B.Sc. Industrial Biotechnology

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B.

SC INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
C. Programme Outcome
D. Programme Specific Outcome
E. Highlights of the Revamped Curriculum:
F. Value additions in the Revamped Curriculum:
G. Credit Distribution and Structure of Course
H. Template for Semester
I. Model Syllabus
J. Elective Courses (ED from other Department Experts)
K. Skill Development Courses
L. Institution-Industry-Interaction
SEM - I MICROBIOLOGY
Commercial Production of Microorganisms
Microorganisms & Agriculture
Products from Microorganisms
Bioremediation
Principles of Microbial growth
Bioreactor / Fermenter
Technology of Microbial cell maintenance
Downstream processing

ENZYME TECHNOLOGY
Enzyme technology
Biological fuel generation
Biotechnology in specific medical & industrial applications

GENETIC ENGINEERING
Introduction and Tools for Genetic Engineering
Different Types of Vector
Different Types Of PCR Techniques
c DNA Analysis
Gene Silencing and Genome Editing Technologies

BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY
SEMESTER - 2
Introduction to Engineering Calculation
Bioreactor Types and operation control
Bioreactor Design
Reactor engineering
Applications

IMMUNOLOGY
Immunology- fundamental concepts and anatomy of the
immune system
Immune responses generated by B and T lymphocytes
Antigen-antibody interactions
Vaccinology
BASICS OF INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Introduction to Industrial Bio process
Production of Primary Metabolites
Production of Secondary Metabolites
Production of Enzyme and Other Bio products
Production of Modern Biotechnology products

DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING

Screening and Design Purification Strategies


Low-Resolution Protein Purification Methods

Protein Purification and Characterization

Large Scale Protein Purification

Animal Based Products

Plant Based Products

Microbial Based Products

ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
Principles and application of Spectrophotometry
Chromatographic techniques
Electrophoresis
Methods for measuring nucleic acid and protein interactions

BIOCHEMISTRY
Organisation of Biomolecules
Lipids
Aminoacids
IUB Classification and nomenclature of enzymes

BIOINFORMATICS
SEMESTER - 4 Biological Database
Sequence Alingment and Database Searching
Phylogenetic Analysis
Structural Biology
Classification and Compare of 3 D Structure
Application in Drug Design
Analysis of Micro assay Data
Biological Algorithms
System Biology

CELL BIOLOGY

An overview of cell and cell organelles


Cytoskeleton and cell movement
Microscopic
Cell signaling, cell Cycle, cell death and renewal

STATISTICS

Introduction
Descriptive Statics
Probability and Distribution
Correlation and Regression Analysis
Statistical Hypothesis Testing
Tests of Significance
Experimental Designs
SEMESTER - 5

FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY

Industrial Visit
Reaction Engineering
Process Initialization
Reactor Engineering
SEMESTER 6
Bioprocess Scale up
Commercial Product Processing
Process Technology
Bio Conversions
Bio safety And Bio security

BIOETHICS
Philosophy And Theories Of Bioethics
History, Religion And Bioethics
Epidermiology And Biostatistics
Laws And Global Health Ethics , Public Health Policy
Research Ethics
Functions of clinical ethics committee

PROJECT
B.SC INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY SYLLABUS
SEMESTER - I
UNIT - I
MICROBIOLOGY
Commercial Production of Microorganisms – Industrial Fermenters, Single-cell
Protein. Bioconversions – Biomining and bioleaching of ores (Use of thermophilic
microorganisms in industrial microbiology Bio-gas, Bio-leaching, Bio-diesel.
Microorganisms & Agriculture – Microorganisms in Agricultural Waste water
treatment, Vermiculture, Microbial pesticides.
Products from Microorganisms – Metabolites, Enzymes, Antibiotics.
Bioremediation – Petroleum prospecting and formation of oil spills,, Wastewater
treatment, chemical degradation, heavy Metals.
Principles of Microbial growth – introduction, the ways of growing
microorganisms, ways to increase yield of microbes, Batch, fed-batch and continuous
cultures (definition and kinetics).
Bioreactor / Fermenter – types & operation of Bioreactors, physico-chemical
standards used in bioreactors, limitations of bioreactors, stages of fermentation
processes, Media design for fermentation processes, Solid substrate fermentation,
Fermenters (Stirred tank, bubble columns, airlift. Bioreactors, Static, Submerged and
agitated fermentation), advantages & disadvantages of solid substrate & liquid
fermentations.
Technology of Microbial cell maintenance – steps to maintain microbial culture in
an aseptic & sterile environment (how to inoculate, preserve & maintain), Strain
preservation, maintenance and strain improvement by mutation of gene transfer
processes
Downstream processing – extraction, separation, concentration, recovery &
purification, operations (Insulin, Vitamins, Metabolites), Industrial production of
Ethyl alcohol, Acetic Acid (Vinegar), Citric acid, lactic acid, α-amylase, protease
penicillin, tetracycline and vitamin B12, with reference to easily available raw
materials, Production of herbal drugs. .
UNIT - II
ENZYME TECHNOLOGY

Enzyme technology
Nature of enzymes, application of enzymes, limitations of microbial cells used as
catalysts in fermentation, multi-enzyme reactors, genetic engineering & protein
engineering of enzymes, cloning strategy for enzymes, technology of enzyme
production, use of immobilized cells and enzymes (Ca-alginate beads,
polyacrylamide), industrial applications of immobilized enzymes.

Biological fuel generation


Photosynthesis, sources of biomass, ethanol from biomass, methane from biomass,
hydrogen, microbial recovery of petroleum.

Biotechnology in specific medical & industrial applications


Retting of jute, microbial process for immunization (Production of monoclonal
antibodies), Deterioration of paper, textiles, painted surfaces and their prevention,
Biofilms, microbial biopolymers, biosurfactants, Microbial culture selection with high
yield potential.

UNIT - III
GENETIC ENGINEERING

UNIT - I
INTRODUCTION AND TOOLS FOR GENETIC ENGINEERING

Impact of genetic engineering in modern society ; general requirements for


performing a genetic engineering experiments ; restriction endonuclease and
methylase ; DNA ligase , Klenow enzyme , T 4 DNA polymerase , poly nucleotide
kinase , alkaline phosphatase ; cohesive and blunt end lingation , linkers , adaptors ;
homo-polymer tailing ; labeling of DNA ; nick translation , random priming ,
radioactive and no - radioactive probes ,hybridization techniques ; northern ,
southern , south - western and far - western and colony hybridization , fluorescence in
situ hybridization.

UNIT - II
DIFFERENT TYPES OF VECTOR

Plasmids, bacteriophages, M13mp vectors ; PUC 19 and p Blue-script vectors ,


phagemids ; Lambda vector; Insertion and Replacement vectors ; cosmids; Artificial
chromosomes vectors (YACs; BACs); principle for maximizing gene expression
vectors , p Mal ; GST ; pET - based vector, protein purification , His- tag , GST - tag ;
MBP - tag etc. Intein based vectors ; inclusion bodies , methodologies to reduce
formation of inclusion bodies ; mammalian expression and replicating vectors ,
Baulovirus and pichia vectors system , plant based vectors , Ti and Ri as vectors ,
yeast vectors, shuttle vectors

UNIT- III
DIFFERENT TYPES OF PCR TECHNIQUES

Principle of PCR : primer design , fidelity of thermostable enzyme , DNA


polymerases ; types of PCR - multiplex , nested , reverse transcription PCR , real time
PCR , touchdown PCR Hot star PCR , colony PCR , asymmetric PCR , cloning of
PCR products ; TA cloning vectors ; proof reading enzymes , PCR based site specific
mutagenesis; PCR in molecular diagnostics ; viral and bacterial detection, sequencing
methods, enzymatic DNA sequencing ; chemical sequencing of DNA ; automated
DNA sequencing ; RNA sequencing , chemical synthesis of oligonucleotides,
mutation detection : SSCP, DGGE , RFLP

UNIT - IV
c DNA ANALYSIS

Insertion of foreign DNA into host cells, transformation , electroporation ,


transfection , construction of libraries , isolation of mRNA and total RNA ; reverse
transcriptase and c DNA synthesis , c DNA and genome libraries ; construction of
micro-arrays - genomic array c DNA array and oligo arrays ; study of protein - DNA
interaction ; electrophoretic mobility shift assay ; DNA ase foot printing ; methyl
interference assay , chromatin immunoprecipitation ; protein - protein interaction
using yeast two - hybrid system ; phage display.

UNIT - V
GENE SILENCING AND GENOME EDITING TECHNOLOGIES

Gene silencing techniques ; introduction to si RNA technology ; Micro RNA ;


construction of siRNA vectors, principle and application of gene silencing ; gene
knockout and gene therapy , creation of transgenic plant ; debate over GM crops ;
introduction to method of genetic manipulation in different model system e.g. fruit
flies (Drosophila ), worms (C. elegans ), frogs (Xenopus ), fish ( Zebra fish ) and
chick; Transgenics - gene replacement ; gene targeting ; creation of transgenic and
knock out mice , disease model ; introduction to genome editing by CRISPR - CAS
with specific emphasis on Chinese and American clinical traits ; cloning genome
targets into CRISPR /Cas9 plasmid, electroporation of Cas9 plasmid into cells ;
purification of DNA from Cas9 treated cells and evaluation of Cas9 gene editing in-
vitro synthesis of single guide RNA (sgRNA), using Cas9/sgRNA complexes to test
for activity on DNA substrate ; evaluate Cas 9 activities by T 7E1 assay and DNA
sequence analysis ; Application of CRISPR /cas9 technology. Application gene
therapy/gene editing - antiviral strategies , cancer immunotherapy , hematologic
disorder ; liver - targeted gene editing, neuromusclar disorder , ocular disorder etc .,
examples of Chinese and American clinical trials .
RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOK AND REFERENCE :

1. Old , R.W. , Primrose, S.B., &Twyman, R.M. (2001).Principles of gene


Manipulation and Genomics, 7th Edition: Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications.
2. FGreen , M.R., & Sambrook, J. (2012). Molecular cloning : a Laboratory Manual.
Cold spring Harbor, NY : Cold spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
3. Brown , T.A. (2006). Genomes (3rd ed.). New york ; Garland Science Pub .
4. Selected papers from Scientific Journals, particularly Nature & science .
5. Technical Literature from Stratagene, Promega , Novagen, New England Biolabs .
SEMESTER - 2
BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY

UNIT I
Introduction to Engineering Calculation
Introduction to engineering calculations; unit conversion, measurement conventions,
Errors in Data and Calculations, Presentation of Experimental Data, Data Analysis,
General Procedures For Plotting Data, Process Flow Diagrams.

UNIT II.
Bioreactor Types and operation control
Batch reactors, fed-batch reactors, CSTR reactors, various types of bioreactors for
microbial, animal , plant cell culture, fluidized bed reactor, bubble column, air lift
fermenter, packed bed, trickle bed etc. parallel and series bioreactor. Impellers, stirrer,
glands and bearings, packed gland seal, mechanical seal, magnetic drives, baffles,
different types of spargers, computer based advance controllers for bioreactors.

UNIT III.
Bioreactor Design
Introduction, general design information, design of bioreactors, basic function of a
bioreactor design, mass and energy balance, materials of construction for bioprocess
plant, mechanical design of process equipment, utilities for biotechnology production
plants.

UNIT IV.
Reactor engineering Ideal reactors, concept of holding and space time, performance
equations for single reactors; multiple reactor systems, design of multiple reactors:
kinetics of series and parallel reaction, residence time distributions (RTD), exit age
distribution, recycle reactors, recycle ratio for auto catalytic reactions.

UNIT V.
Applications Process technology for the production of cell biomass and some
primary metabolites, e.g. ethanol, acetone-butanol, citric acid, dextran and amino
acids. Microbial production of industrial enzymes glucose isomerase, cellulase &
lipases. Applications of bioconversion, transformation of steroids and sterols.
Transformation of non-steroidal compounds, antibiotics and pesticides. Bioenergy-
fuel from biomass, production and economics of biofuels. Metal recovery and
microbial desulfurization of coal.

Text / Reference Books:


1. Comprehensive Biotechnology Vol. 1- 4: M.Y. Young (Eds.), PergamonPress.
2. Biotechnology: A Text Book of Industrial Microbiology: T.D. Brock, Smaeur
Associates,1990.
3. Industrial Microbiology: L.E. Casida, Willey Eastern Ltd., 1989.
4. Industrial Microbiology: Prescott & Dunn, CBS Publishers, 1987.
5. Bioprocess Technology- fundamentals and applications, S O Enfors & L Hagstrom
(1992),RIT, Stockholm.
6. Biotechnology, Economic & Social Aspects: E.J. Dasilva, C Rutledge & A Sasson,
Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
7. Biotechnology - a handbook of industrial microbiology: W. Crueger and A.
Crueger.
8. Microbial Biotechnology: Channarayaappa, University press, Hyderabd, 2003
9. Biochemical engineering by Aiba, Humphrey and Mells, Academic press.
10. Bioprocess engineering principles by Pauline M. Doran, Academic Press.
11. Biochemical Engineering by H.W. Blanch and D.S. Clark, MarcelDekker. 12.
Bioseparations Science and Engineering by Roger. H. Harrison., Oxford
Universitypress. 13.Applied instrumentation in the Process Industries,Vols I,II,III
Andrew W G., Gulf Publishing Company. 14.Bioseparations-Downstream processing
for Biotechnology by Paul. A. Belter, E.L.Cussler and Wei-Shou Hu., John Wiley and
sons
UNIT - II
IMMUNOLOGY

Unit I
Immunology- fundamental concepts and anatomy of the immune system
Components of innate and acquired immunity; Phagocytosis; Complement and
Inflammatory responses; Haematopoesis; Organs and cells of the immune system
primary and secondary lymphoid organs; Lymphatic system; Lymphocyte circulation;
Lymphocyte homing; Mucosal and Cutaneous associated Lymphoid tissue.
(MALT&CALT); Mucosal Immunity; Antigens - immunogens, haptens; Major
Histocompatibility Complex - MHC genes, MHC and immune responsiveness and
disease susceptibility, HLA typing.
Unit II
Immune responses generated by B and T lymphocytes
Immunoglobulins-basic structure, classes and subclasses of immunoglobulins,
antigenic determinants; Multigene organization of immunoglobulin genes; B-cell
receptor; Immunoglobulin superfamily; Principles of cell signaling; Immunological
basis of self – non-self discrimination; Kinetics of immune response, memory; B-cell
maturation, activation and differentiation; Generation of antibody diversity; T-cell
maturation, activation and differentiation and T-cell receptors; Functional T Cell
Subsets; Cellmediated immune responses, ADCC; Cytokines-properties, receptors
and therapeutic uses; Antigen processing and presentation- endogenous antigens,
exogenous antigens, non-peptide bacterial antigens and super-antigens; Cell-cell co-
operation, Hapten-carrier system.
Unit III
Antigen-antibody interactions
Precipitation, agglutination and complement mediated immune reactions; Advanced
immunological techniques - RIA, ELISA, Western blotting, ELISPOT assay,
immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and immunoelectron microscopy; Surface
plasma resonance, Biosenor assays for assessing ligand –receptor interaction, CMI
techniqueslymphoproliferation assay, Mixed lymphocyte reaction, Cell Cytotoxicity
assays, Apoptotosis, Microarrays, Transgenic mice, Gene knock outs.
Unit IV
Vaccinology
Active and passive immunization; Live, killed, attenuated, sub unit vaccines; Vaccine
technology- Role and properties of adjuvants, recombinant DNA and protein based
vaccines, plant-based vaccines, reverse vaccinology; Peptide vaccines, conjugate
vaccines; Antibody genes and antibody engineering- chimeric and hybrid monoclonal
antibodies; Catalytic antibodies and generation of immunoglobulin gene libraries.
References
1. William E. Paul, Fundamental Immunology, Wolters Kluwer/ Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins.
2. Stephen K Wikel, The Immunology Host-Ectoparasitic arthropod relationships.
Cabinternational.
3. Herman N. Eisen, MD, General Immunology. J.B. Lippincott Company. F.M.
Burnet, Immonology. W.H. Freeman and company
4. Jack G. Chirikjian, Plant Biotechnology, Animal cell culture
Immunobiotechnology. Jones and Bartlett Publisher

UNIT - III
BASICS OF INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT – I :
INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL BIOPROCESS
Biotechnology: Scope and importance, Commercial potential of Biotechnology in
India. Historical overview of industrial fermentation process -traditional and modern
Biotechnology. Industrial Fermentation- microorganisms, mode of operation,
fermentation processes-pictorial representation

UNIT – II :
PRODUCTION OF PRIMARY METABOLITES
A brief outline of processes for the production of some commercially important
organic acids (citric acid, lactic acid & acetic acid); amino acids (glutamic acid &
tryptophan) and alcohols (ethanol & butanol)
UNIT – III :
PRODUCTION OF SECONDARY METABOLITES
Production processes for various classes of secondary metabolites: antibiotics:
(penicillin streptomycin & erythromycin), vitamins (Vit B12 and Vit B2) and steroid
biotransformation.

UNIT – IV :
PRODUCTION OF ENZYMES AND OTHER BIOPRODUCTS
Production of industrial enzymes (proteases & amylases), Production of biopesticide,
Biofertilizers, biopreservative (Nisin), biopolymers (xanthan gum & PHB), cheese,
SCP.

UNIT – V :
PRODUCTION OF MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS
Production of recombinant proteins having therapeutic and diagnostic applications
(insulin, human growth hormone), Production of recombinant vaccines (Hepatitis B
vaccine, cholera vaccine), production of monoclonal antibodies.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Lee, S.Y., Nielsen, J. and Stephanopoulos, G., “Industrial Biotechnology: Products
and Processes”, John Wiley & Sons, 2016.
2. Waites, M.J., Morgan,N.L., Rockey,J.S., Higton, G., “Industrial Microbiology: An
Introduction” Blackwell, 2001.
3. Cruger, W., Cruger, A., “A Textbook of Industrial Microbiology”, Panima
Publishing Corporation, 2nd Edition, 2005.
SEMESTER -3
UNIT - I
DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING

UNIT - I

SCREENING AND DESIGN PURIFICATION STRATEGIES

Overview of down - stream processing ; Establishment of deign space for bio-


pharmaceutical process, High - through out process development , Media selection in
ion - exchange chromatography in single micro-plate , high - throughput screening of
dye - ligand for chromatography.

UNIT -II

LOW -RESOLUTION PROTEIN PURIFICATION METHODS

Aqueous two phase partitioning system , A platform for isolation of process related
impurities from therapeutics proteins , Simultaneous purification refolding of protein
by affinity precipitation and macro (Affinity ligand )- facilitate three- phase
partitioning bacterial cytoplasm and periplasm , immunoglobulin purification by
caprylic acid ; Filtration , Chromatography (comparison),rationale of choosing
between quality and cost of different products .

UNIT -III

PROTEIN PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION

Introduction , initial recovery of proteins , removal of whole cells and cell debris ,
concentrations and primary purification , protein inactivation and stabilization ,
protein characterization .

UNIT - IV

LARGE SCALE PROTEIN PURIFICATION

Some general principle , range and medical significance of impurities potentially


present in proteins based therapeutic products , labeling and packing of finished
products .

UNIT- V

ANIMAL BASED PRODUCTS

General DSP, Case studies of : monoclonal antibodies ; Tissue Plasminogen activator,


insulin, erythropoietin.
UNIT- VI

PLANT BASED PRODUCTS

General DSP, Case studies of : shikonin , Protein extract from Seed material and
green tissues.

UNIT- VII

MICROBIAL BASED PRODUCTS

General DSP, Case studies of : lipase , cellulose, amylase, horse radish per oxidase ,
subtilisin, ethanol, citric acid , xanthan gum.

RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOKS AND REFERENCES :


1. Nikolaos . E . Labrous (2014), Protein Downstream Processing : Design
Development and application of high and low Resolution Methods in Molecular
Biology , Spinger protocols, Human Press.
2. Gary Walsh , (2002), Proteins : Biochemistry and Biotechnology , 2 nd Editions ,
Wiley Blackwell.

UNIT - II
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
Unit - I
Principles and application of Spectrophotometry (UV-Visible spectrophotometry),
Titrimetry, Gravimetry, Colourimetry, NMR, ESR, Microscopy-phase, light and
flourscence microscopes, Scanning and Transmission electron microscopes.

Unit - II
Chromatographic techniques (Paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography, ion
exchange chromatography, Column chromatography), Atomic absorption
spectrophotometry, cytophotometry and flow cytometry, Fixation and staining,
Principles and techniques of nucleic acid hybridization and Cot curves, Principle of
biophysical method used for analysis of biopolymer structure, Hydrodynamics
methods, Plasma emission spectorocopy.
Unit - III
Electrophoresis, solid and liquid scintillation, X-ray florescence, X-ray diffraction.
Flame photomtery, Gas-liquid chromatography, High pressure liquid chromatography
- auto radiography, Ultracentrifugation.

Unit- IV
Methods for measuring nucleic acid and protein interactions, DNA finger printing
Molecular markers RFLP, AFLP, RAPD, Sequencing of proteins and nucleic acids,
southern, northern, western blotting techniques, PCR polymerase chain reaction.
References :
1. Principles of Biophysical chemistry - Uppadahay -Uppadahay - and Nath.
2. Analytical Techniques - S.K. Sahani

UNIT - IIII
BIOCHEMISTRY

Unit - I
Organisation of Biomolecules, Buffers, Principle and biological application of
diffusion osmosis, viscosity and Donnan membrane equilibrium. Carbohydrates :
structure and classification of carbohydrates, metabolism of carbohydrates : glycoysis,
TCA ycle HMP pathways.

Unit - 2
Lipids : Classification, structure and nomenclature of lipids, Biological significance of
lipids, physico- chemical properties of fattyacids and triacyl glycerol.

Unit - 3
Aminoacids : classification, structure and nomenclature of aminoacids, physico-
chemical properties of aminoacids. proteins: confirmation of proteins and
polypeptides secondary, tertiary and quartenary and domain structure of proteins,
denaturation of proteins and Ramchandran plots.
Unit- 4
IUB Classification and nomenclature of enzymes, general properties of enzymes,
enzyme kineticsMichaelis Menten equations, Coenzymes - structure and biological
fucntion of coenzymes A, TPP, FMN, FAD, NAD and lipoic acid, structure of purine
and pyrimidine bases, nucleosides and nucleotides. Primary structure of nucleic acid,
Three dimensional structure of t- RNA.
References :
1. Principles of Biochemistry Lehninger.
SEMESTER - 4
BIOINFORMATICS

UNIT - I
BIOLOGICAL DATABASE

Introduction , primary &secondary database , Sequence file formats, Introduction to


structure , Proteins Data Bank (PDb), Molecular Modelling Database (MMDb ),
structure file formats, Visualizing structural information , Database of structure
viewers , collection of sequence , sequence annotation , sequence description .

UNIT -II
SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT AND DATABASE SEARCHING :

Evolutionary basis of sequence alignment , Optimal alignment methods,


Substitution scores & gap penalties , statistical significant of alignments , Database
similarly searching ., FASTA, BLAST, Low complexity regions , Repetitive elements
, Multiple Sequence Alignments : Progressive alignments methods, Motifs and
patterns , Clustral, Muscle, Scoring matrices , Distance matrices .

UNIT -III

PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS :

Alignments , tree building and tree evaluation , Comparison and application of


Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGAMA), Neighbouring
Joining (NJ), Maximum Parsimony (MP) , Maximum Like hood (ML ) methods ,
Bootstrapping , Jacknife , software for Phylogenetic analysis . DNA bar coding :
Methods tools and database for bar coding across all species , Applications and
limitations of bar coding , Consortium for Bar coding of Life (CBOL )
recommendation , Bar coding of Life Database (BOLD)
UNIT -IV
STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY

3-D structure visualization and simulation , Basic concepts in molecular modeling


different types of computer representation of molecules ; External coordinated and
Internal Coordinates, Molecular Mechanisms, Force field etc. Secondary structure
elucidation using Peptide bond, phi, psi and chi torsion angles , Ramachandran map,
anatomy of proteins - Hierarchical organization of protein structure - like CATH
(Class, architecture , topology , homology ), SXOP (structural classification of
proteins ), FSSP (families of structurally similar proteins )

UNIT - V
CLASSIFICATIONH AND COMPARE OF 3 D STRUCTURE

DNA & RNA secondary and tertiary structure , t- RNA tertiary structure ; protein
secondary structure prediction : Algorithms viz Chou Fasman , GOR method Tertiary
structure prediction : Fundamentals of the ,methods for 3 D structure prediction
(sequence similarity/ identity of proteins of known structure , fundamentals of the
method for 3D structure prediction (sequence similarity / identity of target proteins of
known structure , fundamental principle of protein folding etc ) Homology/
comparative modeling , fold recognition , threading approaches and lab initio
structure prediction methods; CASP (Critical Assesment of protein Structure
Prediction ); Computational design of promoters , proteins enzymes .

UNIT - VI
APPLICATION IN DRUG DESIGN :

Chemical database like NCI/PUBCHEM ; Fundamentals of Receptors - ligands


interactions; Structure based drug design : Identification and Analysis of Binding sites
and viral screening ; ligand based drug design : Structure Activity Relationship -
QSARs & Pharmacophore ; In silco prediction of drug activity and ADMET .
UNIT - VII
ANALYSIS OF MICROASSAY DATA :

Designing of oligo probes ; Image processing and normalization ; Micro-array data


variability (measurements ad quantification ); Analysis of differentially expressed
genes , Experimental designs

UNIT VIII
BIOLOGICAL ALGORITHMS :

Comparison with computer algorithms, string structures , Introduction to


programming in computational biology through C / Perl / Java .

UNIT IX
SYSTEM BIOLOGY :

System - level understanding of biological system , use and integration of data


from transcriptomics , proteomics and metabolomics ; concepts in glycomices ,
interactomics and fluxomics .

RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOK AND REFERENCES :

1. A.D.Baxevanis and B.F.F .Outlette (Eds ). (2002), Bio-informatics : a Practical


Guide to the Analysis of Gene and Proteins , John Wiley and Sons .
2. D.W. Mount (2001), Bio-informatics : Sequence and Genome Analysis , Cold
Spring Harbour Laboratory Press.
3. Jones &Peuzer , (2004) ; Introduction to Bio-informtics Algorithms , Anc Books,
India.
4. Dov Stekel , (2003); Microarray Bio-informatics ; Cambridge University Press.
5. Web - resource and suggested reviews/ research papers.
UNIT - II

CELL BIOLOGY

Unit I
An overview of cell and cell organelles:
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, cell size and shape, molecules of cell, cell
membranes and cell proteins., transport across nuclear envelope, The endoplasmic
reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, mitochondria, chloroplast, peroxisomes.
Nuclear Envelope- structure of nuclear pore complex, nuclear lamina Chromatin:
molecular organization, nucleolus and rRNA processing.

UNI T- II
Cytoskeleton and cell movement:
Structure and organization of actin filaments; actin, myosin and cell movement;
intermediate filaments; microtubules. Mechanism of vesicular transport. Endocytosis.
Bacterial and Eukaryotic Cell Wall; The plasma membrane structure; Transport of
small molecules,the extracellular matrix and cell matrix interactions; cell-cell
interactions

UNIT - III
Microscopic
-Principles of Light microscopy; Phase contrast microscopy; Confocal microscopy;
Electron microscopy (EM)- scanning EM and scanning transmission EM (STEM);
Fluorescence microscopy. Analytical- Flow cytometry- flurochromes, fluorescent
probe and working principle; Spectrophotometry; Mass spectrometry; X-ray
diffraction analysis.Separation-Sub-cellular fractionation- differential and density
gradient centrifugation; Chromatography- paper, thin-layer, gel-filtration, ion-
exchange,affinity and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

UNIT - IV
Cell signaling, cell Cycle, cell death and renewal:
Signaling molecules and their receptor; functions of cell surface receptors;Cancer
and mutation: Development and Causes of Cancer, Tumor Viruses, Oncogenes,
Tumor Suppressor genes, Mutation, types of mutation Intracellular signal transduction
pathway; signaling networks. Eukaryotic Cell Cycle, Regulation of Cell cycle
progression, Events of Mitotic Phase, Meiosis and Fertilization. Programmed Cell
Death, Stem Cells and Maintenance of adult tissues, Embryonic Stem Cells and
Therapeutic cloning Cancer Treatment- molecular approach.

Suggested readings:

1) Karp, G. (2010). Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments. VI


Edition. John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
2) De Robertis, E.D.P. and De Robertis, E.M.F. (2006). Cell and Molecular
Biology.
3) VIII Edition. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia.
4) Cooper, G.M. and Hausman, R.E. (2009). The Cell: A Molecular Approach. V
5) Edition. ASM Press & Sunderland, Washington, D.C.; Sinauer Associates, MA.
6) Becker, W.M., Kleinsmith, L.J., Hardin. J. and Bertoni, G. P. (2009). The World
of the Cell. VII Edition. Pearson Benjamin Cummings Publishing, San Francisco.
UNIT - III
STATISTICS

UNIT - I
INTRODUCTION

Types of biological data (ordinal scale , nominal scale, continuous and discrete data),
frequency distribution and graphical representation (bar graph, histogram , box plot
and frequency polygon ), cumulative frequency distribution , populations, samples,
simple random , stratified and systematic sampling .

UNIT - II
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

Measures of location , properties of Arthmetic Mean , medium , mode , range ,


Properties of Variance and Standard Deviation , Coefficient of Variation , Grouped
Data, Graphic Methods , Obtaining Descriptive Statistics on Computer , case study.

UNIT - III
PROBABILITY AND DISTRIBUTION :

Introduction to probability and laws of probability , random events , events -


exhaustive , mutually exclusive and equally likely (with simple exercise ), definition
and properties of binomial distribution , Poisson distribution and normal distribution .

UNIT - IV

CORRELATION AND REGRESSION ANALYSIS :

Correlation , covariance, calculation of covariance and correlation , correlation


coefficient from un grouped data person’s Rank Correlation Coefficient , scatter and
dot diagram , general concepts of regression, Fitting Regression lines , regression
coefficient, properties of Regression coefficients , standard error of estimates.
UNIT - V
STATISTICAL HYPOTHESIS TESTING :

Making assumption , Null and alternative hypothesis , error hypothesis testing ,


confidence interval , one - tailed and two -tailed testing decision making .

UNIT - VI
TESTS OF SIGNIFICANCE

Steps n testing statistical significance , selection and computation of test of


significance and interpretation of results, sampling, distribution of mean and standard
error, large sample tests (test for an assumed mean and equality of two population
means with known S.D.), z- test; small sample test (t-Test for an assumed mean and
equality of means of two population when sample observation are independent );
Parametric and Non parametric test (Mann - Whitney test ); paired and unpaired t- test
;chi square test.

UNIT - VII
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS

Introduction to study design; Longitudinal , cross- sectional , retrospective and


prospective study , Principle of experimental design , Randomized block , and sample
factorial design , Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and its analysis of RBD ,
introduction to meta - analysis and systematic review , ethics in statistics.

RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOKS AND REFERENCE :

1. Jaype Brothers, (2011), Methods in bio-statistics for medical students and Research
workers (English ) , 7th Edition
2. Norman T.J. Bailey , (1995), statistical Methods in biology , 3rd Edition ,
Cambridge University press.
3. P.N. Arora and P.K. Malhan , (2006), Bio-statics , 2nd Edition , Himalaya
publishing House
4. Jerold Zar , Bio statistical Analysis , 4th Edition , Pearson Education .
5. Bio-statistics : A Foundation for analysis in the Health Science , 7 th Edition ,
Wiley.
6. ML Samuels , JA Witmer (2003) Statistics for the life science , 3rd edition . prentice
Hall.
SEMESTER - 5
UNIT - I
INDUSTRIAL VISIT
UNIT - II
FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY

REACTION ENGINERRING :

Homologous reaction Basic reaction theory, calculation of reaction rates , general


reaction kinetics for biological system , yields in cell culture , cell growth kinetics ,
production kinetics , kinetics of cell death ; Continuous stirred tank reactor as a tool
for calculating kinetics parameters for growth and production formation ; Concept of
maintenance and calculation of maintenance coefficient.

UNIT - III

PROCESS INITIALIZATION :

Types of sterilization , thermal death kinetics of microorganisms; Heat sterilization


of liquid medium in batch and continuous mode ; Air sterilization ; Inoculum
development ; Various types of fermentation , submerged and solid state fermentation
, aerobic and anaerobic fermentation ; Overview of bio synthetic mechanism ;
Metabolic stoichiometry.

UNIT - IV

REACTOR ENGINEERING

Bioreactor configurations practical consideration for bioreactor construction,


monitoring and control of bioreactors, ideal reactor operations, batch operation of a
mixed reactor .

UNIT - V

BIOPROCESS SCALE UP

Heat and mass transfer issues in bioreactors, Estimation of KLa , Scale up with
constant parameter like oxygen transfer rate , mixing, shear stress,f low regime,
Reactor volume , etc. Scale up method by currently used rules -of - thumb viz.
Constant P/V, kLa, Various approaches to scale up including regime analysis and
scale down ; Analysis of alternate bioreactor configuration including cell -cycle , air
lift and immobilized - cell bioreactors, Problems on scale - up method .
UNIT - VI
COMMERCIAL PRODUCT PROCESSING

Bulk organs (ethanol ), Biomass (Bakers yeast ), Organic acids (Citric acid ),
Amino acids (L- Lysine ), Microbial Transformation (steroids), Antibiotics (Penicillin
), Extra Cellular Polysaccharides (Xantham Gum ) , Nucleotide (5- GMP ), vitamins
(B12) ,Pigments (Shikonim )

UNIT - VI I
PROCESS TECHNOLOGY

Production of cell biomass and some primary metabolites , e. g. ethanol , acetone -


butanol, citric acid , dextran and amino acids ; Microbial production of industrial
enzymes - glucose isomerase , cellulase & lipases.

UNIT - VIII
BIOCONVERSIONS

Applications of bio-conversions , transformation of steroids ; Transformation of


non - steroidal compounds, antibiotics and pesticides ; Bio-energy fuel from biomass,
production and economic of bio-fuel

UNIT - IX

BIOSAFETY AND BIOSECURITY

Biological Risk Assessment , Laboratory Bio-safety Level 1 to 4 , Animal Bio-


safety for Recombinant research , Bio-security , development of bio-security
program , Containment for bio-hazards.

RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOKS AND REFERENCES:

1. M.L.Schuler, F. Kargi & M. DeLisa , (2017), Bio-process Engineering - Basic


Concepts , 3rd Ed., Prentice Hall.
2. Pauline M. Doran, (2012), Bio-process Engineering Principles, 2 ndEdition
Academic Pres.
3. C.Ratledge &B. Kristiansen, (2008). Basic Biotechnology, 3rd Ed., Cambridge
University Press.
4. Peter F. Stanbury, Stephen J. Hall & A. Whitaker, (2007), Principles of
fermentation Technology , Elsevier India Pvt Ltd.
UNIT - III
BIOETHICS
UNIT - I
PHILOSOPHY AND THEORIES OF BIOETHICS
Consequentialism : Mils Utilitarianism ; Deontology : Kantian Ethics ; Virtue Ethics :
Aristotle ‘s moral theory ; Social contract theories : John Rawls theory ;Moral
relativism ;Principlism
UNIT - II
HISTORY, RELIGION AND BIOETHICS
Ancient civilization and the develoment of ethics - Indian , Chinese, Greek ; The
development of ethics after the World Wars; Modern research ethics , codes
guidliness, regulations; Development of clinical ethics
Role of religion in ethics
a. Islam , Hinduism, Christianity, Jewish
Culture and bioethics
a. Indian culture and its influence . African ethics , Western civilizations

UNIT - III
EPIDERMIOLOGY AND BIOSTATISTICS
Design and carry out an epidemiological studies ; Reliability and validity of
instruments (tests) from data provided ; Relevant measures of association and
potential impact ; Evaluate critically journal articles (adequacy of the design ,
potential source of statistical and non- statistical errors and validity of conclusions)
UNIT - IV
LAWS AND GLOBAL HEALTH ETHICS , PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY
Indian law and its implication on clinical medicine and Research ; Display in health ,
health care and access to health ; Disparity in resource allocation for health , Macro,
meso and micro levels ; Research in developing countries ; Public health policy and
resource allocation ; Ethical Analysis of policies
UNIT - V
RESEARCH ETHICS
IRB and its function ; Ethical issues in clinical research ;Vulnerable population
Risk and benefits ; Authorship ; Human protectionism ; Contemporary issue in
research ethics
UNIT - VI
Functions of clinical ethics committee; Ethical issues at the end of life ; Ethical issues
at the beginning of life ; Reproductive medicine and ethics ; Contemporary issue in
bioethics; Resource allocation; Euthanasia; Professionalism

SEMESTER 6
PROJECT

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