The respiratory system is divided into an upper and lower respiratory tract. The upper respiratory tract includes the nose, nasal cavity, sinuses and throat which warm, moisten and filter air. It also includes lymphatic tissues like tonsils. The lower respiratory tract includes the lungs, bronchi, trachea and diaphragm. The lungs have lobes and are surrounded by pleura. The diaphragm and intercostal muscles help with breathing. Oxygenated blood returns to the heart via pulmonary veins while the pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
The respiratory system is divided into an upper and lower respiratory tract. The upper respiratory tract includes the nose, nasal cavity, sinuses and throat which warm, moisten and filter air. It also includes lymphatic tissues like tonsils. The lower respiratory tract includes the lungs, bronchi, trachea and diaphragm. The lungs have lobes and are surrounded by pleura. The diaphragm and intercostal muscles help with breathing. Oxygenated blood returns to the heart via pulmonary veins while the pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
The respiratory system is divided into an upper and lower respiratory tract. The upper respiratory tract includes the nose, nasal cavity, sinuses and throat which warm, moisten and filter air. It also includes lymphatic tissues like tonsils. The lower respiratory tract includes the lungs, bronchi, trachea and diaphragm. The lungs have lobes and are surrounded by pleura. The diaphragm and intercostal muscles help with breathing. Oxygenated blood returns to the heart via pulmonary veins while the pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
The respiratory system is divided into an upper and lower respiratory tract. The upper respiratory tract includes the nose, nasal cavity, sinuses and throat which warm, moisten and filter air. It also includes lymphatic tissues like tonsils. The lower respiratory tract includes the lungs, bronchi, trachea and diaphragm. The lungs have lobes and are surrounded by pleura. The diaphragm and intercostal muscles help with breathing. Oxygenated blood returns to the heart via pulmonary veins while the pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM → UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT - passage of air - filters/defenses the air - warms/moistens a. blood vessels/mucus membrane b. nose hairs
NASAL CAVITY
SUPERIOR CONCHA Ethmoid bone
MIDDLE CONCHA Medial surface of labyrinth and ethmoid MIDDLE MEATUS Air passage of lat nasal cavity between middle nasal concha c. and lat nasal wall SUPERIOR MEATUS Air passage of lat nasal cavity EXTERNAL NARES Nostrils between sup nasal concha and NASAL VESTIBULES Nasal hairs (area of nose) lat nasal wall NASAL CAVITY Moistens (mucus membrane), INFERIOR CONCHA Lymphoid tissues (lymphatic warms, filters air system) INFERIOR MEATUS ERIBIFORM PLATE Emissary veins PHARYNGEAL TONSIL Nasopharynx INTERNAL NARES Entrance PALATINE TONSIL Oropharynx PALATINE BONE Hard palate LINGUAL TONSIL Underneath the tongue SOFT PALATE Soft SPHENOID SINUS Resonates our voice and LARYNX lightens the skull PHARYNX → nasopharynx – air/mucus (throat) → oropharynx – food, water, air →laryngopharynx – food, water (esophagus), air (trachea) are separated OPENING OF Auditory tube/eustachian PHARYNGOTYMPANIC TUBE LARYNX → voice box → conduction of air
→ MUCUS MEMBRANE - mucus - cilia - transport of fluids on the surface of a membrane
→ NASAL CAVITY (conchae)
- air turbulence (filtering, warming, moistening)
1 : HYOID BONE Base of the tongue EPIGLOTTIS → Gate guardian of larynx LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT → prevents asphyxiation THYROID CARTILLAGE Largest cartilage (adams apple) CRICOID CARTILLAGE → Back part/below POSTERIOR: → front – below → back – back/behind VOCAL CORDS → vestibular fold – false vocal cords → vocal fold – true (vibrates and produces sounds) THYROHYOID Ligament that attaches your MEMBRANE hyoid bone to cartilage CRICOTHYROID Ligament that attaches your LIGAMENT thyroid cartilage to cricoid cartilage THYROHYOID MUSCLE Infrahyoid muscle of neck that depress and fix hyoid bone and larynx THYROID GLAND Butterfly-shaped organ that releases hormones that control metabolism CORNICULATE Articulate with the summits of CARTILLAGE arytenoid cartilages, backward and medialward ARETYNOID Used in the production of diff → RIGHT LUNG CARTILLAGE kinds of voice quality a. Horizontal fissure of the right lung b. Oblique fissure of the right lung
LOBES: 1. Middle lobe of the right lung 2. Inferior lobe of the right lung 3. Superior lobe of the right lung
→ LEFT LUNG a. Oblique fissure of the left lung
LOBES: 1. Superior lobe of the left lung 2. Inferior lobe of the left lung TRACHEA → anterior – tracheal cartilages → DIAPHRAGM – most important muscle for inhalation → posterior – muscle (long muscle – tracheal muscle) → PULMONARY ARTERIES – carry blood from the right side RIGHT PRIMARY BRONCHUS (10 segments) of the heart to the lungs - Right superior secondary (lobar) bronchus - Right middle secondary (lobar) bronchus → PULMONARY VEINS – blood vessels that transfer freshly - Right inferior secondary (lobar) bronchus oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atria of the heart LEFT PRIMARY BRONCHUS (8 segments/tertiary segmental bronchi) - Left superior secondary (lobar) bronchus - Left inferior secondary (lobar) bronchus
