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1. What are the constituent sections of the power system? Generator: a device used to convert one form of energy into electrical energy. Transformer :transfer power (or) energy from one circuit to other without change of frequency Transmission lines: transfer power from one location to another Control equipments: used for protection purpose Primary transmission: 110kv,132kv(or)220kv(or)400kv(or)765kv,high voltage transmission,3 phase 3 wire system Secondary transmission: 3 phase 3 wire system, 3kv(or)66kv feeders are used Primary distribution: 3 phase 3 wire system,11kv/6.6kv,3 phase,3 wire system Secondary distribution: 400v for 3 phase,230v for 1 phase 2. Draw the structure of power system? 3. List two merits of HVDC transmission system? HVDC can carry more power with two conductors Corona loss and radio interference is less Dielectric loss is less No charging current and reactive power loss 4. Give any four advantages of EHVAC transmission systems? Reduction of current and losses Reduction of volume of conductor material Increase in transmission efficiency Reduction in % line drop 5. What are the various types of HVDC system? monopolar HVDC transmission system Biploar HVDC transmission system Homopolar HVDC transmission system 6. State the applications of HVDC transmission system? Long distance bulk power transmission Power transmission through underground/submarine cables Asynchronous interconnection of A.C systems operating at different frequencies(or)where independent control of systems is desired Back to back HVDC coupling stations 7. List out the various devices used in FACTS? STATCOM(static compensator) STATCON(static condensor) Shunt compensator
Series compensator 8. Define breakeven distance in HVDC transmission system? When the AC tends to be more economical than DC for distance less than breakeven distance and costlier for longer distances. The breakeven distance can vary from 500 to 800km in OH line depending on the per unit line costs. 9. What is meant by STATCOM? STATCOM is actually a shunt compensation device STATCOM is a static synchronous generator operated as a shunt-connected static VAR compensator whose capacitive or inductive output current can be controlled independently of the AC system voltage 10. State any four disadvantages of EHVAC transmission systems? More insulation is required for the conductors and towers More clearance is required between the conductors and the ground More distance is required between the conductors so, the length of cross arms used increases The transformers, switch gears and other terminal equipment should be designed to handle such high voltage Long distance bulk power transmission is not possible 11. What are the terminal equipments in HVDC system? DC line inductors Harmonic filters on DC side and AC side Converter transformers Reactive power source Ground electrodes Microwave communication link between the converter stations 12. Why high voltage is preferred for power transmission? High voltage is preferred for power transmission because of the following three advantages o Reduces the losses o Increase the efficiency o It can be transmitted over a very long distance 13. Draw a simple circuit for UPFC?
14. What do you mean by transmission efficiency? Also write the factors affecting it? Transmission efficiency is defined as the ratio of output power to input power %transmission efficiency= 100 % As voltage increases, current flowing through the line decreases and I2R loss reduces So, transmission efficiency increases 15. Name some HVDC system in India? Rihand- delhi HVDC transmission system Talcher- Kolar HVDC transmission system Chandrapur- Padghe transmission system 16. Why the FACTS are necessary? The main purpose of FACTS device is to provide controllable compensation to power system, enabling an increase in the systems power transmission capability The basic principle behind FACTS is that it is possible to continuously vary the apparent impedance of specific transmission lines so as to force power to flow along a desired path. 17. Name any two existing HVDC systems in India? Rihand- delhi HVDC transmission system Talcher- Kolar HVDC transmission system Chandrapur- Padghe (western region) Hirma- jaipur(northern region) 18. State the standard voltage levels adopted in India?
400kv 500kv 600kv 765kv 19. List out the basic types of FACTS controller? Static VAR compensator(SVC) Thyristor controlled series compensator(TCSC) Static condenser(STATCOM) Unified power flow controller(UPFC) 20. Define sag in transmission lines? The difference in levels between point of support and the lowest point on conductor is called sag 21. What is stringing chart? What is its use? The graph drawn between tension in kg against temperature in c And graph of sag in meters against temperature c Such graphs are called stringing chart It is used to find tension, sag at any temperature 22. What is the effect of wind and ice loading on sag? The conductor gets acted upon by two additional forces, the one vertically downwards Wi and one in horizontal direction Ww Hence the total force acting on the conductor is vector sum of the horizontal and vertical forces Wt = (( ) ( ) )
23. Draw the stringing chart? 24. Define factor of safety? The ratio of ultimate strength to the allowable tension T is called factor of safety Sf = ( ) Sf = 25. Factors affecting sag? Effect of ice coating Effect of wind pressure Effect of atmospheric condition on transmission line Effect of ice and wind 26. Define sag template?
For locating the tower positions, for normal spans & for standard towers, the sag & nature of conductor curve are calculated, under expected load conditions and plotted on a thin stiff plastic sheet. Such a graph is called sag template s

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