1 

Banking Quantitative Aptitude Formula Book 2

3 
 Chapter 1

Vedic Maths (Calculation

Techniques)
1. METHOD TO MULTIPLY 2-DIGIT NUMBER.
(i) AB × CD = AC / AD + BC / BD
35 × 47 = 12 / 21 + 20 / 35 = 12 / 41 / 35 = 1645
(ii) AB × AC = A2 / A (B + C) / BC 74 × 76 = 72 / 7(4 + 6) / 4 × 6
= 49 / 70 / 24 = 49 / 70 / 24 = 5624
(iii) AB × CC = AC / (A + B)C / BC
= 35 × 44 = 3 × 4 / (3 + 5) × 4 / 5 × 4
= 12 / 32 / 20 = 12 / 32 / 20 = 1540

2. SQUARE OF NUMBERS
12 = 1 112 = 121 212 = 441
22 = 4 122 = 144 222 = 484
32 = 9 132 = 169 232 = 529
42 = 16 142 = 196 242 = 576
52 = 25 152 = 225 252 = 625
62 = 36 162 = 256 262 = 676
72 = 49 172 = 289 272 = 729
82 = 64 182 = 324 282 = 784
92 = 81 192 = 361 292 = 841
102 = 100 202 = 400 302 = 900
3. SOME PROPERTIES OF SQUARE AND SQUARE ROOT:
(i) Complete square of a no. is possible if its last digit is 0, 1, 4, 5, 6 & 9.
If last digit of a no. is 2, 3, 7, 8 then complete square root of this no. is
not possible.
 (ii) If last digit of a no. is 1, then last digit of its complete square root is
either 1 or 9.
(iii) If last digit of a no. is 4, then last digit of its complete square root is
either 2 or 8.
(iv) If last digit of a no. is 5 or 0, then last digit of its complete square root
is either 5 or 0.
(v) If last digit of a no. is 6, then last digit of its complete square root is
either 4 or 6.
(vi) If last digit of a no. is 9, then last digit of its complete square root is
either 3 or 7.
Method to find square of two digit number:
(ab)2 = (a2 + 2ab + b2)
Add carry to the left terms.
For ex, (36)2 = 9/2 × 3 × 6/36 = 9/(36 + 3)/6
= (9 + 3 )/9/6 = 1296
Cube of numbers:
13 = 1 73 = 343 143 = 2744
23 = 8 83 = 512 153 = 3375
33 = 27 93 = 729 163 = 4096
43 = 64 113 = 1331 173 = 4913
53 = 125 123 = 1728 183 = 5832
63 = 216 133 = 2197 193 = 6859

4. THOSE NUMBERS WHOSE ALL DIGITS ARE 3.

(33)2 = 1089 Those number in which all digits are number is 3 two or more
than 2 times repeated, to find the square of these number, we repeat 1 and 8
by (n – 1) time. Where n ® Number of times 3 repeated.
(333)2 = 110889 (3333)2 = 11108889

5. THOSE NUMBERS WHOSE ALL DIGITS ARE 9.

(99)2 = 9801 (9999)2 = 99980001
(999)2 = 998001 (99999)2 = 9999800001

6. THOSE NUMBER WHOSE ALL DIGITS ARE 1.

A number whose one’s, ten’s, hundred’s digit is 1 i.e., 11, 111, 1111, ....
In this we count number of digits. We write 1, 2, 3, ..... in their square the digit
in the number, then write in decreasing order up to 1. 112 = 121
1112 = 12321 11112 = 1234321

Banking Quantitative Aptitude Formula Book 5

 Chapter 2

Number System

1. If the prime factorization of a natural number N is given by

N = p1q1 p2q2 p3q3 ...
Then, the number of factors of N = (1 + q1) (1 + q2) (1 + q3) ...
2. If the prime factorization of a natural number N is given by
N = p1q1 p2q2 p3q3 ...
Then, the sum of all the factors of N = (1 + p11 + p12 +...+ p1q3)(1 + p21 +
p22 +...+ p2q2 ) (1 + p31 + p32 +...+ p3q3)...
3. The factorial of a natural number is equal to the product of the first n
natural numbers and it is denoted by N!.
N! = 1 × 2 × 3 ×...× N
4. Let p be a prime number. Then, the maximum value of m for which pm
N   N   N 
divides N! completely =   +  2  +  3  + ...
 p p  p 
where [x] denotes the greatest integer less than equal to x.
5. HCF × LCM = Product of two numbers
Note: This formula is applicable only for two numbers
6. If P = n(n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3) +1, then P is a perfect square number and
P = (n2 + 3n + 1)2
7. The number added to x(x + a) (x + 2a) (x + 3a) to make it a perfect square
= a4

DIVISIBILITY (IMPORTANT TO ENHANCE CALCULATION

SPEED)
(i) A no. of 3-digits which is formed by repeating a digit 3-times, then this
no. is divisible by 3 and 37. e.g., 111, 222, 333, .......
6 Number System
 (ii) A no. of 6-digit which is formed by repeating a digit 6-times then this
no. is divisible by 3, 7, 11, 13 and 37. e.g., 111111, 222222, 333333,
444444, .............
1. Divisibility by ‘2’: A number will be divisible by 2 if its last digit is an
even number.
2. Divisible by 3: A number will be divisible by 3 if sum of its all digits is
divisible by 3.
For example, 2352 is divisible by 3 because sum of digits (2 + 3 + 5 + 2
= 12) is also divisible by 3.
3. Divisible by 9: A number will be divisible by 9 if sum of its all digits is
also divisible by 9.
For example, 23526 is divisible by 9 because the sum of digits (2 + 3 + 5
+ 2 + 6 = 18) is also divisible by 9.
4. Divisible by 4: A number will be divisible by 4 if its last two digits are
divisible by 4.
For example, 561224 is divisible by 4 because the last two digits i.e. 24
are divisible by 4.
5. Divisible by 8: A number will be divisible by 8 if its last three digits are
divisible by 8.
For example, 521224 is divisible by 8 because the last three digits i.e. 224
are divisible by 8.
6. Divisible by 16: A number will be divisible by 16 if its last four digits are
divisible by 16.
For example, 521632 is divisible by 16 because the last four digits i.e.
1632 are divisible by 16.
7. Divisible by 7: We use osculator (– 2) for divisibility test.
99995 : 9999 – 2 × 5 = 9989
9989 : 998 – 2 × 9 = 980
980 : 98 – 2 × 0 = 98
Now 98 is divisible by 7, so 99995 is also divisible by 7.
8. Divisible by 11: In a number, if difference of sum of digit at even places
and sum of digit at odd places is either 0 or multiple of 11, then no. is
divisible by 11. For example, 12342 ¸ 11
Sum of even place digit = 2 + 4 = 6
Sum of odd place digit = 1 + 3 + 2 = 6 Difference = 6 – 6 = 0
12342 is divisible by 11.

Banking Quantitative Aptitude Formula Book 7

9. Divisible by 13: We use (+ 4) as osculator.
e.g., 876538 ¸ 13
876538: 8 × 4 + 3 = 35
5 × 4 + 3 + 5 = 28
8 × 4 + 2 + 6 = 40
0 × 4 + 4 + 7 = 11
1 × 4 + 1 + 8 = 13
13 is divisible by 13.
\ 876538 is also divisible by 13.
10. Divisible by 17: We use (– 5) as osculator.
e.g., 294678: 29467 – 5 × 8 = 29427
27427: 2942 – 5 × 7 = 2907
2907: 290 – 5 × 7 = 255
255: 25 – 5 × 5 = 0
294678 is completely divisible by 17.
11. Divisible by 19: We use (+ 2) as osculator.
e.g: 149264: 4 × 2 + 6 = 14
4 × 2 + 1 + 2 = 11
1 × 2 + 1 + 9 = 12
2×2+1+4=9
9 × 2 + 1 = 19
19 is divisible by 19
149264 is divisible by 19.
12. Divisibility by 5: Any number will be divisible by 5 if its last digit is
either ‘0’ or ‘5’.
Mix Divisibility :
13. Divisibility by 6: A number will be divisible by 6 if and only if it is
divisible by both 2 and 3.
For example : 2454 is divisible by 6 because it is divisible by 2 (last digit
even number) and 3 (sum of digits = 15 also divisible by 3).
14. Divisibility by 12: A number will be divisible by 12 if and only if it is
divisible by both 4 and 3.
For example : 24564 is divisible by 12 because it is divisible by 4 (last
two digits are divisible by 4) and 3 (sum of digits = 21 also divisible
by 3).
8 Number System
15. Divisibility by 72: A number will be divisible by 72 if and only if it is
divisible by both 8 and 9.
Ramban : Any number will be divisible by a given number if it is divisible
by co-prime factors of the given number.
16. Dividend = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder
Remainder Theorem
1. When divided by ‘2’: If an odd number is divided by 2, it always gives
1 as remainder.
When divided by ‘4’:
(a) When unit digit of a number is either 3 or 7 and also preceded by an
even number, then remainder will always be 3 else remainder will be
1.
(b) When unit digit of a number is either 1 or 5 and also preceded by an
even number then remainder always will be 1 elese remainder will be
3.
(c) When unit digit is ‘9’, remainder always will be 1.
When divided by 5: When the unit digit is < 5, then remainder will be unit
digit and when unit digit is > 5, then remainder will be (unit digit - 5).

Banking Quantitative Aptitude Formula Book 9

 Chapter 3

Sequences and Series

n(n +1)
1. The sum of the first n natural numbers = 1 + 2 + 3 +...+ n =
2
2. The sum of the first n even natural numbers = 2 + 4 + 6 +... + 2n
= n(n + 1)
3. The sum of the first n odd natural numbers = 1 + 3 + 5 + ...+ 2n – 1 = n2
4. The sum of squares of the first n natural numbers = 12 + 22 + 32 + ... + n2
n(n + 1) (2n + 1)
=
6
5. The sum of squares of the first n even natural numbers
2n(n + 1) (2n + 1)
= 22 + 42 + 62 + ... + (2n)2 =
3
6. The sum of squares of the first n odd natural numbers = 12 + 32 + 52 + ...
n(2n  1) (2n  1)
+ (2n – 1)2 =
3
7. The sum of cubes of the first n natural numbers = 13 + 23 + 33 + ... + n3
 n(n  1) 
2

=  
 2 
8. The sum of cubes of the first n even natural numbers
= 23 + 43 + 63 + ... + (2n)3 = 2[n(n + 1)]2
9. The sum of cubes of the first n odd natural numbers
= 13 + 33 + 53 + ... + (2n – 1)3 = n2 (2n2 – 1)
10. Let a be the first term and d be the common difference of an Arithmetic
Progression (AP). Then, the nth term of this AP is given by
10 Sequences and Series
 Tn = a + (n – 1) d
11. Let a be the first term and d be the common difference of an Arithmetic
Progression (AP). Then, the sum of the first n terms of this AP is given by
n
Sn = [2a  (n  1)d ]
2
n
Or Sn = [a + 1], where l is the last term of the given AP.
2
12. Let a be the first term and r be the common ratio of a Geometric Progression
(GP). Then, the nth term of this GP is given by
Tn = ar(n – 1)
13. Let a be the first term and r be the common ratio of a Geometric Progression
(GP). Then, the sum of the first n terms of this GP is given by
a (r n 1 )
Sn = ar  ,
(r  1)
14. Let a be the first term and r be the common ratio of a Geometric Progression
(GP). If | r | < 1, then the sum of infinite terms of this GP is given by
a
S∞ =
(1− r )
15. Arithmetic mean (AM) of two numbers a and b = (a+b)/2
(a1 + a2 + a3 + ... an )
16. Arithmetic mean (AM) of n numbers a1, a2, a3,..., an =
n
17. Geometric mean (GM) of two numbers a and b = ab
18. Geometric mean (GM) of n numbers a1, a2, a3, ... , an
= (a1. a2 . a3... an)(1/n)
19. For n positive numbers, AM ≥ GM
20. For n negative numbers, AM ≤ GM

Banking Quantitative Aptitude Formula Book 11

 Chapter 4

Algebra

1. Formulae and Identities

I. a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)
II. (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab
III. (a – b)2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab
IV. (a + b)2 + (a – b)2 = 2(a2 + b2)
V. (a + b)2 – (a – b)2 = 4ab
VI. (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
VII. (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab (a + b)
VIII. (a – b)3 = a3 – b3 – 3ab(a – b)
IX. a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a2 – ab + b2)
X. a3 + b3 = (a + b)3 – 3ab(a + b)
XI. a3 – b3 = (a – b) (a2 + ab + b2)
XII. a3 – b3 = (a – b)3 + 3ab(a – b)
 1
2. Formulae and Identities:  x +  form
 x
2
I.  x + 1  = x 2 + 1 + 2
 x 
 x2
2
1 1
II.  x −  = x 2 + −2
 x x2
1 1 1
III. If x 2 + 2
= k , then x + = k + 2 and x − = k −2
x x x
1 1
IV. If x + k then x 2 + 2 = k 2 − 2
=,
x x
12 Algebra
 1 1
V. If x − k then x 2 + 2 = k 2 + 2
=,
x x
1 1
VI. If x + k then x − =
=, k2 − 4
x x
1 1
VII. If x − k then x + =
=, k2 + 4
x x
3
1 1 1
VIII.  x +  = x 3 + 3 + 3  x + 
 x x  x
3
 1 1  1
IX.  x −  = x 3 − 3 − 3  x − 
 x  x  x
3. Some Other Important formulae
I. If x2 + x + 1 = 0, then x3 = 1
II. If x2 – x + 1 = 0, then x3 = –1
4. Factor Theorem: Let p(x) be a polynomial of degree greater than equal
to 1. Then, (x – a) is a factor of p(x) if and only if p(a) = 0.
5. Relation between zeros and coefficient of a polynomial:
I. If α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial ax2 + bx + c then,
b
α + β = − [Sum of the roots]
a
c
αβ = [Product of the roots]
a
II. If α, β and γ are the zeros of the cubic polynomial, then ax3 + bx2 + cx
+ d then,
b
α + β + γ = − [Sum of the roots]
a
c
αβ + βγ + γα = [Sum of the roots taken one at a time]
a
d
αβγ = − [Product of roots]
a
6. Quadratic Formula: The roots of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c =
0 are:
−b ± b 2 − 4ac
x=
2a

Banking Quantitative Aptitude Formula Book 13

7. Discriminant of a Quadratic equation: The discriminant of the quadratic
equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is:
D = b2 – 4ac
8. Nature of Roots: The roots of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 are:
I. Real and Unequal: If D > 0
II. Real and Equal: If D = 0
III. Imaginary: If D < 0

14 Algebra
 Chapter 5

Mensuration (Area and

Perimeter)

1. Triangle:
(i) Let the length of the sides of a triangle be a, b, and c. Then,

a b

c
(a) Perimetre of the triangle = a + b + c
(a + b + c)
(b) Semi-perimetre, s =
2
(c) Area of the triangle, Δ = ( s ( s − a ) ( s − b) ( s − c))
(ii) Let the base of a triangle be b and let the length of the altitude from the
opposite vertex to the base be h. Then,
Height (h)

Base
b
1 1
Area of the triangle, Δ = × base × height = × b × h
2 2
(iii) Let a and b be the length of the two sides of a triangle and let θ be the
angle between the two lines. Then,

Banking Quantitative Aptitude Formula Book 15

 q
a b

1
Area of the triangle, Δ = × a × b × sin θ
2
(iv) Right Angle Triangle: Let ABC be a right triangle, right angled at B. Then,
1 1
Area of ΔABC = × base × perpendicular = × AB × BC
2 2
PYTHAGORAS THEOREM EQUATION
A

B C
(Hypotenuse)2 = (Base)2 + (Perpendicular)2
Hypotenuse is the side in front of 90 degree angle.
In triangle ABC, AC is the hypotenuse.
If AB is base then BC will be perpendicular and vice versa.
(AC)2 = (BC)2 + (AB)2
(v) Equilateral Triangle: Let the length of each side of an equilateral triangle
be a. Then,

a a

a
(a) Perimeter of Equilateral Triangle = 3a
3 2
(b) Area of Equilateral Triangle = a
4
2. Circle: Let the radius of the circle be r. Then,

16 Mensuration (Area and Perimeter)

 (i) Diameter of the circle, d = 2r
(ii) Circumference of the circle = 2πr
(iii) Area of the circle = πr2
(iv) Length of the arc which subtends an angle θ at the center of the circle

l = r θ, if θ is in radian l = 2r  , if θ is in degree
360

r q r

l

(v) Area of the sector of central angle θ = r 
2

360
(vi) Perimeter of semi-circle = πr + 2r = r(2 + π)
pr

2r
3. Square: Let the length of the side of a square be a. Then,
a

a a
2a

a
(i) Perimeter of the square =4a
(ii) Area of the square = a2
(iii) Diagonal of the square = 2a
4. Rectangle:
l

b 2
b
l +
2

a
Banking Quantitative Aptitude Formula Book 17
 (i) Perimetre of the rectangle = 2(l + b)
(ii) Area of the rectangle = l × b
(iii) Diagonal of the rectangle = l 2 + b 2
(iv) Area of the path of uniform width x on the outer side along the boundary
of the rectangle = 2x (l + b + 2x)
x

b
l

(v) Area of the path of uniform width x on the inner side along the boundary
of the rectangle = 2x(l + b – 2x)
x

l
(vi) Area of the path of uniform width x in the middle of the rectangle along
its length and breadth = x(l + b – x)
l

b x

5. Parallelogram:

q
b
(i) Area of the parallelogram of base b and height h = base × height
= b × h
18 Mensuration (Area and Perimeter)
 (ii) Area of the parallelogram of the length of the sides a and b and one
interior angle θ = ab sin θ
6. Rhombus:
1
(i) Area of the rhombus of diagonals d1 and d2 = × d1 × d2
2

d1 d2

(ii) Area of the rhombus of the length of the side a and one interior angle
θ = a2 sin θ
a
q
a
a

a
7. Trapezium: Let ABCD be a trapezium with AB || CD and let AE ^ DC
and BF ^ DC. Then,
A B

D E F C
1
Area of the trapezium = ×(AB + CD) × AE
2
8. Quadrilateral: Let the diagonals of the quadrilateral are d1 and d2 and
intersect each other at 90°. Then,

d2
d1

Banking Quantitative Aptitude Formula Book 19

 1
Area of the quadrilateral = × d1 × d2
2
9. Regular Hexagon: Let the length of the side of a regular hexagon be a.
Then,
a a

2a
a a
3a

a a
(i) Perimetre of the Regular Hexagon = 6a
2 3a 2
(ii) Area of the Regular Hexagon =
3
(iii) Length of the longest Diagonal = 2a
(iv) Length of the smaller diagonal = 3a

20 Mensuration (Area and Perimeter)

 Chapter 6

Mensuration (Volume and

surface areas)

1. Cube: Let the edge of the cube be a. Then,

a
a

(i) Volume of the cube = a3

(ii) Lateral surface area of the cube = 4a2
(iii) Total surface area of the cube = 6a2
(iv) Length of the longest diagonal of the cube = 3a
2. Cuboid: Let the length, breadth had height of a cuboid be l, b and h
respectively. Then,
l
h

(i) Volume of the cuboid = l × b × h

(ii) Lateral surface area of the cuboid = 2(l + b) × h
(iii) Total surface area of the cuboid = 2(lb + bh + hl)
(iv) Length of the longest diagonal of the cube = l 2 + b 2 + h 2
3. Cylinder: Let the radius of base and height of the cylinder be r and h
respectively. Then,
Banking Quantitative Aptitude Formula Book 21
 r

r
Volume of the cylinder = πr2h
Curved Surface Area of the cylinder = 2πrh
Total Surface Area of the cylinder = 2πrh + 2πr2 = 2πr(h + r)
4. Cone: Let the radius of base and height of the cone be r and h respectively.
Then,

h l

1 2
(i) Volume of the cone = πr h
3

(ii) Slant Height of the cone, l = r 2 + h2

(iii) Curved Surface Area of the cone = πrl
(iv) Total Surface Area of the cone = πrl + πr2 = πr(l + r)
5. Sphere: Let the radius of the sphere be r. Then,

4 3
(i) Volume of the sphere = πr
3
(ii) Total Surface Area of the sphere = 4πr2
22 Mensuration (Volume and surface areas)
6. Hemisphere: Let the radius of the sphere be r. Then,

2 3
(i) Volume of the hemisphere = πr
3
(ii) Curved Surface Area of the hemisphere = 2πr2
(iii) Total Surface Area of the hemisphere = 3πr2
7. Frustum of Cone: Let the radii of the frustum are r and R and the height
of the frustum be h. Then,

l
h

R
1
(i) Volume of the frustum of the cone = πh(R2 + r2 + Rr)
3

(ii) Slant Height of the cone, l = h2  ( R  r )2

(iii) Curved Surface Area of the cylinder = πl(R + r)
Total Surface Area of the cylinder = πl(R + r) + πR2 + πr2
8. Prism: A prism is a solid whose cross-sectional area is uniform.

(i) Volume of the prism = Area of the base × Height of the prism
(ii) The curved surface area of the prism
= Perimetre of the base × Height of the prism

Banking Quantitative Aptitude Formula Book 23

 (iii) The total surface area of the prism
= Curved Surface Area + 2 × Area of the base.
9. Pyramid:

Slant
Height Height

Base

1
(i) Volume of the pyramid = × Area of the base × Height of the pyramid
3
(ii) Lateral surface area of the prism
1
= × Perimetre of the base × Slant Height of the pyramid
2
(iii) Total surface area of the prism = Curved Surface Area + Area of the
base
10. Regular Tetrahedron: A regular tetrahedron is a tetrahedron whose
all four faces are equilateral triangles of equal size. Let the side of each
equilateral triangle be a. Then,

a
a
(i) Volume of the regular tetrahedron = (√2 a^3)/12
(ii) Lateral Surface Area = (3√3)/4 a^2
(iii) Total Surface Area = √3 a^2

24 Mensuration (Volume and surface areas)

 Chapter 7

Geometry

GEOMETRY
(i) The complementary angle of θ = 90° – θ.
(ii) The supplementary angle of θ = 180° – θ.
1. Triangle:
(i) The sum of all the angles of a triangle is180°.
i.e. ∠BAC + ∠ABC + ∠ACB = 180°
A

B C
2. Square: Let ABCD be a square and let the diagonals AC and BD intersect
at point O. Then,
A B

D C
(i) AC = BD
(ii) OA = OB = OC = OD

Banking Quantitative Aptitude Formula Book 25

 (iii) ∠AOB = ∠BOC = ∠COD = ∠DOA = 90°
(iv) ∠BAC = 45°
3. Rectangle: Let ABCD be a rectangle and let the diagonals AC and BD
intersect each other at point O. Then,
A B

D C
(v) AC = BD
(vi) OA = OB = OC = OD
4. Polygon
(i) The sum of all interior angles of a polygon of n sides = (n – 2) ×180°
(ii) The measure of each interior angle of a regular polygon of n sides
(n − 2) × 180
=
n
(iii) The sum of all exterior angles of a polygon of n sides = 360°
(iv) The measure of each exterior angle of a regular polygon of n sides
360
=
n
n(n − 3)
(v) Number of diagonals in a polygon of n sides
2

26 Geometry
 Chapter 8

Averages

Sum of observations
1. Average =
Number of observations
2. Sum of numbers = Average × number of observations
3. If the average of n1 numbers is a1 and the average of n2 numbers is a2,
a n +a n
then the combined average of all the numbers 1 1 2 2
n1 + n2
4. Let x1 be n observations and wi be their respective weights, then the
x w + x w + ... + xn wn
weighted average = 1 1 2 2
w1 + w2 + ... + wn
5. Average of numbers:
(i) The average of the first n natural numbers = n(n + 1)
(ii) The average of the first n even natural numbers (n + 1)
(iii) The average of the first n odd natural numbers = n
(n + 1) (2n + 1)
(iv) The average of squares of the first n natural numbers =
6
(v) The average of squares of the first n even natural numbers
2(n + 1) (2n + 1)
=
3
(vi) The average of squares of the first n odd natural numbers
(2n − 1) (2n + 1)
=
3
2
 ( n + 1) 
(vii) The sum of cubes of the first n natural numbers = n  
 2 

Banking Quantitative Aptitude Formula Book 27

(viii) The sum of cubes of the first n even natural numbers = 2n[(n + 1)]2
(ix) The sum of cubes of the first n odd natural numbers = n(2n2 – 1)
(x) Let a be the first term and l be the last term of an Arithmetic Progression
a+l
(AP). Then, the average of all the numbers =
2

28 Averages
 Chapter 9

Ratio and Proportion

1. Ratio: Ratio The ratio of two numbers a and b is written as a : b and is

a a
equivalent to i.e. a : b =
b b
2. Proportion:
I. If a, b, c, and d are in proportion then we write a : b :: c : d
a : b :: c : d = a × d = b × c
II. Continued Proportion: If a, b and c are in continued proportion, then
a b
=
b c
III. Third proportion: The third proportion of a and b = ab
bc
IV. Fourth proportion: The fourth proportion of a, b and c =
a
V. Mean proportion: The mean proportion of a and b = ab
3. Directly and Indirectly Proportional:
I. Directly Proportional: If X is directly proportional to Y, then we write
X ∝ Y.
X ∝ Y ⇒ X = kY, where k is a constant
X1 Y1
Also, X ∝ Y ⇒ =
X 2 Y2
II. Indirectly Proportional: If X is indirectly proportional to Y, then we
1
write X ∝ .
Y

Banking Quantitative Aptitude Formula Book 29

 1
X ∝ k , where k is a constant
⇒ XY =
Y
1
Also, X ∝ ⇒ X1Y1 =
X 2Y2
Y
4. Partnership:
I. If A invests ₹ x for t1 time and B invests ₹ y for t2 time, then the ratio
of their profits (xt1) : (yt2)
II. If A invests ₹ x for t1 time, B invests ₹ y for t2 time and C invests ₹ z
for t3 then the ratio of their profits = (xt1) : (yt2) : (zt3)
5. Mixture and Alligation:
I. A container contains x litres of milk. From this container y litres of milk
was taken out and replaced by water. If this process was repeated n
n
 y
times, then the quantity of milk in the final mixture
= x 1 − 
 x
II. The cost price of 1 unit of cheaper ingredient is c and the cost price
of 1 unit of dearer ingredient is d. If these two ingredients are mixed
together such that the cost price of 1 unit of mixture is m, then the ratio
in which these two ingredients are mixed = (d – m) : (m – c)
CP of 1 unit of CP of 1 unit of
cheaper dearer
c d
Mean
Price
m
d– m–
m c
Ratio of Quantity of cheaper to dearer = (d – m) : (m – c)

30 Ratio and Proportion

 Chapter 10

Percentage

1. Conversion of percentage into fraction and vice versa

x
x% =
100

x x 
=  × 100  %
y y 
ab
I. ab.ab% =
99
2. If A is x% more than B, then A = (100 + x)%
3. If A is y% less than B, then A = (100 – y)%
x
4. If A is x% more than B, then B is % less than A
100 + x
y
5. If A is y% less than B, then B is % more than A
100 − y
 xy 
6. If A is x% more than B and B is y% more than C, then A is  x + y + %
more than C.  100 
7. If the price of a commodity increased by x%, then the reduction in
x
consumption so that the expenditure remains same = %
100 + x
8. Let the population of a town increases R% every year. If the present
population of a town is P, then
P
I. n years ago, the population of the town n years ago = n
 R 
1 + 
 100 
Banking Quantitative Aptitude Formula Book 31
 n
 R 
II. n years hence, the population of the town
= P 1 + 
 100 
9. Let the value of an item depreciates R% every year. If the present value
of the item is P, then
P
III. n years ago, the value of the item = n
 R 
1 + 
 100 
n
 R 
IV. n years hence, the value of the item
= P 1 + 
 100 
10. Let the population of a town decreases R% every year. If the present
population of a town is P, then
P
V. n years ago, the population of the town n years ago = n
 R 
1 − 
 100 
n
 R 
= P 1 −
VI. n years hence, the population of the town 
 100 
10. Let the value of an item depreciates every year. If the present value of
the item is , then
VII. n years ago, the value of the item
VIII. n years hence, the value of the item
IX. Percentage to Fraction Conversion and Vice Versa

1
1 = 100% 1/ 11 9=
= % 9.09% 3/8=37.5%
11

1
½ = 50% 1/
= 12 8= % 7.69 5/8 = 62.5%
3

1 9
1/ 3 33
= = % 33.33% =
1/ 13 7= % 7.69 7/8=87.5%
3 13

1
1/4 = 25 1/
= 14 7= % 7.14 2/3=66.66%
7

2
1/5 = 20% 1/
= 15 6= % 6.66 7/16 = 43.75%
3
32 Percentage
 2 1
1/ 6 16
= = % 16.66% 1/
= 16 6= % 6.25% 9/16 = 56.25%
2 4

2 15 4
1/ 7 14
= = 1/ 17 5=
% 14.28% = % 5.88% =
2 / 7 28
= %
7 17 7

1 15
1/ 8 12
= = % 12.5% 1/ 18 5=
= % 5.55 28.57%
8 9

1 5 1
1/ 9 11
= = % 11.11% 1/ 19 5=
= % 526 =
4 / 7 57
= % 57.14
9 19 7

1
1/10 = 10% 1/20 = 5% 5 / 6 83
= = % 83.33%
3

1 7
58.33%
= 58 = %
3 12
5 5
45.45%
= 45 = %
11 11
1 5
31.25%
= 31 = %
4 16
2 2
18.18%
= 18 = %
11 11
4 4
44.44%
= 44 = %
9 9
2 2
22.22%
= 22 = %
9 9
3 3
18.75%
= 18 = %
4 16
2 4
26.66%
= 26 = %
3 15

Banking Quantitative Aptitude Formula Book 33

 Chapter 11

Profit and Loss

1. Some basic formulae:

I. When SP > CP, then profit = SP – CP
II. When CP > SP, then loss = CP – SP
III. SP = CP + Profit
IV. SP = CP – Loss
SP – CP Profit
V. Profit %= × 100= × 100
CP CP
CP − SP Loss
VI. Loss % = × 100 = × 100
CP CP
2. If profit % = P, then
100 + P
=SP × CP
100
100
CP
= × SP
100 + P
3. If loss % = L, then
100 − L
=SP × CP
100
100
CP
= × SP
100 − L
4. A person sells two articles at the same price. If he incurs x% loss on one
x2
item and x% profit on another item, then he incurs a loss of % on the
100
whole transaction.
34 Profit and Loss
5. If a shopkeeper sells his goods at cost price but uses false weight, then his
True weight − false weight
profit% × 100
False weight
6. If a shopkeeper sells his goods at x% profit and uses y% less weight, then
x+ y
his profit % =
100 − y
7. If a shopkeeper sells his goods at x%loss and uses y% less weight, then
y−x
his profit% or loss % =
100 − y
DISCOUNT
1. Discount = MP – SP
Discount MP − SP
2. Discount%
= × 100
= × 100
MP MP
100 − d 100
3. If discount % =d, then
= SP × MP=
MP × SP
100 100 − d
4. When there are two successive discounts of d1 % and d2%, then
(100 − d1 ) (100 − d 2 )
SP = × × MP
100 100
5. A single discount equivalent to two successive discounts of x% and y%
 xy 
= x+ y− %
 100 
MP 100 + P
6. If there is a profit of P% after giving D % discount, then =
CP 100 − D

Banking Quantitative Aptitude Formula Book 35

 Chapter 12

Simple Interest and Compound

Interest

1. If Principal = P, Rate of interest = R % per annum and Time = T years. Then,

P × R ×T
I. Simple Interest, SI =
100
II. Amount, A = P + SI
III. If simple interest for n years is ‘X’, then simple interest for one year
will be (X/n)
2. If an amount of =P at a certain rate of interest becomes n1 times in t years,
(n − 1) × t
then it will become n2 times in = 2
n1
3. If the Principal = P, Rate of interest = R % per annum and Time = T years
and the interest is compounded annually, then,
T
 R 
I. A P 1 +
Amount,= 
 100 
 R 
T

II. Compound Interest, CI = A − P = P 1 +  − 1
 100  
4. If the Principal = P, Rate of interest = R % per annum and Time = T years
and the interest is compounded half-yearly, then,
4T
 R 
I. Amount,=
A P 1 + 
 4 × 100 
 R 
4T

II. Compound Interest, CI = A − P = P  1 +  − 1
 4 × 100  

36 Simple Interest and Compound Interest

5. If the Principal = P , Rate of interest = R% per annum and Time = T years
and the interest is compounded quarterly, then,
4T
 R 
I. Amount,=
A P 1 + 
 4 × 100 
 R 
4T

II. Compound Interest, CI = A − P = P  1 +  − 1
 4 × 100  
6. If the interest is compounded annually and the rate of interest is R1 % for
the first year, R2 % for the second year and R3 % for the third year,then
 R  R  R 
P 1 + 1  1 + 2  1 + 3 
A=
 100  100  100 
7. If the interest is compounded annually, the rate of interest is R% per annum
t
n  R   nR 
and the time is in fractions say t years, then A =
P 1 +  1 + 
m  100   m × 100 
8. If an amount P at a certain rate of interest becomes n1 times in t1 years,
and n2 times in t2 years, and the interest is compounded annually, then
(n2 )t1 = (n1 )t2

9. If Principal = P , Rate of interest = R % per annum and Time = 2 years.

Then,
2
 R  SI × R
CI − SI =
P  CI − SI =
 100  100
10. If Principal = P, Rate of interest = R % per annum and Time 3 years. Then,
PR 2 ( 300 + R )
CI − SI =
1003
10. If Principal , Rate of interest % per annum and Time years. Then,
 R   R 
2 2

CI=
− SI P   + 3  
 100   100  
11. If an amount of C is to be returned in n equal installments and the value
of each installment is I , then
I I I I
=P + + + ... +
 R   R 
2
 R 
3
 R 
n

1 +  1 +  1 +  1 + 
 100   100   100   100 

Banking Quantitative Aptitude Formula Book 37

 Chapter 13

Speed, Time and Distance

1. Basic Formulae:
I. Distance = Speed × Time
Distance
II. Time =
Speed
Distance
III. Speed =
Time
2. Conversion of km/hr to m/s and vice-versa
5
I. x km/hr = x × m/s
18
18
II. x m/s = x × km/ph
5
3. Average Speed:
Total distance traveled
I. Average Speed =
Total time taken
II. If a person covers a certain distance at x kmph and the same distance
2xy
at y kmph then the average speed during the whole journey =
x+ y
kmph.
4. Same Distance is covered at two Different Speeds:
I. If a person covers a distance from A to B at x kmph and returns back
to A at y kmph and the total time of the journey is t hours then the
 xy 
=
distance between A and B  × t  kmph.
 x+ y 

38 Speed, Time and Distance

 II. If a person covers the same distance at two different speeds kmph
and kmph and the difference in time taken is hours then the distance
between A and B kmph.
5. Relative Speed:
I. When two persons are moving in the same direction at x kmph and
y kmph (where x > y), then the relative speed of A with respect to
B = (x – y) kmph
II. When two persons A and B are moving in the opposite direction
at x kmph and y kmph, then the relative speed of A with respect to
B = (x + y) kmph
6. If two vehicles A and B start at the same time towards each other from
two fixed points and after passing each other they complete their journey
in X and Y hours respectively, then
Speed of A X
=
Speed of B Y
7. Trains:
I. If the length of the train = L m and the speed of the train = S m/s, then
L
the time taken (in seconds) by the train to cross a pole, tree etc. is t =
S
II. If the length of the train = L1 m, the speed of the train = S1 m/s, and
the length of the platform or bridge = L2 m, then the time taken (in
L + L2
seconds) by the train the platform is t = 1
S
III. If the length of the train = L m, the speed of the train = S1 m/s, and the
speed of the man = S2 m/s, then the time taken (in seconds) by the train
to cross the man moving in the same direction as of the train is
L
t=
S1 − S 2
IV. If the length of the train = L m, the speed of the train =S1 m/s, and the
speed of the man = S2 m/s, then the time taken (in seconds) by the train
to cross the man moving in the opposite direction as of the train is
L
t=
S1 + S 2
V. If the length of the train A = L1 m, the speed of the train A = S1 m/s,
the length of the train B = L2 m, and the speed of the train B = S2 m/s,
and the trains are running on parallel tracks in the same direction, then
Banking Quantitative Aptitude Formula Book 39
 the time taken (in seconds) by the faster train to cross the slower train
L + L2
is t = 1
S1 − S 2
VI. If the length of the train A = L1 m, the speed of the train A = S1 m/s,
the length of the train B = L2 m, and the speed of the train B = S2 m/s,
and the trains are running on parallel tracks in the opposite direction,
then the time taken (in seconds) by the trains to cross each other is
L + L2
t= 1
S1 + S 2
VII. If a train covers a certain distance ‘d’ out of total distance D with its
original speed and after that get accidented and completes the remaining
distance (D - d) at reduced speed due to which it late by ‘t’ hours, then
(D − d ) (D − d )
− = t
reduced speed Original speed

BOATS AND STREAMS

1. If the speed of a boat in still water is x kmph and the speed of the stream
is y kmph, then
I. Speed downstream = (x + y) kmph
II. Speed upstream = (x – y) kmph
2. If the speed downstream is x kmph and the speed upstream is y kmph, then
1
=
I. Speed of the boat in still water ( x + y ) kmph
2
1
II. Speed of the stream
= ( x − y ) kmph
2
3. If the speed of the boat in still water is x kmph and the speed of the stream
is y kmph and it takes t hours to row from A to B and come back, then the
t ( x2 − y 2 )
distance between A and B =
2x
4. If the speed of a boat in still water is x kmph and the speed of the stream is
y kmph, let the boat covers the same distance upstream and downstream,
then the ratio of time taken downstream and upstream
5. If the speed of a boat in still water is x kmph and the speed of the stream
is y kmph, let the boat takes n times as long to row up as to row down,
 n +1
then x = y  
 n −1 
40 Speed, Time and Distance
 Chapter 14

Time and Work

1. If A can do a work in m days and B can do the same work in n days, then
mn
A and B together can do the same work in = days
m+n
2. If A can do a work in m days and A and B together can do the same work
mn
in n days, then B can do the same work in = days
m−n
3. If A takes x days more than A and B together to do a work and B takes
days more than A and B together to do a work then, A and B together
complete the work in = xy days.
4. If M1 men can do W1 work in D1 days working H1 hours per day and M2
men can do W2 work in D2 days working H2 hours per day then,
M 1 D1 H1 M 2 D2 H 2
=
W1 W2

5. A and B together complete a work. If A can do the same wok in m days

and B can do the same work in n days, then the ratio of their wages = n : m
6. If A can do a work in m days, B can do the same work in n days, C can
1 1 1
do the same work in p days, then ratio of their efficiencies = : :
m n p
and so on.
7. If A can do a work in m days, B can do the same work in n days, C can
do the same work in p days, then total work = LCM of (m,n,p) units
8. A and B can complete a work in ‘n’ days working alternatively while A
can complete the work in x days alone and B can complete the work in y
days alone.

Banking Quantitative Aptitude Formula Book 41

 I. If n = even, then the last working person will be B if A starts the work.
II. If n = odd, then last working parson will be A if A starts the work
n
III. Work done in n time = ( First two days work of A and B )
2
Note : Same formulas are applicable for Pipe and Cistern topics.

42 Time and Work

43 Time and Work