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    Compound Pendulum

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    kokoh20
    This document describes using a compound pendulum to determine the acceleration due to gravity (g) and the radius of gyration (k). The compound pendulum consists of a rod with equidistant balls. Measurements are taken of the period (T) of oscillation for different distances (h) between the point of suspension and the center of mass. From the relationship between T and h, values for g, k, and the moment of inertia (I) can be calculated. Plotting the data in different ways allows these values to be determined from the slope and intercepts of the resulting lines.

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    Compound Pendulum

    Uploaded by

    kokoh20
    5 views3 pages
    This document describes using a compound pendulum to determine the acceleration due to gravity (g) and the radius of gyration (k). The compound pendulum consists of a rod with equidistant balls. Measurements are taken of the period (T) of oscillation for different distances (h) between the point of suspension and the center of mass. From the relationship between T and h, values for g, k, and the moment of inertia (I) can be calculated. Plotting the data in different ways allows these values to be determined from the slope and intercepts of the resulting lines.

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    This document describes using a compound pendulum to determine the acceleration due to gravity (g) and the radius of gyration (k). The compound pendulum consists of a rod with equidistant balls. Measurements are taken of the period (T) of oscillation for different distances (h) between the point of suspension and the center of mass. From the relationship between T and h, values for g, k, and the moment of inertia (I) can be calculated. Plotting the data in different ways allows these values to be determined from the slope and intercepts of the resulting lines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    5 views3 pages

    Compound Pendulum

    Uploaded by

    kokoh20
    This document describes using a compound pendulum to determine the acceleration due to gravity (g) and the radius of gyration (k). The compound pendulum consists of a rod with equidistant balls. Measurements are taken of the period (T) of oscillation for different distances (h) between the point of suspension and the center of mass. From the relationship between T and h, values for g, k, and the moment of inertia (I) can be calculated. Plotting the data in different ways allows these values to be determined from the slope and intercepts of the resulting lines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Determination of the Acceleration Due to Gravity and the Radius of Gyration

    Using a Compound Pendulum

    • Theory:

    The compound pendulum is a rod and consists of a number of equidistance halls.


    Let us consider that, the pendulum is suspended at a point at a distance h from the
    center of gravity O. if the pendulum make a small vibration through a small angle 
    then the restoring torque  is given by the relation:
    𝜏 = −𝑚𝑔ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
    But
    𝑑2 𝜃
    𝜏=𝐼
    𝑑𝑡 2
    where, I is the moment of inertia.
    𝑑2 𝜃
    ∴𝐼 = −𝑚𝑔ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
    𝑑𝑡 2

    𝑑2𝜃 𝑚𝑔ℎ
    2
    =− 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
    𝑑𝑡 𝐼
    For small angle . 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ≈ 𝜃
    𝑑2𝜃 𝑚𝑔ℎ
    2
    =− 𝜃
    𝑑𝑡 𝐼
    This equation represents a simple harmonic motion i.e.:
    𝑚𝑔ℎ
    𝜔2 =
    𝐼
    The periodic time:
    𝐼
    𝑇 = 2𝜋√
    𝑚𝑔ℎ
    Using the parallel axis theorem,
    𝐼 = 𝐼𝑂 + 𝑚ℎ2
    Where, IO is the moment of inertia about the center of gravity and m is the rod mass
    𝐼𝑂 = 𝑚𝑘 2
    where k is the radius of gyration
    𝑘2 + ℎ2
    ∴ 𝑇 = 2𝜋√
    𝑔ℎ
    This equation equivalent to simple pendulum equation
    𝑙
    𝑇 = 2𝜋√
    𝑔
    where 𝑙 is called the length of the equivalent simple pendulum or the reduced length.
    So, we can say that
    𝑘2 + ℎ2
    𝑙=
    ℎ
    i.e. ℎ2 − 𝑙ℎ + 𝑘 2 = 0
    The solutions of this equation are:
    𝑙+√𝑙2 −4𝑘2 𝑙−√𝑙2 −4𝑘2
    ℎ1 = & ℎ2 =
    2 2
    We note

    𝑙 = ℎ1 + ℎ2
    and
    𝑘 2 = ℎ1 ∙ ℎ2

    By plotting h as x-axis and T as y-axis, we get the shown curve and by plotting an
    arbitrary straight line as shown intersects the curve at h1 and h2. We note that, at
    minimum point in the curve, h1 = h2 = k1.
    By plotting h2 as x-axis and hT2 as y-axis, we get straight line has a slope 42/g and
    intersects the x-axis at –k32.

    T hT 2

    h1 K1 h2 h -k32 h2

    • Apparatus:
    Compound pendulum –ruler – stopwatch.

    • Method:
    1. Insert the needle in the first hall after the center of gravity of the pendulum.
    2. Measure the distance h between this hall and the center of gravity.
    3. Make a small displacement for the pendulum.
    4. Measure the time t20 of 20 complete vibration.
    5. Repeat the above steps for different values of h and record the corresponding time.
    6. Calculate the period time of each complete oscillation T= t20/20
    8. Plot h as x-axis and T as y-axis and draw a horizontal straight line intersects the
    curve at two points.
    10. from the curve determine 𝑘12 (at the minimum point of the curve), h1, and h2 then
    calculate 𝑘22 = ℎ1 ∙ ℎ2 .
    11. Plot h2 as x-axis and hT2 as y-axis,
    12. from the straight line determine g = 42/slope, and 𝑘32 from intersects with the x-
    axis.
    • Results:

    h(cm) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
    t20(s)
    T= t20/20(s)
    T2 (s2)
    h2(cm2)
    hT2(cm.s2)

    𝑘1 = cm & h1= cm & h2 = cm & 𝑘22 = cm2

    Slope = s2/ cm & g = cm/s2 & 𝑘32 = cm2 & m= g

    𝑘12 +𝑘22 +𝑘32


    𝑘2 = = cm & I= g . cm2
    3

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