Final Exam Solution (Signals and Systems)

Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National Univ.

Problem 1)
Solution:

(a)
Yes, aliasing does occur in this case. This may be easily shown
by considering the sinusoidal
5
term of x(t) for k = 5. This term is a signal of the form y(t) = 12 sin(5πt). If x(t) is sampled
as T = 0.2, then we will always be sampling y(t) at exactly its zero-crossings. Therefore, the

5
signal y(t) appears to be identical to the signal 21 sin(0πt) for all time in the sampled signal.
Therefore, the sinusoid y(t) of frequency 5π is aliased into a sinusoid of frequency 0 in the
sampled signal.

(b)
The lowpass filter performs band limited interpolation on the signal x0 (t). But since aliasing has

5
already resulted in the loss of the sinusoid 12 sin(5πt), the output will be the form

4  k
X 1
xr (t) = sin(kπt).
2
k=0

The Fourier series representation of this signal is of the form

Problem 2)
Solution:

(a)
In this problem for the sake of clarity we will use the variable Ω to denote discrete frequency.
Taking the Fourier transform of both sides of the given difference equation we obtain

Y (ejΩ ) 1
H(ejΩ ) = jΩ
= 1 .
X(e ) 1 − 2 e−jΩ

(b)
Given that the sampling rate is greater than the Nyquist rate, we have
 1 jΩ
X(ejΩ ) = T Xc ( T ), for −π ≤ Ω ≤ π.

Therefore,
1 jΩ
T Xc ( T )
Y (ejΩ ) =
1 − 21 e−jΩ
for −π ≤ Ω ≤ π. From this we get
1
T Xc (jω)
Ȳ (jω) = Y (ejωT ) ==
1 − 12 e−jωT

for −π/T ≤ Ω ≤ π/T . In this range, Ȳ (jω) = Yc (jω). Therefore,

Yc (jω) 1/T
Hc (jω) = = .
Xc (jω) 1 − 12 e−jωT

Problem 3)
Solution:

(a)
Note that

δ(t − nT ) ↔ e−snT , all s.

Therefore,
∞
X 1
X(s) = e−nT e−snT = .
n=0
1− e−T (1+s)
In order to determine the ROC, let us first find the poles of X(s). Clearly, the pole occur when
e−T (1+s) = 1. This implies that the poles sk satisfy the following equation,

e−T (1+sk ) = 1 = ejk2π k = 0, ±1, ±2, . . . .

Taking the logarithm of both sides of the above equation and simplifying, we get
jk2π
sk = −1 + T k = 0, ±1, ±2, . . . .

Therefore, the poles all lie on a vertical line (parallel to the jω-axis) passing through s = −1.
Since the signal is right-sided, the ROC is Re {s} > −1.
(b)
The pole-zero plot is as shown below.

(c)
The magnitude of the Fourier transform X(jω) is given by the product of the reciprocals of
the lengths of the vectors from the poles to the point jω. The phase of X(jw) is given by the
negative of the sum of the angles of these vectors. Clearly from the pole-zero plot above it is
clear that both the manitude and phase have to vary periodically with a period of 2π/T .

Problem 4)
Solution:

(a)
Taking the z-transform of both sides of the given difference equation and simplifying, we get

Y (z) z −1
H(z) = = .
X(z) 1 − z −1 − z −2

√ 
The poles of H(z) are at z = 12 ± 25 . H(z) has a zero at z = 0.
(b)
The pole-zero plot for H(z) is as shown below.

√ 
1 5


Since h[n] is causal, the ROC for H(z) has to be |z| > 2 + 2

(c)
The partial fraction expansion of H(z) is

√1 √1
5 5
H(z) = −  √  +  √ 
1+ 5 1− 5
1− 2 z −1 1− 2 z −1

Therefore,
√ !n √ !n
1 1+ 5 1 1− 5
h[n] = − √ u[n] + √ u[n].
5 2 5 2

(d)
It is an unstable system. This is because the ROC doesn’t include the unit circle.
Problem 5)
Solution:

 2
1 sin(ωT /2)
H(jω) = .
T ω/2

Problem 6)
Solution:

(a)
Taking the Fourier transform of both sides of the given differential equation, we obtain
Y (jω) 1
H(jω) = = .
X(jω) 2 + jω
The Bode plot is as shown below.

(b)
From the expression for H(jω) we obtain
ω 
^H(jω) = − tan−1 .
2
Therefore,
d^H(jω) 2
τ (ω) = − =
dω 4 + ω2

(c)
Since x(t) = e−t u(t),
1
X(jω) = .
1 + jω
Therefore,
1
Y (jω) = X(jω)H(jω) = .
(1 + jω)(2 + jω)
Taking the inverse Fourier transform of the partial fraction expansion of Y (jω), we obtain

y(t) = e−t u(t) − e−2t u(t).