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    Basics

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    OPM Rocky
    This document covers the basics of C program structure and execution flow, including defining a main function, compiling a program with gcc, and running the executable. It also discusses basic data types in C like char, int, float, and double, and how to use scanf and printf functions to take user input and print output. Exercises are provided to practice writing programs that demonstrate reading and writing different data types.

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    Basics

    Uploaded by

    OPM Rocky
    34 views5 pages
    This document covers the basics of C program structure and execution flow, including defining a main function, compiling a program with gcc, and running the executable. It also discusses basic data types in C like char, int, float, and double, and how to use scanf and printf functions to take user input and print output. Exercises are provided to practice writing programs that demonstrate reading and writing different data types.

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    This document covers the basics of C program structure and execution flow, including defining a main function, compiling a program with gcc, and running the executable. It also discusses basic data types in C like char, int, float, and double, and how to use scanf and printf functions to take user input and print output. Exercises are provided to practice writing programs that demonstrate reading and writing different data types.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    34 views5 pages

    Basics

    Uploaded by

    OPM Rocky
    This document covers the basics of C program structure and execution flow, including defining a main function, compiling a program with gcc, and running the executable. It also discusses basic data types in C like char, int, float, and double, and how to use scanf and printf functions to take user input and print output. Exercises are provided to practice writing programs that demonstrate reading and writing different data types.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Hyderabad

    Campus
    Computer Programming (CS F111)
    2021-22 Second semester
    Lab1
    Topics to be covered:
    1. C Program structure and execution
    2. Data Types
    3. Reading input and printing output

    1. C PROGRAM STRUCTURE AND EXECUTION FLOW


    Let’s write a simple C program.
    Step-1: Typing the program. Use the vi editor to create a file (for Unix
    Env.).
    $ vi firstprog.c
    Step-2: Type the following program in the file, firstprog.c
    #include<stdio.h> /* Include Header Files */
    int main() /* main() is the entry point of the program */
    {
    printf ("Welcome to C Programming"); return 0;
    }
    Note:
    1. In the above program, the statements that appear enclosed
    in “/* */” are called comments.
    2. Each instruction in a C program is written as a separate
    statement, ending with a semicolon.

    [Rest of the steps are for Unix Env.]


    Step-3: Save and quit the file.
    Step-4: Now, let’s run gcc compiler over this source code to create the
    executable. $gcc firstprog.c -o exeFirstProg
    In the above command:
    ✔ gcc – Invokes the GNU C compiler
    ✔ firstprog.c – Your C program file name (this contains your source
    code)
    ✔ -o exeFirstProg – Instructs C compiler to create the executable with
    the name exeFirstProg. If you don’t specify “-o” and the name of the
    executable file, C compiler will create an output executable with the
    name a.out.
    Step-6: Finally, execute exeFirstProg (if no errors are displayed in the
    above step). This step will execute exeFirstProg to display the final
    output.

    $./exeFirstProg

    or
    $./a.out (if during compilation the name of the output file was not given)

    Data Types in C
    ✔ char: The most basic data type in C. It stores a single character and requires a
    single byte of memory in almost all compilers.
    ✔ int: It is used to store an integer value.
    ✔ float: It is used to store decimal numbers (numbers with floating point value) with
    single precision.
    ✔ double: It is used to store decimal numbers (numbers with floating point value)
    with double precision.

    Summary of Data Types


    READING DATA FROM THE KEYBOARD
    scanf function is used to accept the input from the user through keyboard. This
    function is defined in stdio.h file, that’s why we have to include stdio.h file.

    int scanf(“control string”, &variable1, &variable2 …


    variableN);

    Note: Missing the ampersand in scanf function is the most


    common C Programming error because in this case compiler may
    not produce any compile time error.

    Control String:
    It contains field specifications which direct the interpretation of input data. It consists
    of conversion character % and type specifier. It is written in double quotes. Various
    type specifiers are listed below.
    For example:
    int a; // variable is declared
    scanf(“%d”,&a); // taking integer input into variable from
    user

    Writing on screen:
    printf function is used to print output on console or monitor screen. It is similar to
    scanf function, except it does not prefix with ampersand before the variable name.
    Syntax of printf is as follows.

    Syntax: printf(“<format string>”,<list of variables>);

    Type the following program in a file called userinput.c


    #include<stdio.h>
    int main()
    {
    int a;
    int b;
    printf("Enter the value of a: ");
    scanf("%d",&a);
    printf("Enter the value of b: ");
    scanf("%d",&b);
    printf("a=%d\n",a);
    printf("b=%d\n",b);
    return 0;
    }

    Exercises
    1. Write a program to read a character and print the character using two format
    specifiers %d and %c, and explain the output.

    2. Write a program to print the minimum and maximum values of int and long int
    using limits.h header file.

    3. Write a program to define an integer variable and unsigned integer variable and
    assign 2147483648 to both variables. Print both variables, Is there any difference
    between both values? If yes, why?

    4. Write a program to input a floating-point number and print it with 4 precision


    values, i.e. 4 digits after the decimal point.

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