Aviation Storage Tanks

AVIATION STORAGE TANKS
Storage of Aviation products is an important aspect of the industry and

thereby involves a lot of guidelines, checks and standards which are to
fulfilled and taken care of for the storage tanks . Thereby the following
write up would consists of the various guidelines , types and criteria for
the aviation storage tanks .
GUIDELINES
Tanks storing aviation products and Tanks converted from non-Aviation
to Aviation
service at Terminals I Installation I Depots shall have at least bottom and
first strake
of the tank internally epicoated. However, full epicoating is considered
as best
practice. For grade change over, internal condition of tanks shall be
assessed before
conversion from non-Aviation to Aviation service.
Vertical tanks with floating roofs are considered most suitable for storage
of aviation
gasoline.
For Jet A-1/JP-5 cone roof tanks or fixed roof vertical tanks with an
internal floating
roof / cover equipped with free vents and 60 mesh screens shall be
satisfactory.
All new aviation storage tanks shall have a low point sump with a water
draw off line
for removal of water and sediment. The draw off line shall be of non-
rusting material,
to avoid galvanic action created by dissimilar metals (for example
between stainless
steel and mild steel). Tanks, which are already in aviation use, shall be
provided with
a water draw off line as close as possible to the lowest point of the tank
to facilitate
removal of water.
Aviation Product. storage tanks at Aviation Fuel Stations
All Jet A-1/JP-5 /Avgas 100 LL tanks at Aviation Fuel Stations shall be
internally
epicoated. Tanks made of Stainless Steel need not be epicoated.
All Jet A-1/JP-5 tanks for delivery at Aviation Fuel Stations shall be
equipped with
floating suctions. Aviation gasoline tanks need not have floating suction.
No internal bracing shall be permitted in horizontal aviation tanks.
Internal bracing
and resulting crevices between them and tank shells cannot be properly
epicoated.
This may lead to corrosion and hence contamination. Tanks may,
therefore, be
provided with external bracing.
All welding within the tanks shall be continuous. No spot welds shall be
permitted. Weld
heads at the bottom of the tanks shall be grounded off flush with the
surface of the tank.
All aviation tanks at the airport shall be provided with two manholes
suitably to facilitate
gas freeing, internal inspection and cleaning of tanks.
All horizontal aviation tanks shall be provided with minimum 1:60 slope.
A sump shall
be provided at the lowest point in the tank with adequate means to
withdraw
accumulated water.
For all new horizontal tanks, the inlet connection shall be away from the
sump so that
the incoming fuel does not disturb the water accumulated in or around
the sump.
All aviation gasoline tanks shall be provided with P&V vents. In dry areas
or areas
with frequent dust storms, a strainer shall be installed at the inlet points
of P&V vents,
in order to prevent entrance of dirt into the storage tanks. A stainless
steel mesh of
60 mesh rating shall, however be provided with free vents for Jet A-1/JP-
5 tanks.
CATEGORIES:
 Above Ground Tanks
Above ground tanks are mounted horizontally above ground and are
approachable externally
 Under Ground Tanks
Underground tanks are placed in earth, masonry or concrete pit and
packed around with sand, earth or clay leaving no air space between the
tank and the pit.
 Semi Buried Tanks
Semi Buried tanks are placed partially in earth and about 2/3rd of the
tank is present above the ground
 Bunded Tanks
These are Containerised units that are placed in small locations mostly
with 30kl storage these can be shifted and contain the filter , pipelines ,
tank and motor assembly .
INSPECTION :
Internal Inspection And Maintenance
When tanks are open for cleaning, a full internal inspection should be conducted to
assess the condition of the tank shell, bottom plates and internal/external fittings with
specific reference to guidelines, vide OISD standard 129.. The results of
checks/observation with reference to OISD standard 129 must be recorded
separately. Depending on the results of the inspection, repairs and maintenance
should be carried out accordingly.
Special attention should be paid to following:
There is a tendency with large vertical or horizontal tanks for solids and/or water to
accumulate on the tank bottom in places remote from the drain connection. This can
cause localised damage through corrosion. Particular attention should be paid to
these
areas when inspecting tank bottoms. In areas of heavy corrosion it may be
necessary to establish the condition of the tank plates by having thickness
measurements taken.
Horizontal tanks are less of a problem in this respect, particularly where the fill pipe
is at opposite end to the sump or thief pipe rather than at the same end. This is
because the flow of the product when the tank is filled tends to carry any water or
solids with it to the far end from where it is easily drained. However full internal
inspection during cleaning operations remains necessary.
Where tanks are lined, the inspection should include a thorough examination of the
lining for evidence of cracking or flaking.
During tank cleaning, the condition and effective operation of floating suctions should
be established. Check condition of bearing / “O” rings & replace if required. Lubricate
the swivel assembly.
All internal fittings should be inspected for evidence of critical corrosion or damage.
External Inspection and Maintenance of Tanks

Check that the floating suction is moving freely and that the cable is securely
attached to the tank shell
Visually inspect all tank vents, which shall have mesh size of 60 per linear inch
and breather valves and clean and/or replace gauze routinely.
Ensure that manhole inspection pits on buried/semi-buried horizontal tanks

wherever installed are clean and free from water.
Repaint when necessary.
To avoid corrosion, the external surface of the bottom shell course of all above
ground tanks should be painted upto 300 mm, from bottom plate after surface
preparation with 2 costs of epoxy zinc phosphate primer (Epilux 610 of Berger Paints
or equivalent) and 2 coats of coal tar epoxy (Epilux 5 of Berger Paints or equivalent).
STORAGE TANKS – INSPECTION OF SHELL PLATES
Methodology: Thickness Measurement of Tank Plates

Tank‟s plates thickness should be carried out using ultrasonic thickness meter. The
following minimum requirement for thickness survey is recommended.
surveyed.
bottom, middle and top position of the plate must be covered.
shall be near the lower weld joint and the other at approachable height.
which should cover bottom, middle and top portion of plate.

Calculation: Minimum Allowable Plate Thickness
Calculation of minimum thickness for tank shall plates shall be done as per IS
803:1976.
Min thickness (t) = 50 (H-0.3) DG
SE
H = Height from bottom of the course under consideration to the curb angle
S = Allowable stress (1680 kg/cm2)
D = Diameter of tank
G = Sp. Gravity of product normally taken for water i.e. 1
E = Welding efficiency (1 if 100% Radiography)
(0.85 if 10% Radiography)
(0.7 if nothing is done)
In case of top shell plates, the thickness required by the formula may be so small
that the tank would have insufficient structural strength and hence may buckle.
Therefore, an absolute minimum thickness of 5 mm in case of Tanks diameter up to
15 m and 6mm in case of Tanks diameter more than 15 m shall be maintained.
Thereby Aviation storage tanks are should be inspected routinely .

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AVIATION STORAGE TANKS

Storage of Aviation products is an important aspect of the industry and

 Above Ground Tanks

External Inspection and Maintenance of Tanks

Ensure that manhole inspection pits on buried/semi-buried horizontal tanks

Repaint when necessary.

STORAGE TANKS – INSPECTION OF SHELL PLATES

Methodology: Thickness Measurement of Tank Plates

bottom, middle and top position of the plate must be covered.

which should cover bottom, middle and top portion of plate.

Thereby Aviation storage tanks are should be inspected routinely .

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