A TECHNICAL REPORT ON

STUDENTS INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME

(SIWES)

UNDERTAKEN AT

BASIC HEALTH CENTER IGISOGBA

BY

ADEGITE MOYINOLUWA FUNMILAYO

FPA/ST/20/2-0237

DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE LABOURATORY TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND COMPUTER STUDIES

THE FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC ADO EKITI, EKITI STATE.

IN PARTIAL FULILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT

FOR THE AWARD OF THE NATIONAL DIPLOMA (ND)

IN AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY.

FROM:

MONDAY TH JANUARY 2020 TO FRIDAY ND APRIL 2020

CERTIFICATION

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 This is to certify that ADEGITE MOYINOLUWA FUNMILAYO of Matric number

FPA/ST/20/2-0237 completed this report based on his sixteenth weeks Student Industrial

Working Experience Scheme (SIWES) carried out at BASIC HEALTH CENTER,

IGISOGBA.

………………………………. …….……………..…

Academic Supervisor Signature and Date

…………………………………. …….……………..…

Head of Department Signature and Date

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

My appreciation goes to the Industrial Training Fund for their foresight in putting this

program in place and also to the Science Technology Department, The Federal Polytechnic

Ado Ekiti, for providing a platform on which I was engaged on the training.

I am grateful to Basic Health Centre, igisogba for providing me with such an

opportunity to be exposed in the field of programming platform.

I am deeply indebted to God Almighty, the giver of all wisdom, knowledge and

understanding without whom I would have achieved nothing at all.

ABSTRACT
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 The Industrial Report presents the experience garnered during my Student Industrial

Working Experience undertaken at Basic Health Centre, Igisogba.

My training was on Daily routine management on vaccine, text and how to give

treatment, Occasional routine management in text and treatment.

I acquired practical knowledge on how to do text for patient, how to use vaccine.

This report discusses the technical skills gained during the training period and

justifying the relevance of the scheme in equipping students with needed technical

competence to thrive in the real world.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title Page i
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Certification ii

Acknowledgement iii

Abstract iv

Table of Content v

Chapter One:

Introduction to the Training Program

1.1 Background of the Training 7

1.2 Objective of the Training 7

1.3 Organization profile 8

Chapter Two:

2.1 Medical Laboratory 9

2.2 type of medical laboratory 10

2.3 Medical Test 10

2.4 Types of medical Test 11

2.5 General precautions for avoidance of laboratory accidents 13

Chapter Three:

3.0 Terminology used in laboratory 15

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Chapter Four:

General Experience Acquired

4.1 Problems Encountered during SIWES 17

4.2 Overall Evaluation 17

Summary 18

Recommendations 19

Conclusion 20

CHAPTER ONE

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1.1 BACKGROUND

The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is appreciable skills program

designed to equip students to the real life working experience. This scheme is a program

involving universities, polytechnics and technical colleges and students of various institutions

in the country. The student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is funded jointly by

Industrial Training Fund (ITF). The Training lasts for four months. The theory and practical

aspect is being joined together in the program in order to find out how things are being done.

In theory, we are to read novels, books, but in practical we have to know how to do things by

ourselves practically. That is why home economics department has seen it as a step forward

of progress by sending their student to embark on it.

1.2 PURPOSE OF TRAINING

The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) was initiated in 1973 by the

Industrial Training Funds (ITF). This was to update practical knowledge of students in the

Universities, Polytechnics and Colleges of Technology. It was aimed at bridging the gap

between the theoretical knowledge acquired in classes and technical knowledge in the

industries by providing students with the opportunities to apply for their educational

knowledge in real work situations.

Over the years, SIWES has contributed immensely to building the common pool of technical

and allied skills available to the Nigerian economy which are needed for the nation’s

industrial development.

It also gives students the opportunity to blend theoretical knowledge acquired in the

classroom with practical hands-on application of knowledge required to perform work in the

industry. Also, it prepares students for employment and makes the transition from school to

the world of work easier after graduation.

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I undertook my SIWES training at Basic Health Centre which is located at Ondo State.

1.3 ORGANIZATION PROFILE CHAT OF THE COMPANY

DIRECTOR

MANAGER

STAFF

CROP N. POWER STAFF

I.T STUDENT

SIWES STUDENTS

STAFF ATTENDANTS

SECURITY

CHAPTER TWO

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2.1 MEDICAL LABORATORY
A medical laboratory is a laboratory where tests are carried out on clinical specimens
to obtain information about the health of a patient to aid in diagnosis, treatment, and
prevention of disease. Clinical Medical laboratories are an example of applied science, as
opposed to research laboratories that focus on basic science, such as found in
some academic institutions.

Medical laboratories vary in size and complexity and so offer a variety of testing services.
More comprehensive services can be found in acute-care hospitals and medical centers,
where 70% of clinical decisions are based on laboratory testing. Doctors’ offices and clinics,
as well as skilled nursing and long-term care facilities, may have laboratories that provide
more basic testing services. Commercial medical laboratories operate as independent
businesses and provide testing that is otherwise not provided in other settings due to low test
volume or complexity.

2.2 TYPES OF LABORATORY

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In hospitals and other patient-care settings, laboratory medicine is provided by the
Department of Pathology and Medical Laboratory, and generally divided into two sections,
each of which will be subdivided into multiple specialty areas. The two sections are:

 Anatomic pathology: areas included here are histopathology, cytopathology, and electron
microscopy.
 Medical Laboratory, which typically includes the following areas:
o Clinical microbiology: This encompasses several different sciences,
including bacteriology, virology, parasitology, immunology, and mycology.
o Clinical chemistry: This area typically includes automated analysis of blood
specimens, including tests related to enzymology, toxicology and endocrinology.
o Hematology: This area includes automated and manual analysis of blood cells. It also
often includes coagulation.
o Blood bank involves the testing of blood specimens in order to provide blood
transfusion and related services.
o Molecular diagnostics DNA testing may be done here, along with a subspecialty
known as cytogenetics.
o Reproductive biology testing is available in some laboratories, including Semen
analysis, Sperm bank and assisted reproductive technology.

2.3 MEDICAL TEXT

Text is a coherent set of statements to communicative purpose through signs. The

scientific word, in turn, means what belongs or relates to science (i.e. the set of methods and
techniques for organizing information). That said, a scientific text is based on the use of
scientific language. It is a type of text that uses clear language, with a not too complex syntax
and phrases ordered, the objective being that the information is not poorly interpreted (these
texts should therefore be accurate). Write a scientific text, to avoid ambiguous terms so that
the meaning of the words is unique, with a single meaning and only one served. To do this, it
must minimize any kind of subjectivity and rely on concrete information rather than opinions.
The aim is that the scientific text is understood by any person belonging to the target group to
which it is addressed. It must aspire to universality using a specific terminology while

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allowing for precise and accurate translations in other languages where the erroneous
interpretations have no place. The scientific texts present statements that are subject to an
important check to ensure that their information is credible and real. This kind of text is
generally produced in a scientific community to communicate and demonstrate the progress
achieved in research work. Through scientific disclosure magazines, these contents reach as
many receivers although these publications as rather tend to use a language accessible to the
average reader (general public).

2.4 TYPE OF MEDICAL TEST

Clinical chemistry uses chemical processes to measure levels of chemical components in

body fluids and tissues. The most common specimens used in clinical chemistry are blood
and urine.

Many different tests exist to detect and measure almost any type of chemical component in
blood or urine. Components may include blood glucose, electrolytes, enzymes, hormones,
lipids (fats), other metabolic substances, and proteins.

The following are some of the more common laboratory tests:

 Urinalysis
Urinalysis is a laboratory examination of urine for various cells and chemicals, such as red
blood cells, white blood cells, infection, or excessive protein. Urinalysis breaks down the
components of urine to check for the presence of drugs, blood, protein, and other substances.
Blood in the urine (hematuria) may be the result of a benign (noncancerous) condition, but it
can also indicate an infection or other problem. High levels of protein in the urine
(proteinuria) may indicate a kidney or cardiovascular problem.
 Blood Tests
Blood tests are offed used to check cell counts, measure various blood chemistries and
markers of inflammation, and genetics.

 Tumor Markers

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Tumor markers are substances either released by cancer cells into the blood or urine or
substances created by the body in response to cancer cells.

Learn more about tumor marker tests.

 Pregnancy Test

A pregnancy test measures a hormone in the body called human chorionic gonadotropin
(HCG). HCG is a hormone produced during pregnancy. It appears in the blood and urine of
pregnant women as early as 10 days after conception.

How the Test A pregnancy test is done using blood or urine. There are 2 types of blood
tests:

 Qualitative, which measures whether the HCG hormone is present

 Quantitative, which measures how much HCG is present

The blood test is done by drawing a single tube of blood and sending it to a laboratoryis
Performed
You may wait anywhere from a few hours to more than a day to get the results.

The urine HCG test is most often performed by placing a drop of urine on a prepared
chemical strip. It takes 1 to 2 minutes for a result.

 Hiv Test

HIV is a virus that attacks and destroys cells in the immune system. These cells protect your
body against disease-causing germs, such as bacteria and viruses. If you lose too many
immune cells, your body will have trouble fighting off infections and other diseases.
There are three main types of HIV tests:

Antibody Test. This test looks for HIV antibodies in your blood or saliva. Your immune
system makes antibodies when you are exposed to bacteria or viruses, like HIV. An HIV
antibody test can determine if you have HIV from 3–12 weeks after infection. That's because
it can take a few weeks or longer for your immune system to make antibodies to HIV. You

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may be able to do an HIV antibody test in the privacy of your home. Ask your health care
provider about at-home HIV test kits.
HIV Antibody/Antigen Test. This test looks for HIV antibodies and antigens in the blood.
An antigen is a part of a virus that triggers an immune response. If you've been exposed to
HIV, antigens will show up in your blood before HIV antibodies are made. This test can
usually find HIV within 2–6 weeks of infection. The HIV antibody/antigen test is one of the
most common types of HIV tests.
HIV Viral Load. This test measures the amount of the HIV virus in the blood. It can find
HIV faster than antibody and antibody/antigen tests, but it is very expensive. It is mostly used
for monitoring HIV infections.

2.5 General precautions for avoidance of laboratory accidents

1. Handle acids and alkalis firmly up right with a dry hand. Never pour water in to strong
acids because of the danger of reaction and splashing.

2. Do not keep acids and alkalis in bottles with ground glass stoppers. This is because they
may get stuck.

3. Use small measuring cylinders for measuring acids and alkalis where possible.

4. Use pipettes that are plugged with non- absorbent cotton wool or with a rubber tube
attachment.

5. Never heat the bottom of a test tube. The liquid inside might sputter. Always heat the
middle portion of the test tube, shaking gently. The mouthpart of the test tube should be
facing away from the worker and other person.

6. Only boro - silicate glass wares can be heated over a Bunsen flame.

7. Only small quantities of inflammable liquids should be kept in the lab. Caution: Ether
ignites at a distance of several meters from a flame. Hence, never place a bottle of ether on a
workbench where there is an open flame (Bunsen burner, sprite lamp, etc.)

8. When lighting a butane gas (gas burner) always light the match and hold it to the burner
before turning on the gas tap. Turn off the main valves of all bottles of butane gas every
evening.

9. Eating, drinking and smoking in the laboratory should be strictly forbidden.

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10. Students and junior staff must be aware of the dangers of unauthorized experiments.

11. Safe disposal of specimens and contaminated materials is highly essential.

12. Safe use and storage of different lab chemicals is mandatory.

13. Safe use of electrical equipment is of paramount importance.

14. Adequately equipped first aid box should be available in the laboratory

15. Dangerous laboratory chemicals and specimens should be labeled clearly.

16. Laboratory equipments should be sterilized as required.

17. Using of Biological Safety Cabinets when appropriate. Biological

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 CHAPTER THREE

3.1 LIST OF TERMINOLOGY USED IN LABORATORY

1. CSF: Cerebrospinal fluid

2. DNA: Deoxy Ribos Nucleic Acid

3. GF: Gravitational force

4. Gm: Gram

5. Kg: Kilogram

6. Lab: Laboratory

7. M: Molar solution

8. Ml: Milli liter

9. MLT: Medical Laboratory Technology

10. Mv: Milli volt

11. Nm: Nano meter

12. PTB: Pulmonary tuberculosis

13. RPM: Revolution Per Minute.

14. RCF: Relative Centrifugal Force

15. UV: Ultra Violet

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 CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 General Experience Acquired

 I learnt how to work in the lab.

 I was exposed to different type of equipment used in the laboratory.

 I was opportune to use some equipment in the lab.

 Decision Making Ability; during the training I was given opportunities to make some

decision that are related to my task. Although there were minor decisions, however it gave me

the motivation to perform the entire task successfully seeing how good decisions produce

good results.

 Interpersonal Skills/ Presence; the training has improved my ability in interacting with

other people such as peers and superiors. It is fun to deal with this people, especially when

they were willing to offer assistance and guidance to the areas that were so challenging.

 Teamwork/personal Skill; I worked with my colleagues on few occasions; I was able

to contribute my ideas and insights in our works.

 Self-Management; Getting to know what it’s like to work in the real industry have

taught me how to conduct myself properly in a business environment. I am able to improve

my time management, more punctual in work and meeting report deadline. I also learnt how

to wear appropriate attire to work and manage my appearance well.

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4.1 Problems Encountered during SIWES

There are numerous problems I encountered during my Student Industrial Work Experience

Scheme Program at Basic health centre igisogba.

THE MAJOR PROBLEM ARE:

1. PROBLEM OF SECURING A PLACE OF ATTACHMENT: I had most

of problem searching for a place of attachment for my Industrial Training because most

companies rejected my request giving one reason or the other that they don’t want SIWES

student.

2. INACCESSIBLE MACHINES: The SIWES students were not giving the

opportunity to operate most of their machine they will rather ask you to watching them and

learn.

3. INADEQUATE ELECTRICITY.

4. PROBLEM OF TRANSPORTATION.

4.2 Overall Evaluation

I judge the months I used at Basic health centre igisogba as being one of the most interesting,

productive and instructive experience in my life. As a student majoring in computer science I

was very much involved in computer related work or task. This increases my excitement and

focus during the training period.

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 SUMMARY

This technical report covers in its entirety all what I learnt during the compulsory

months Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) as institutional sponsored and

implemented by the Industrial Training Fund (ITF).

The Scheme had made it possible for me to have first-hand knowledge on Science as

implemented by Institute Of Science Research And Training.

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 RECOMMEDATION

Although SIWES undergone did achieve quite a lot of its stated objectives, nevertheless, the

following recommendations are suggested to improve the qualitative context of the

programme:

 Participation of private corporate organization to minimize the problem of low

funding as recently complained by the director of ITF.

 Sending students specifically to establishment where the stipulated aims and

objectives of SIWES would be achieved.

 Payment of befitting student allowance to assist in students finances during the period

of training.

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 CONCLUSION

The SIWES programme undergone at Basic health centre igisogba afforded me an in-depth

exposure to some of the practical industrial aspects of Science profession. I was opportune to

have known how to carry out some test.

Besides, knowledge and skills were acquired in laboratory like HIV test; Pregnancy test, etc.

The programme has been highly enlightening, beneficial, interesting and successful. The

objective of which the scheme was undergone was however achieved.

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