RNA:

Has a phosphate
functional group with
ribose.

Nucleotides carry the

body's genetic
information in cells.
DNA: DNA has the
Has a phosphate instructions for all life
functional group with processes.
deoxyribose.

Nucleotides: These elements are in

These are the subunits nucleotides: carbon,
that make up nucleic hydrogen, oxygen,
acids. These are made nitrogen, and
of a 5 carbon sugar, a phosphorus.
phosphate, and a
nitrogen base.

Unsaturated fats:
These are good fats
and contain at least
one double bond. This
is the best source of
lipids for the body.
Enzymes: Nucleic acids Examples are nuts and Saturated fats: Trans fats:
These are protein catalysts that olive oil. These bad fats and These are the worst
Incomplete protein: speed up reactions in the body. contain only single fats to consume and
Do not contain all 9 Enzymes like amylase break bonds. These are found are not even natural.
essential amino acids, down other macromolecules in Lipids are made of in milk products like These are found in
but are considered a the body as you digest food. carbon, hydrogen, and cheese and fatty processed foods like
protein source. oxygen, but in meats. fast food or chips.
Examples include nuts di erent ratios than
and vegetables carbs. Most common
functional groups seen
are carboxylate and
phosphate.

Lipids are known as

fats and help cells
Proteins help the body create barriers, provide
build muscle, speed up insulation, and help the
Complete protein: reactions, regulate cell Macromolecules: body absorb vitamins.
Contain all 9 essential division and cell They can also help you
amino acids that the signaling, and more! Large molecules store energy. Fats are
body can't make for They are essential in made of subunits. Lipids known as bad for you
Proteins
the body. Examples human diet to There are four but are needed for the
include sh or meat. consume amino acids body. Fats are also
and build muscle. essential to hydrophobic.
human life.

Amino acids:
20 amino acids make
up proteins. The
elements carbon, Fats are di erent than
hydrogen, oxygen, and other macromolecules
nitrogen compose because they do not
proteins. have a repeating
subunit. Fats are made
of triglycerides which
are fatty acids and
Carbohydrates glycerols.

Functional groups in
proteins are: amine,
hydrogen, and
carboxyl groups.
Carbohydrates are
organic compounds Carbohydrates are
that give the body made of carbon,
energy. Energy can be hydrogen, and oxygen.
used or stored in The following
muscles. functional groups are
in carbs: carbonyl and
hydroxyl.

Simple
sugars/monosaccharides:
The smaller subunits in carbs
(monomers). these give short
term energy when they are
broken down. Examples are
candy or soda. These make up
complex carbs.

Complex
carbohydrates/polysaccharides:
Are made of monomers (simple
sugars). These must be digested
for your body to use and will give
you long term energy. Examples
are beans or vegetables.