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Practical 11 Optional 2

This experiment aims to: 1) Prepare standard solutions of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) of known concentrations. 2) Use UV-Vis spectroscopy to measure the absorbance of the standard solutions. 3) Construct a calibration curve relating absorbance to concentration based on Beer's Law to determine the concentration of an unknown KMnO4 sample. Potassium permanganate absorbs visible light at 520 nm, allowing its concentration to be quantified using spectroscopy.

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vimukthi gunasingha
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48 views

Practical 11 Optional 2

This experiment aims to: 1) Prepare standard solutions of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) of known concentrations. 2) Use UV-Vis spectroscopy to measure the absorbance of the standard solutions. 3) Construct a calibration curve relating absorbance to concentration based on Beer's Law to determine the concentration of an unknown KMnO4 sample. Potassium permanganate absorbs visible light at 520 nm, allowing its concentration to be quantified using spectroscopy.

Uploaded by

vimukthi gunasingha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment 11

Determination of Concentration of KMnO4 Solution

Objectives:
1. To obtain the knowledge about the UV-Vis spectroscopy
2. To prepare standard solutions of potassium permanganate
3. To construct calibration curve based on Beer’s Law

Theory:
Most analytical methods require calibration (a process that relates the measured analytical signal
to the concentration of analyte, the substance to be analyzed). In this experiment). In this
experiment we will use spectroscopy to prepare a calibration curve for the quantitative analysis.
Spectroscopy is a technique that uses the absorbance of light by an analyte (the substance to be
analyzed) at a certain wavelength to determine the analyte concentration. UV/VIS (Ultra Violet/
Visible) spectrophotometry uses light in UV and visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Light of this wavelength is able to effect the excitation of electrons in the atomic or molecular
ground state to higher energy levels, giving rise to an absorbance at wavelengths specific to each
molecule.
Permanganate ion absorbs visible light at 520 nm. It is possible to determine the concentration of
unknown KMnO4 solution by UV-Vis spectroscopy.

Beer-Lambert Law
𝑨 = 𝜺𝒄𝒍 𝑨 = 𝜺𝒄𝒍

A = Absorbance (no units)


𝜺 = Molar extinction coefficient (M-1 cm-1)
C = Concentration (M)
𝒍 = Path length (cm)

The molar extinction coefficient is given as a constant and varies for each molecule. Absorbance
doesn’t carry any units. Since absorbance (A), epsilon (𝜀) and path length (l) are known, we can
calculate the concentration (c) of the sample.

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Materials:
100 ml volumetric flask
50 ml Volumetric flask
UV-Vis spectrophotometer

Chemicals:
0.2 M Potassium permanganate (KMnO4)
Different unknown solutions of permanganate

Procedure:
1) Prepare 100 ml of 0.003 M potassium permanganate (KMnO4) solution from the 0.2 M stock

solution of KMnO4 by dilution with distilled water.

2) Prepare 50 ml standard solutions of the concentrations given below for permanganate ion

solution. Dilute permanganate solutions by distilled water.

a) Blank

b) 1 x 10-4

c) 2 x 10-4

d) 3 x 10-4

e) 4 x 10-4

3) Turn on the instrument and allow for 10 minutes.

4) Fill the cells with distilled water, place in the instrument and perform baseline correction.

5) Measure the absorbance of the standards and the unknown at the chosen wavelengths (520

nm).

6) Draw the calibration curves for each ion at each wavelength.

7) Calculate the concentration of the unknown potassium permanganate solution.

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