Csc034 Activity

CSC034
DR Zakiah Noh
Puteri Farah Hannah
P1005U02
Table of Contents
What is IoT?............................................................................................................................4
History of IoT.......................................................................................................................4
How IoT works?...................................................................................................................5
IoT Applications.......................................................................................................................7
Challenges of Internet of Things (IoT).....................................................................................9
Advantages of IoT................................................................................................................9
Disadvantages IoT.............................................................................................................10
IoT Best Practices..................................................................................................................10
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Table of Figures
Figure 1 : IOT...........................................................................................................................5
Figure 2: The Internet..............................................................................................................6
2
List Of Tables
Table 1: IOT TABLE..................................................................................................................7
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What is IoT?
Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical objects or people called "things"
that are embedded with software, electronics, network, and sensors that allows these
objects to collect and exchange data. The goal of IoT is to extend to internet
connectivity from standard devices like computer, mobile, tablet to relatively dumb
devices like a toaster. IoT makes virtually everything "smart," by improving aspects
of our life with the power of data collection, AI algorithm, and networks. The thing
in IoT can also be a person with a diabetes monitor implant, an animal with tracking
devices, etc.
Figure 1 : IOT
History of IoT
 1970- The actual idea of connected devices was proposed

 1990- John Romkey created a toaster which could be turned on/off over the
Internet
 1995- Siemens introduced the first cellular module built for M2M
 1999- The term "Internet of Things" was used by Kevin Ashton during his
work at P&G which became widely accepted
 2004 - The term was mentioned in famous publications like the Guardian,
Boston Globe, and Scientific American
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 2005-UN's International Telecommunications Union (ITU) published its first
report on this topic.
 2008- The Internet of Things was born
 2011- Gartner, the market research company, include "The Internet of
Things" technology in their research
How IoT works?
Figure 2: The Internet
The entire IoT process starts with the devices themselves like smartphones,
smartwatches, electronic appliances like TV, Washing Machine which helps you to
communicate with the IoT platform.
Four fundamental components of an IoT system:
1. Sensors/Devices: Sensors or devices are a key component that helps you to

collect live data from the surrounding environment. All this data may have
various levels of complexities. It could be a simple temperature monitoring
sensor, or it may be in the form of the video feed.
A device may have various types of sensors which performs multiple

tasks apart from sensing. Example, A mobile phone is a device which has
multiple sensors like GPS, camera but your smartphone is not able to sense
these things.
2. Connectivity: All the collected data is sent to a cloud infrastructure. The

sensors should be connected to the cloud using various mediums of
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communications. These communication mediums include mobile or satellite
networks, Bluetooth, WI-FI, WAN, etc.
3. Data Processing: Once that data is collected, and it gets to the cloud, the
software performs processing on the gathered data. This process can be just
checking the temperature, reading on devices like AC or heaters. However, it
can sometimes also be very complex like identifying objects, using computer
vision on video.
4. User Interface: The information needs to be available to the end-user in
some way which can be achieved by triggering alarms on their phones or
sending them notification through email or text message. The user sometimes
might need an interface which actively checks their IoT system. For example,
the user has a camera installed in his home. He wants to access video
recording and all the feeds with the help of a web server.
However, it's not always one-way communication. Depending on the IoT application
and complexity of the system, the user may also be able to perform an action which
may create cascading effects.
For example, if a user detects any changes in the temperature of the refrigerator, with
the help of IoT technology the user should be able to adjust the temperature with the
help of their mobile phone.
IoT Applications
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Table 1: IOT TABLE
Description
Application type
Smart Thermostats Helps you to save resource on heating bills

by knowing your usage patterns.
Connected Cars IoT helps automobile companies handle

billing, parking, insurance, and other related
stuff automatically.
Activity Trackers Helps you to capture heart rate pattern,

calorie expenditure, activity levels, and skin
temperature on your wrist.
Smart Outlets Remotely turn any device on or off. It also

allows you to track a device's energy level
and get custom notifications directly into
your smartphone.
Parking Sensors IoT technology helps users to identify the

real-time availability of parking spaces on
their phone.
Connect Health The concept of a connected health care

system facilitates real-time health
monitoring and patient care. It helps in
improved medical decision-making based on
patient data.
Smart City Smart city offers all types of use cases which
include traffic management to water
distribution, waste management, etc.
Smart home Smart home encapsulates the connectivity

inside your homes. It includes smoke
detectors, home appliances, light bulbs,
windows, door locks, etc.
Smart supply chain Helps you in real time tracking of goods

while they are on the road, or getting
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suppliers to exchange inventory information.
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IoT solutions are widely used in numerous companies across industries. Some most
common IoT applications are given below:
Challenges of Internet of Things (IoT)

At present IoT is faced with many challenges, such as:
 Insufficient testing and updating

 Concern regarding data security and privacy
 Software complexity
 Data volumes and interpretation
 Integration with AI and automation
 Devices require a constant power supply which is difficult
 Interaction and short-range communication
Advantages of IoT
Key benefits of IoT technology are as follows:
i. Technical Optimization: IoT technology helps a lot in improving

technologies and making them better. Example, with IoT, a manufacturer is
able to collect data from various car sensors. The manufacturer analyzes them
to improve its design and make them more efficient.
ii. Improved Data Collection: Traditional data collection has its limitations and
its design for passive use. IoT facilitates immediate action on data.
iii. Reduced Waste: IoT offers real-time information leading to effective
decision making & management of resources. For example, if a manufacturer
finds an issue in multiple car engines, he can track the manufacturing plan of
those engines and solves this issue with the manufacturing belt.
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iv. Improved Customer Engagement: IoT allows you to improve customer
experience by detecting problems and improving the process.
Disadvantages IoT
i. Security: IoT technology creates an ecosystem of connected devices.

However, during this process, the system may offer little authentication
control despite sufficient security measures.
ii. Privacy: The use of IoT, exposes a substantial amount of personal data, in
extreme detail, without the user's active participation. This creates lots of
privacy issues.
iii. Flexibility: There is a huge concern regarding the flexibility of an IoT
system. It is mainly regarding integrating with another system as there are
many diverse systems involved in the process.
iv. Complexity: The design of the IoT system is also quite complicated.
Moreover, it's deployment and maintenance also not very easy.
v. Compliance: IoT has its own set of rules and regulations. However, because
of its complexity, the task of compliance is quite challenging.
IoT Best Practices

 Design products for reliability and security
 Use strong authentication and security protocols
 Disable non-essential services
 Ensure Internet-managed, and IoT management hubs & services are secured
 Energy efficient algorithms should be designed for the system to be active
longer.
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Puteri Farah Hannah

 1970- The actual idea of connected devices was proposed

How IoT works?

Figure 2: The Internet

Four fundamental components of an IoT system:

1. Sensors/Devices: Sensors or devices are a key component that helps you to

A device may have various types of sensors which performs multiple

2. Connectivity: All the collected data is sent to a cloud infrastructure. The

Smart Thermostats Helps you to save resource on heating bills

Connected Cars IoT helps automobile companies handle

Activity Trackers Helps you to capture heart rate pattern,

Smart Outlets Remotely turn any device on or off. It also

Parking Sensors IoT technology helps users to identify the

Connect Health The concept of a connected health care

Smart home Smart home encapsulates the connectivity

Smart supply chain Helps you in real time tracking of goods

Challenges of Internet of Things (IoT)

 Insufficient testing and updating

Key benefits of IoT technology are as follows:

i. Technical Optimization: IoT technology helps a lot in improving

i. Security: IoT technology creates an ecosystem of connected devices.

IoT Best Practices

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