) Chaucerian age
15. Sir Walter Raleigh died in
a. 1622 (b) 1621 (c) 1618 (d) 1623
16. D' Artagnan is a character in
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a. The Three Musketeers (b) Don Quixote (c) Alice in Wonderland (d) War and Peace
17. Alexander Dumas was
a. an English writer (b) an American writer (c) a French writer (d) a German writer
18. Who said about Wordsworth, "He uttered nothing base"
a. Keats (b) Coleridge (c) Byron (d) Tennyson
19. Which one was not one of the Lake poets?
a. Shelley (b) Wordsworth (c) Southey (d) Coleridge
20. Emma appeared in
a. 1816 (b) 1815 (c) 1817 (d) 1820
21. Mrs. Browning's book "Sonnets from the Portuguese" is an inspiring book of
a. nature poems (b) metaphysical poems (c) love poems (d) didactic poems
22. D.G. Rossetti was the son of
a. An Italian painter (b) A German poet (c) French nobleman (d) An English peasant
23. The translation of Goethe's "Wilhelm Meister" appeared in
a. 1822 (b) 1820 (c) 1832 (d) 1824
24. In 'The Doctor's Dilemma' Shaw makes fun of
a. teachers (b) physicians (c) painters (d) politicians
25. The Theory of Catharsis is associated with
a. Plato (b) Dryden (c)Aristotle (d) Sidney
26. Who wrote 'In Defence of Poetry' ?
a. T.S. Eliot (b) Yeats (c) Keats (d) Shelley
27. 'The Playboy of the Western World' is a play by
a. Barrie (b) Synge (c) Fry (d) Eliot
28. For the best condensation of a novel Arnold Bennet won a prize of
a. £ 100 (b)£ 50 (c) £ 25 (d) £ 20
29. Who wrote: "The year's at the spring.
And day's at the morn."
a. Tennyson (b) Robert Browning (c) Keats (d) Swinburne
30. The Ring and the Book contains how many more lines than the Iliad?
a. about three thousand (b) about two thousand (c) about four thousand (d) about five
thousand
31. In which poem do the following lines occur?
"...Do not all charms fly
At the mere touch of cold philosophy?"
a. Ode To A Grecian Urn (b) The Eve of St. Agnes (c) Lamia (d) Hyperion
32. Boswell was born in
a. 1732 (b) 1740 (c) 1735 (d) 1742
33. 'Silent Woman' is a play by
a. Marlowe (b) Shakespeare (c) Ben Jonson (d) Lyly
34. The Duchess of Malfi was published in

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a. 1632 (b) 1635 (c) 1625 (d) 1623

35. The Scene of Beowulf is laid in
a. England (b) France(c) Spain (d) None of these
36. Pap is a character in (PIP IS FROM GREAT EXPECTATIONS) DON’T BE CONFUSED.
a. Great Expectations(b) Hucklebery Finn (c) Silas Mariner (d) The Mocking Bird
37. A Mad Tea-Party takes place in
a. Don Quixote (b) The Three Musketeers (c) Robinson Crusoe (d) Alice in Wonderland
38. What was the name of the girl whom Kalidas loved?
a. Shakuntala (b) Nagini (c) Kamini (d) Savitri
39. "Kidnapped" was written by
a. Dickens (b) Thackeray (c) Hardy (d) R.L. Stevenson
40. Mr. Collins is a character in
a. Sense and Sensibility (b) Pride and Prejudice (c) Emma (d) Hard Times
41. 'The Prisoner of Zenda' was written by
a. Sterne (b) Trollope (c) Anthony Hope (d) George Eliot
42. What was the full name of Cervantes
a. Jim Cervantes (b) John Cervantes (c) Miguel de Cervantes (d) Sir Roger Cervantes
43. Robert Frost lived for sometime in
a. France (b) Germany (c) England (d) Italy
44. Besides being a poet, Chaucer was
a. a trader (b) a manufacturer (c) a teacher (d) a diplomat
45. Bacon's essays were influenced by
a. Montesque (b) Montaigne (c) Boccaccio (d) Pascal
46. Charles Lamb worked as a
a. clerk (b) seaman (c) teacher (d) mechanic
47. Who wrote: "Keep right on to the end of the road."
a. Shakespeare (b) Milton (c) Sir Harry Lauder (d) Chaucer
48. Who said: "Two men look out through the same bars: One sees the mud, and the one the stars."
a. Chaucer (b) Keats (c) Milton (d) Frederick Langbridge
49. In which book does the following line appear: "What a falling off was there."
a. King Lear (b) Othello (c) Hamlet (d) Antony and Cleopatra

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Very Tricky MCQs
1. Essay on Man - a poem by Pope

2. Essay on Milton - a prose by Macaulay
3. Essay on Criticism - a poem by Pope
4. Essay In Criticism - a prose by Mathew Arnold
5. Essays of Elia - Charles Lamb
6. Essays of Ancient & Modern - T. S. Eliot
7. The Rape of the Lock - epic poem by Pope
8. The Rape of the Lucrecee - a long poem by Shakespeare
9. The way of the World - A comedy by William Congrave
10. The Way of All Flesh - a novel by Samuel Butler.
11. The Prelude - A poem by William Wordsworth
12. Preludes - A poem by T. S. Eliot
13. Elizabethan Essays - Prose by T. S. Eliot
14. Elizabeth and Essex - prose by Lytton Stretchey
15. Everyman - One of the best known morality plays.
16. Everyman in His Humour - Satirical comedy by Ben Jonson.
17. The Book of The Duchesse - A poem by Chaucer
18. The Book of Martyrs - a story by John Foxe
19. The Pilgrim’s Progress - by John Bunyan
20. The Pilgrim’s of the Rhine - by Bulwer Lytton
21. The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gent a novel by. Sterne
22. Tristram & Iscult - Matthew Arnold
23. Lyrical Ballads - Collection poems by Coleridge & Wordsworth
24. Prefare to Lyrical Bullads - A prose by Wordsworth.
25. All for love - A blank verse tragedy by Dryden
26. Love labour lost - A drama by Shakespeare
27. A portrait of The Artist as a Young man- A novel by Joyce
28. Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog- Dylan Thomas]
29. Portrait of dare - a novel by Francis Bret James
30. A portrait of A lady - a novel by Henry James.
31. The Duchess of Dadna - a drama by Oscar Wilde
32. The Duchess of Malfi - tragedy John Webster
33. A Tale of Two cities - a novel by Dickens

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34. A Tale of Manchester Life - a novel by Mrs. E.Gaskell

35. The Anatomy of Melancholy - a critique by Robert Burton
36. The Anatomy of the world - a poem on prince Henry written by Donne
37. The Battle of Books - a satire by swift
38. The Battle of Maldon - Anglo Saxon war poem.
39. A women killed with kindress - a drama by Heywood
40. The woman in the Moon - a play by Lily
41. Ode on The Nativity - a poem by Milton

42. Ode on Duty - a poem by Wordsworth

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HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE

We are going to discuss:

1. Background of ancient British Literature

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 Before the coming of Christianity

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remembers when he helped Beowulf's father Ecgtheow settle a feud; thus, he

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Old English Period

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1.BEOWULF is the national poem of: 12.Germanic Tribes came from:

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23.The poem “The Christ” is written by 34.During the Anglo-Saxon Period,

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 His fall and banishment from Garden of Eden. as well as

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 John Wycliffe was an English scholastic philosopher, theologian, Biblical translator,

THE CROWN OF 14TH CENTURY

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The Italian period (1373-84/85)

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26.Who wrote : "The Parliament of (a) The Canterbury Tales

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(a) A Knight (b) A Nun

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104. The rejection of "Universalism" is a mark of Post Colonial Criticism.

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OBJECTIVE MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

TEST PAPER III

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a. 1632 (b) 1635 (c) 1625 (d) 1623

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Very Tricky MCQs

1. Essay on Man - a poem by Pope

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