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Formwork

Formwork refers to temporary structures used to support concrete until it hardens. Formwork is designed to safely support concrete and reinforcement loads and provide the desired surface finish. Common types are timber and steel formwork, with timber being lower cost but shorter-lived, and steel providing strength, durability and smooth surfaces. Formwork must be properly installed and removed according to structure type to avoid defects in hardened concrete.

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132 views31 pages

Formwork

Formwork refers to temporary structures used to support concrete until it hardens. Formwork is designed to safely support concrete and reinforcement loads and provide the desired surface finish. Common types are timber and steel formwork, with timber being lower cost but shorter-lived, and steel providing strength, durability and smooth surfaces. Formwork must be properly installed and removed according to structure type to avoid defects in hardened concrete.

Uploaded by

Manjunath Sunkad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Formwork

Formwork refers to the temporary structure used to support concrete until it hardens
and becomes self-supporting.

The operation of removing the formwork is known as stripping. Stripped formwork can
be reused. Reusable forms are known as panel forms and non-usable forms are called
stationary forms.

Fig: Panel forms

Formwork Design and Layout


The design and construction of formwork must consider both safety and the required
surface finish. The formwork must be rigid and tight enough to prevent cement slurry
loss from fresh concrete or the formation of fins and honeycombing on the surface.
Formwork and its supports keep their correct shapes and profiles so that the final
concrete structure stays within the specified dimensional tolerances. They must be built
to withstand the combination of self-weight, reinforcement weight, wet concrete weight,
concrete pressure, construction and weather loads, as well as all incidental dynamic
effects caused by placing, vibrating, and compacting the concrete. The reinforcement
steel shall never be tied to or supported by the formwork.
It provides good structural safety by offering solutions against all overlay loads,
producing exceptionally safe and practical structures.
Formwork is mainly associated with concrete. It helps in producing a smooth finished
surface of the concrete.

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Fig. Components of Formwork

Ties: A tie is a tensile unit used to connect opposite sides of formwork. It serves as a
balanced connection or is used to resist the effective pressure of fresh concrete.
Braces: Braces are used to keep the formwork upright by deterring form deflection
under lateral pressure.
Studs: Studs in the formwork are used to support sheathing panels and make a
framework to keep them in position.
Sheathing: Sheathing panel is used to keep the concrete in its required shape and
position until it sets and hardens.
Wales: Wales are horizontal propping members that are placed against sheathing to
directly resist sheathing pressure.
Battens: Battens are vertical members in the formwork which keep cleats and wales
uptight and in position.
Footing: Footing is the bottommost member which supports the entire formwork.

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Requirements of a Good Formwork
It must be fixed in line and levels as per the drawing.
Try to keep it lightweight as possible to prevent the extra load on supports. Especially in
horizontal shuttering.
Form-work material should not be damaged or rusted, which affects the quality of
concrete finishing.
The form-work material can be used more than one time.

Timber Formwork
Timber formwork is the most common type of formwork among all others. Timber
forms are extensively used in construction since the ancient period. Timber formwork is
the oldest type of form used in construction.
Timber formwork is one most used in construction among all other types of formwork.
It offers onsite fabrication of the required shape and size. It is easily used in any
construction but it may prove time–consuming for large projects. Plywood formwork
material has a short lifespan. Timber Shuttering is low-cost and easily workable
shuttering. It can be cut and joined in any shape and size.

Fig. Timber Formwork

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Requirement of Timber Formwork
Light in weight
Properly seasoned
Free from any termite attacks
Easily workable

Advantages of Timber Formwork


Timber Shuttering is easy to form any shape, size, and height.
It is proven economical for small projects.
It can be made using locally available timber.
Timber is light–weighted compared to steel or aluminium shuttering.

Steel Formwork
it is the type of formwork has become more popular due to its strength, durability, and
repetitive reuse for a long period. Steel shuttering offers a smooth surface finish to
concrete compared to timber formwork. It can be used for circular structures such as
tanks, columns and retaining walls.

Fig. Steel Formwork

Advantages of Steel Formwork


Strong, durable and longer life
It offers a smooth finish to the surface of the member.
It is completely waterproof or moisture–proof and minimises the honeycombing effect.
Steel formwork can be fixed and removed with greater ease.

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Removal Of Formwork
The minimum period before the removal of formwork for various types of structures is
tabulated below:

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