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    Hydro-Thermal Coordination Handout

    Uploaded by

    Yousef Hassan
    This document discusses hydro-thermal coordination for power generation. It begins by explaining how hydro plant power is calculated based on discharge, head, and efficiency. It then discusses plant requirements for base and peak loads, with hydro plants preferred for base loads. The advantages of combining hydro and steam plants are listed as flexibility, economics, security, and better hydro utilization. Five scheduling methods are outlined: constant hydro generation, constant steam generation, maximum hydro efficiency, equal incremental production costs, and a coordination equation method accounting for transmission losses. Two examples are then provided and calculations shown for determining optimal generation schedules.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Hydro-Thermal Coordination Handout

    Uploaded by

    Yousef Hassan
    10 views8 pages
    This document discusses hydro-thermal coordination for power generation. It begins by explaining how hydro plant power is calculated based on discharge, head, and efficiency. It then discusses plant requirements for base and peak loads, with hydro plants preferred for base loads. The advantages of combining hydro and steam plants are listed as flexibility, economics, security, and better hydro utilization. Five scheduling methods are outlined: constant hydro generation, constant steam generation, maximum hydro efficiency, equal incremental production costs, and a coordination equation method accounting for transmission losses. Two examples are then provided and calculations shown for determining optimal generation schedules.

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    This document discusses hydro-thermal coordination for power generation. It begins by explaining how hydro plant power is calculated based on discharge, head, and efficiency. It then discusses plant requirements for base and peak loads, with hydro plants preferred for base loads. The advantages of combining hydro and steam plants are listed as flexibility, economics, security, and better hydro utilization. Five scheduling methods are outlined: constant hydro generation, constant steam generation, maximum hydro efficiency, equal incremental production costs, and a coordination equation method accounting for transmission losses. Two examples are then provided and calculations shown for determining optimal generation schedules.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    10 views8 pages

    Hydro-Thermal Coordination Handout

    Uploaded by

    Yousef Hassan
    This document discusses hydro-thermal coordination for power generation. It begins by explaining how hydro plant power is calculated based on discharge, head, and efficiency. It then discusses plant requirements for base and peak loads, with hydro plants preferred for base loads. The advantages of combining hydro and steam plants are listed as flexibility, economics, security, and better hydro utilization. Five scheduling methods are outlined: constant hydro generation, constant steam generation, maximum hydro efficiency, equal incremental production costs, and a coordination equation method accounting for transmission losses. Two examples are then provided and calculations shown for determining optimal generation schedules.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8

    HYDRO-THERMALCO-ORDINATION

    Prepared By
    Dr. Ahmed Yakout
    Cairo20ϮϮ

    Dr. Ahmed Yakout 1

    Lecture Objectives
    In this Lecture we will learn about

    • Plant Requirements for base and peak load.


    • The advantages of combined operation ( hydro
    and steam).
    • Five ways to schedule hydro-steam operation.

    Dr. Ahmed Yakout 2


    Hydro Plant Power

    • Paverage= 9.81 Q H ɻ kW
    • Where,
    • Q = Discharge m3/sec
    • H = Head m
    • ɻ= Efficiency of
    turbine-alternator unit

    Dr. Ahmed Yakout 3

    Plant Requirements for Base Load

    1. Operating cost of plant should be low


    2. Plant should be capable of working
    continuously.
    3. It should be possible to repair the plant
    speedily and economically.

    (Hydro wins)
    Dr. Ahmed Yakout 4
    Plant Requirements for Peak Load

    1. It should be possible to start , synchronize


    and load the plant quickly.
    2. The plant should have quick response to load
    variations.

    (Hydro wins)
    Dr. Ahmed Yakout 5

    Advantages of Combined Operation

    1. Flexibility of operation.
    2. Economic Advantages.
    3. Security of Supply.
    4. Better utilization of hydro power
    5. Reserve capacity

    Dr. Ahmed Yakout 6


    Scheduling Methods
    1. Constant Hydro Generation
    2. Constant Steam Generation
    3. Maximum Hydro efficiency method.
    4. Equal incremental production cost
    method(transmission losses neglected).
    5. Co-ordination equation method (with
    transmission losses)

    Dr. Ahmed Yakout 7

    1. Constant Hydro Generation

    • The hydro generation is kept constant


    throughout the operating period based on the
    amount of water available. The remaining load
    is met by steam plants.

    Dr. Ahmed Yakout 8


    2. Constant Steam Generation

    • The steam generation is kept fixed at such a


    value that the hydro generation would use the
    available amount of water over the operating
    period to meet the remaining load.

    Dr. Ahmed Yakout 9

    3. Maximum Hydro Efficiency


    Method
    • In this method , the hydro plants are operated
    at the point of maximum efficiency during
    peak load periods.
    • During off-peak hours, the hydro generation is
    scheduled so that the remaining amount of
    available water is used.

    Dr. Ahmed Yakout 10


    4.Equal incremental Production
    Cost
    • In this method the transmission losses are
    neglected.
    • The incremental water rate is multiplied by a
    constant r [(L.E./hr)/(m3/sec)] to obtain the
    incremental cost for the hydro plant. (Note: r
    depends on the amount of water available during
    the operating period.)
    • Finally, the following equation are used for
    scheduling
    dC/dPsteam = ICsteam = ʄ
    r (dW/dPhydro ) = r IWhydro= ʄ
    Dr. Ahmed Yakout 11

    5. Co-ordination Equation Method


    • Here the transmission losses are not neglected
    and the following equations are solved
    together.

    dCs / dPs = ʄ΀ϭ - (dPlosses/dPs)] for steam plants


    r dWh/dPh = ʄ [1 - (dPlosses/dPh)] for hydro plants

    Dr. Ahmed Yakout 12


    Example 1
    • The system shown in Figure 1 is to supply a load shown
    in Figure 2. The data is
    C1=(24+0.02P1)P1 L.E./hr
    W2=(6+0.0025 P2) P2 m3/sec
    • The maximum capacity of hydro plant and steam plant
    is 360 MW and 250 MW respectively.

    Dr. Ahmed Yakout 13

    Continue Example 1
    • Determine the operating schedules such that
    148.6905 million m3waterisusedduring the24
    hour period ƵƐŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ ĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ ^ĐŚĞĚƵůŝŶŐ
    ŵĞƚŚŽĚƐ͗
    ϭͲŽŶƐƚĂƚ,LJĚƌŽ
    ϮͲŽŶƐƚĂŶƚ^ƚĞĂŵ
    ϯͲDĂdžŚLJĚƌŽĞĨĨŝĐŝĞŶLJ.
    (Note:maximumefficiencyofhydrooccursat275
    MW.)
    ϰͲƋƵĂů/ŶĐƌĞŵĞŶƚĂůŽƐƚ͘ Dr. Ahmed Yakout
    14
    Example 2
    A two plant system having a steam plant near load
    center and a hydro plant at e remote location is
    shown in Figure 3. The Load is 700 MW for 14 hours
    a day and 500 MW for 10 hours a day. The
    characteristics of units are:
    • C1=(24+0.02P1)P1 L.E./hr
    • W2=(6+0.0025 P2) P2 m3/sec
    • Loss coefficient B22= 0.0005.
    Findthe generationschedule,
    forr2=2.5L.E. perh/m3persec.
    Dr. Ahmed Yakout 15

    Thank You
    For your Attention

    Dr. Ahmed Yakout 16

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