A

TECHNICAL REPORT

ON

STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME

(SIWES)

UNDERTAKEN AT

BOUESTI HEALTH CENTRE

BY

ABRAHAM GODGIFT OSOSEH

MATRIC NUMBER: 1440

TO THE

DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (MICROBIOLOGY

PROGRAMME)

BAMIDELE OLUMILUA UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION SCIENCE

AND TECHNOLOGY IKERE EKITI, EKITI STATE.

February, 2024

PROF. V.A ESAN

(AG DIRECTOR OF SIWES)

 CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that this training program report was written and carried out by with

Matriculation number 1440 in the department of Biological Science (MICROBIOLOGY

PROGRAMME) as undergone the student industrial work Experience Scheme (SIWES)

program and had prepared this report in accordance with the knowledge and experience

gained during the training.

________________________ _____________________

ABRAHAM GODGIFT OSOSEH DATE

(Student)

________________________ _____________________

MRS. ORISHAMEKA DATE

(University Based Supervisor)

_______________________ _____________________

Dr.V.A ESAN DATE

(SIWES Director)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Firstly, my gratitude goes to the Almighty God for his strength throughout the
program of this SIWES. Many thanks supportive supervisor, my lovely siblings for their
solely contribution toward the success of this program and my life and to my parents. I also
express my profound gratitude to all members of staff who gave me training and provided a
conducive primary place of attachment.
 DEDICATION

I ABRAHAM GODGIFT OSOSEH is dedicating this SIWES report to Almighty God for His
abundance blessings, consistent love, immeasurable faithfulness, and mercy over my life.
 Title Page
Title page
Certification i
Dedication ii
Acknowledgement iii
Table of Contents iv-v
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction to SIWES 1
1.1 Brief history of industrial training fund 2
1.2 Objectives of SIWES 2
1.3 Aim of SIWES 3
CHAPTER TWO:
2.0 Brief history of Ona Ara Hospital 3
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Aim of Ona Ara Hospital 4
3.1 Objectives of Ona Ara Hospital 4
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 White blood cell count 5
4.1 Blood pregnancy and urine pregnancy test, using test strip
6
4.2. Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) screening 7
4.3. Fasting blood sugar 9
4.4. Random blood sugar
10
4.5. Urinalysis 11
4.6. Genotype 13
4.7. Pack Cell Volume 17
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 summary 19
5.2 Challenges encountered 19
5.3 conclusion
19
5.5 Recommendation 20
 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION TO SIWES

SIWES means Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme. The Industrial

Training fund established the student industrial work-experience scheme (SIWES). The student
industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) started in 1974 with 748 students from 11
institutions of higher learning participating. By 1978, the scope of participating in the scheme
had increase to about 5,000 students from 32 institutions; SIWES is accepted skill training
program, which forms part the approved minimum academic standard in the various degree
program which for all the Nigerian universities. The scheme is a tripartite programme
involving the students, the universities and the employers of labour. It is an effort to bridge the
gap existing between theory and practice of engineering and technology, science, agriculture,
medical, management and other professional educational program in the Nigerian tertiary
institutions. It is also a planned and structured programme based on stated and specific career
objectives which are geared towards developing the occupational competencies of participants.
The scheme is a tripartite program involving the students, the universities and the industry
(employers of labour). It is funded by the federal government of Nigeria and jointly
coordinated by industrial training fund (ITF) and the National Universities commission (NUC).
Participation in SIWES has become a necessary pre-condition for the award of diploma and
degree certificates in specific disciplines in most institutions of higher learning in the country,
in accordance with the education policy of government. The student industrial training work
experience scheme (SIWES) is now made compulsory exercise carried out by the entire
300level and 400level students basic on the institution and courses of study across the country.

This scheme is also established to facilitate the full realization and mandatory skills

acquisition and proper training programme designed to expose students to the industrial

workplace environment in their respective disciplines during their course of study.

1
1.1 BRIEF ACHISTORY OF INDUSTRIAL TRAINING FUND

It was established in 1971, the Industrial Training Fund has operated consistently and
painstakingly within the context of its enabling laws Decree 47 of 1971 as Amended in
the 2011 ITF ACT. The objective for which the Fund was established has been pursued
vigorously and efficaciously. In the four decades of its existence, the ITF has not only raised
training consciousness in the economy, but has also helped in generating a corps of skilled
indigenous manpower which has been manning and managing various sectors of the national
economy.
Over the years, pursuant to its statutory responsibility, the ITF has expanded its structures,
developed training programmes, reviewed its strategies, operations and services in order to
meet the expanding, and changing demands for skilled manpower in the economy. Beginning
as a Parastatal “+6+6B” in 1971, headed by a Director, the ITF became a Parastatal “A” in
1981, with a Director-General as the Chief Executive under the aegis of the Ministry of
Industry. The Fund has a 13-member Governing Council and operates with 10 Departments and
4 Units at the Headquarters, 38 Area Offices, 4 Skills Training Centres, and a Centre for
Industrial Training Excellence.

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF SIWES

 It provides the exposures to practice and apply the acquired knowledge hand on in the
working environment.
 Help provides a systematic introduce to the ways of industries and developing talent
and attitudes so that one can understand how human resource development works.
 Help student to understand and experience real life situation in industrial organization
and there relate environment.
 Help to accelerating the learning process of how student’s knowledge could be used in
a realistic way.
 Help make student to understand the formal and informal relationship in an industrial
organization to as to crate favorable relation and team work.

2
1.3 Aim of SIWES
 Prepare students for the work situation they are likely to meet after graduation.
 To provide each student opportunity for practical experience outside the university
through attachment to industrial establishments/companies, research stations.
 The scheme was founded by the Federal Government of Nigeria and jointly coordinated
by the Industrial training Fund (ITF) and the National University Commission (NUC).
It was established in 1973. The objectives of siwes are as follows;
 • To provide an avenue for students in institutions of higher learning to acquire
industrial skills and experience in their approved course of study;
 • To prepare students for the industrial works situation which they are likely to meet
after graduation.
 • To expose students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment and
machinery not available in their institutions.
 • To provide students with an opportunity to apply their knowledge in real work
situation thereby bridging the gap between theory and practices.

CHAPTER TWO

2.0. BRIEF HISTORY OF BOUESTI HEALTH CENTRE

The BOUESTI HEALTH CENTRE is located at IKERE, IKERE Local Government,
Ekiti State. It operates on 24Hours basis. The hospital is community-based facilities that
provide a wide range of medical, preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic services to individuals
and families in the local community. It plays a crucial role in improving public health by
offering accessible and affordable healthcare services. It performs special clinical services.

3
CHAPTER THREE:

3.0. AIM OF ONA ARA HOSPITAL

The primary aim of ONA ARA HOSPITAL is to promote and maintain the health and well-
being of individuals and communities by offering comprehensive and high-quality healthcare
services. It is also aimed at:
 Emphasizing preventive care and health education to reduce the risk of disease and
promote healthy behaviors within the community.
 Offering diagnostic services to detect illnesses at an early stage, allowing for timely and
effective treatment.

3.1. OBJECTIVES OF ONA ARA HOSPITAL

1 To provide technical support to the Department of Health and Family

Welfare for achieving Universal Health Care accessible to all citizens
and to prioritize special groups..
2 To facilitate transparency and maintenance of standards in
Counselling for medical education
3 To facilitate in prevention, mitigation and elimination/eradication of
communicable diseases of public health importance including
emerging and re-emerging diseases.
4 To facilitate in prevention, mitigation, and containment of public
health emergencies due to biological (including zoonotic), chemical,
radiological and nuclear hazards in disaster situations.
5 To promote healthy living and to facilitate prevention, early detection
and management of non-communicable diseases.
6 To ensure provision of state-of-the-art Emergency Care Services,
including medical, surgical (especially Trauma and Burn Care),
pediatric and obstetric emergency care for all.
7 To provide technical support to address climate change issues
impacting health.

4
 8 To lay down specific standards and norms for safety and quality
assurance of all aspects of health care including Patient Safety,
Hospital Acquired Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance
development.

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNT

A white blood cell (WBC) count is a test that measures the number of white blood cells in your
body. It may also be called a leukocyte test. This test is often included with a complete blood
count (CBC), which is commonly used to screen for different conditions that may affect your
overall health.The term “white blood cell count” is also used more generally to refer to the
number of white blood cells in your body.There are several types of white blood cells, and your
blood usually contains a percentage of each type. Sometimes, however, your white blood cell
count can fall or rise out of the healthy range. This may be due to an underlying condition or
infection.

AIM

A white blood cell count can detect hidden infections within your body and alert doctors to
undiagnosed medical conditions, such as autoimmune diseases, immune deficiencies,
and blood disorders. This test also helps doctors monitor the effectiveness of chemotherapy.

PROCEDURES

 Draw blood to check your WBC count.

 This blood sample is typically taken either from a vein in arm or a vein on the back of
your hand.

 Clean the site to kill any germs. Then, they will typically tie an elastic band around the
upper section of your arm. This elastic band helps the blood fill your vein, making it
easier for the blood to be drawn.

 They may then insert a needle into your arm or hand to collect the blood in an attached
tube. After, they will remove the elastic band from around your arm and remove the
needle. Finally, apply gauze or a bandage to the site to stop the bleeding.

5
  0.002 drop of blood is added inside the turks bottle then leave for 5minutes.

 After that view under the microscope.

RESULT

 The normal number of white blood cell in the blood is 4,500-11,000 per microliter.

 Below 4,500 microliter is abnormal (too low)

 Above 11,000 microliter is to high

CONCLUSION

White blood cell count play a critical role in the maintenance of optimal health. It is
utilised by health care providers to manage disease and promote health. With a single
blood sample, a normal white blood test can detect various different disorders, conditions,
and infection.

4.1 BLOOD PREGNANCY AND URINE PREGNANCY TEST, USING TEST

STRIP
 Introduction: A pregnancy test is done to determine if a woman is pregnant, pregnancy
hormone called the Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (HCG) in to the blood and urine.
Pregnancy test detects the hormone HCG and confirms the pregnancy.
 Aim: to determine the presence of pregnancy hormone (HCG) in the blood and urine.
 Materials: pregnancy test strip, plain bottle, needle and syringe, wet swab, cotton wool,
centrifuge, clean test tube.
 Specimen: blood (serum) and urine
 Procedure for Blood Pregnancy Test: Patient’s blood was collected through
venepuncture into plain bottle, blood sample was spun in a centrifuge for 5 minutes, and
the serum was separated carefully into a clean test tube by the use of Pasteur pipette.
The pregnancy test strip was immersed vertically into the serum for 5 minutes. The strip
was removed and the reaction was observed.
 Procedure for Urine Pregnancy Test: The patient’s urine sample was collected into
universal sterile bottle and the pregnancy test strip saw immersed into the urine for 3
seconds, then removed and left for 5mins and the result was observed.

6
  Result: An appearance of a line at the Control region and another at the Test indicates
positive result, while an appearance of a line at the Control region only, indicates
negative result. When there is no appearance of any line, means the test in invalid and as
to be redone using new kits.

4.2 HIV TEST

Rapid Antibody Tests are qualitative immunoassays intended for use as a point-of-care test
to aid in the diagnosis of HIV infection. These tests should be used in conjunction with the
clinical status, history, and risk factors of the person being tested. The specificity of Rapid
Antibody Tests in low-risk populations has not been evaluated. These tests should be used
in appropriate multi-test algorithms designed for statistical validation of rapid HIV test
results.

If no antibodies to HIV are detected, this does not mean the person has not been infected
with HIV. It may take several months after HIV infection for the antibody response to
reach detectable levels, during which time rapid testing for antibodies to HIV will not be
indicative of true infection status. For most people, HIV antibodies reach a detectable level
after two to six weeks.

Materials
Blood serum, Abort determine HIV-1 and HIV-2 test kit, and centrifuge

Procedure

• Venous blood is collected into EDTA sample bottle

• The blood is spin at 3000rpm for 10 minutes

• The strip is then immersed into blood serum with the narrow end pointing towards
the blood
• It must be immersed past the mark line. The strip is taken out after 3 seconds and
laid on a flat clean dry nonabsorbent surface.

7
 • Water for colored band to appear
Results
Readings should be taken within 10 minutes

• Positive: Distinct color band appear on the control and test regions. This indicates
the presence of HIV-1 and HIV-2
• Negative: Only one color band appears on the control region. No apparent band on
the test region. This indicates that the patient is HIV negative

4.3 PACKED CELL VOLUME (PCV) TEST

• This is also known as Heamatocrit or Erythrocyte Volume Fraction. This test
separates the components of the blood in a capillary tube, the percentage of the length
occupied by the red cell is known as the Heamatocrit. The whitish layer on top of the
red cell column is the white cell; it should not be included in the PCV estimation. PCV
test is a screening test for anaemia.
• PRINCIPLE BEHIND PCV:
• The principle behind PCV is the operation of centripetal force and centrifugal
force that operate in opposite direction.
• METHODOLOGY OF PCV:
• Aim: To know the PCV of a patient.
• Apparatus: The blood sample in an EDTA tube, PCV capillary tube (plain or
heparinized),Microhematocrit centrifuge machine, Haematocrit reader, Placticin, Cotton
wool
• Procedure: A heparinized capillary tube was used to collect blood sample from
a patient’s thumb after pricking the swabbed thumb with a sterile hand lancet and
excess blood on the capillary tube was wiped with a cotton wool. An end of the
capillary tube was inserted into a plasticin (a sealant) so as to seal the end of the
capillary tube and to avoid spilling of the blood when spinning in the microhematocrit
centrifuge machine. The capillary tube was placed inside an automated microhematocrit
centrifuge machine where it was spun at 10,000 revolutions per minute for 5 minutes
after which the capillary tube was brought out and the level of the separated blood
components were read using a micro- Hematocrit reader so as to determine the packed
cell volume.

8
•
•
•
•
•
•

•
•
•

PLATE 5: Hematocrit spinning machine, Micro-hematocrit Reader& Tube

• INTERPRETATION OF RESULT
• PCV = Height of packed cell column*100
• Height of whole blood column
• PCV ranges: Men = 45-55 (0.45-0.55) %
• Women = 35-45 (0.35-0.45) %
• Children = 32-65 (0.32-0.65) %
• Low PCV can be caused by Anaemia. Some external factors can influence result
accuracy. These may include; specimen collection, time and speed of collection, and
quality of capillary tubes used.

9
4.4. FASTING BLOOD SUGAR

The fluctuation of blood sugar (red) and the sugar-lowering hormone insulin (blue) in
humans during the course of a day with three meals. One of the effects of a sugar-rich vs a
starch-rich meal is highlighted. The blood sugar concentration or blood glucose level is the
amount of glucose (sugar) present in the blood of a human or animal. Normally, in
mammals the body maintains the blood glucose level at a reference range between about
3.6 and 5.8 mM (mmol/L). It is tightly regulated as a part of metabolic homeostasis.

Materials
Blood sample, glucomter

NOTE: Glucometer is an instrument used to measure the glucose (sugar) level of a patient.

Procedure
• Blood is collected from the thumb of the patient

• The blood is made to drop at the tip end of the glucometer and then left for few
minutes(about 3-5minutes)
• The reading is then taken and written down

Results
The normal range is 70-100mg/dL. If the result from the reading is very much less than
70mg/dL, the patient is said to be hypoglycemic and needs sugar transmission, if the
result is far higher than 100mg/dL the patient is said to be hyperglycemic and needs
insulin transfusion.

4.5 RANDOM BLOOD SUGAR

This test is similar to fasting blood sugar, the difference being that the test can be carried
out anytime on a patient (that is, whether the patient has or has not eaten is irrelevant) and
it is useful in the case of emergency.

10
Materials
Blood sample, glucometer Procedure

• Blood is collected from the thumb of the patient

• The blood is made to drop at the tip end of the glucometer and then left for few
minutes (about 3-5minutes)
• The reading is then taken and written down.

Results
The normal range is 100-180mg/dL. If the result from the reading is very much less than
70mg/dL, the patient is said to be hypoglycemic and needs sugar transmission, if the result
is far higher than 100mg/dL the patient is said to be hyperglycemic and needs insulin
transfusion.

A Glucometer

4.6. URINALYSIS

It is a laboratory test that assists consultants in detecting problems that may be shown by the
urine. It is a routine medical examination. To ensure a satisfactory urine result, enough of water
is consumed prior to the test. The colour of the stick changes depending on the presence of
various compounds.

MATERIAL

Universal bottle and plastic stick

11
PROCEDURE

 A universal bottle was provided to collect the urine sample.

 After collection the urine was examined macroscopically to detect the colour and its
turbidity.

 A chemically treated plastic stick into the urine sample.

 A color change was observed based on the presence of certain substances.

 The test result was read after 60 seconds but leukocytes are detected after 90 – 120
seconds.

Test that are checked for during urinalysis test

 Glucose: Abnormally high levels of glucose in urine may indicates gestational diabetes
or glycosuria in human.

 Nitrite: Bacteria that cause urinary tract infections also cause the nitrates in urine to
turn nitrites, and is a good test for urinary tract infections.

 Bilirubin: Large amounts of bilirubin in urine can be a sign of liver problems, and can
lead to jaundice.

 Protein: Both diabetes and high blood pressure can lead to protein in urine, as well as
other types of kidney diseases.

 Blood: Blood present in urine is indicates either kidney problem or a urinary tract
infection.

 Ketones: Ketone is produced when the body is not producing the insulin needed to
break down glucose.

 Uribilinogen: Too much of uribilinogen in urine can be a sign of liver disease, or a

blockage of the flow of bile from the gall bladder.

 Leukocytes: It means there is an infection or obstruction of the urinary tract.

12
  pH: pH levels in the body indicate the acidity, alkalinity or neutral state which the body
is.

 Specific gravity: This measure the amount of particles that are being released in urine.
If one’s specific gravity is too high, it can indicates a range of health issues such as
dehydration, diarrhea, emesis, UTIs, renal artery stenosis and more.

4.7. GENOTYPE
Blood groups are antigenic determinants on the surface of blood cells, but the use of the term is
generally restricted to antigens on red blood cells. A blood type (also called a blood group) is a
classification of blood based on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic substances on
the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). These antigens may be proteins, carbohydrates,
glycoproteins, or glycolipids, depending on the blood group system.

AIM

13
The aim of this experiment is to understand the basic concept of the ABO blood group system
and to know our blood group and type.

MATERIALS
• Venous blood is collected into EDTA sample bottle
• Antiserum A, B, and D were placed on the white tile separately in three spots
• Three separate drops of blood were dropped unto each of the spots
• Each spot was then mixed together with the tip of a clean glass slide or an inverted
rubber pipette
The tile was rocked for three minutes to view agglutination

RESULT

• Reaction of Anti-sera A and D → A ’ Positive

• Reaction of Anti-sera A only → A Negative

• Reaction of Anti-sera B and D →B Positive

• Reaction of Anti-sera B only →B negative

• Reaction of Anti-sera A, B and D →AB Positive

• Reaction of Anti-sera A and B only →AB negative

• Reaction of Anti-sera D only →O Positive

• Reaction of none of the mixture →O negative

14
CONCLUSION

Several studies related to the ABO phenotype show that genetically determined human
ABO blood groups were correspondingly linked with an increased risk of various
infectious and noninfectious diseases. Blood group A – has A antigens on the red blood
cells with anti-B antibodies in the plasma. Blood group B – has B antigens with anti-A
antibodies in the plasma. Blood group O – has no antigens, but both anti-A and anti-B
antibodies in the plasma. Blood group AB – has both A and B antigens, but no antibodies.

COMPATIBILITY

Blood group AB individuals have both A and B antigens on the surface of their RBCs, and
their blood serum does not contain any antibodies against either A or B antigen. Therefore,
an individual with type AB blood can receive blood from any group (with AB being
preferable), but can donate blood only to another type AB individual.
Blood group A individuals have the A antigen on the surface of their RBCs, and blood
serum containing IgM antibodies against the B antigen. Therefore, a group A individual
can receive blood only from individuals of groups A or O (with A being preferable), and
can donate blood to individuals with type A or AB.
Blood group B individuals have the B antigen on the surface of their RBCs, and blood
serum containing IgM antibodies against the A antigen. Therefore, a group B individual
can receive blood only from individuals of groups B or O (with B being preferable), and
can donate blood to individuals with type B or AB.
Blood group O (or blood group zero in some countries) individuals do not have either A or
B antigens on the surface of their RBCs, but their blood serum contains IgM anti-A

15
antibodies and anti-B antibodies against the A and B blood group antigens. Therefore, a
group O individual can receive blood only from a group Of individual, but can donate
blood to individuals of any ABO blood group (i.e., A, B, O or AB). If anyone needs a
blood transfusion in a dire emergency, and if the time taken to process the recipient's blood
would cause a detrimental delay, O Negative blood can be issued. RBC Compatibility
chart

In addition to donating to the same blood group; type O blood donors can give to A, B and
AB; blood donors of types A and B can give to AB.

Red blood cell compatibility table

Recipient Donor

O− O+ A− A+ B− B+ AB− AB+

O−

O+

A−

A+

B−

16
B+

AB−

AB+

PLATE 3B : Compatibility table

Table note

Assumes absence of atypical antibodies that would cause an incompatibility between

donor and recipient blood, as is usual for blood selected by cross matching.

Recipients can receive plasma of the same blood group, but otherwise the donor-recipient
compatibility for blood plasma is the converse of that of RBCs: plasma extracted from
type AB blood can be transfused to individuals of any blood group; individuals of blood
group O can receive plasma from any blood group; and type O plasma can be used only by
type O recipients.

Plasma compatibility table

Recipie Donor
nt
O A B AB

O
A

AB

17
4.8 PACK CELL VOLUME

This is a test that measures the number of white blood cells in your body. It may also be
called a leukocyte test. This test is often included with a complete blood count (CBC), which is
commonly used to screen for different conditions that may affect overall health. The term
“white blood cell count” is also used more generally to refer to the number of white blood cells
in your body. There are several types of white blood cells, and your blood usually contains a
percentage of each type. Sometimes, however, your white blood cell count can fall or rise out
of the healthy range. This may be due to an underlying condition or infection.

AIM

A white blood cell count can detect hidden infections within your body and alert doctors to
undiagnosed medical conditions, such as autoimmune diseases, immune deficiencies,
and blood disorders. This test also helps doctors monitor the effectiveness of chemotherapy.

PROCEDURES

 Draw blood to check your WBC count.

 This blood sample is typically taken either from a vein in arm or a vein on the back of
your hand.

 Clean the site to kill any germs. Then, they will typically tie an elastic band around the
upper section of your arm. This elastic band helps the blood fill your vein, making it
easier for the blood to be drawn.

 They may then insert a needle into your arm or hand to collect the blood in an attached
tube. After, they will remove the elastic band from around your arm and remove the
needle. Finally, apply gauze or a bandage to the site to stop the bleeding.

 0.002 drop of blood is added inside the turks bottle then leave for 5minutes.

 After that view under the microscope.

RESULT

 The normal number of white blood cell in the blood is 4,500-11,000 per microliter.

 Below 4,500 microliter is abnormal (too low)

18
  Above 11,000 microliter is to high

CONCLUSION

 White blood cell count play a critical role in the maintenance of optimal health. It is
utilised by health care providers to manage disease and promote health. With a single
blood sample, a normal white blood test can detect various different disorders,
conditions, and infection.

5.1 SUMMARY OF ATTACHMENT ACTIVITIES

My period at the BOUESTI HEALTH CENTRE as a SIWES student, drafted some
information apparatus for the laboratory and I also did some activities at the reception such
as: attending to patients, confirming and examining their request forms, entering their
details into the register, detailing them concerning the test they are to undergo and
directing them to where is to be examine.

5.2 CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED

The main problems encountered were getting placement and transportation. It was quite
challenging for me that live in far place to get to the organisation every working day. I was
not given any remuneration or allowance, other problems encountered during the training
was attending to different people with different personalities at the reception.

5.3 CONCLUSION
I have gained new insight and more comprehensive understanding about the real
industrial working condition and practice and also improved my soft and functional skills.
All these valuable experiences and knowledge that I have gained were not only acquired
through the direct involvement in task but also through other aspects of the training such as:
work observation, supervision, interaction with colleagues, supervisors, superior and other
people related to the field. It also exposed me to some certain things about medical
environment. And from what I have undergone, I am sure that the industrial training
programme has achieved its primary objective.

19
 As a result of the programme, I am now more confident to build my future career which
I have already started with ONA ARA hospital.

5.4 RECOMMENDATION
I recommend that all institutions or bodies involve in Student Industrial Working Experience
Scheme, should provide places for industrial attachment for Student Industrial Training Fund
and also pay some allowances to students and the company should provide more safety
equipments to prevent further environmental and health hazards.
In view of my experience during my industrial training, the following recommendations are

made to the students, university, industrial training fund (I.T.F) and the companies:

1. Students should personally ensure that they get a good placement for the program in time to

commence and gain the best from the six-months.

2. Students should make sure that the entire period for the attachment is completed before

bowing out of the program.

3. Also, student should have a focused mind and interest as it will help them get the maximum

knowledge attainable from the company attached to.

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