DPWH Standard Specifications for Public Works and Highways and Construction

(Source: DPWH Blue Book-pdf – Compilation of Terms)

►Roadway embankment of earth material shall be ► Compaction- Immediately after the mixture has been
placed in horizontal layers - not exceeding 200 mm (8 spread, struck off and surface irregularities adjusted, it
inches) shall be thoroughly and uniformly compacted by rollers

►All surface objects and all trees, stumps, roots and ► Coarse Aggregate- It shall consist of crushed stone,
other protruding obstructions, not designated to remain, gravel, blast furnace slag, or other approved inert
shall be cleared and/or grubbed, including mowing as materials of similar characteristics, or combinations
required–Clearing and Grubbing thereof, having hard, strong, durable pieces and free from
any adherent coatings.
►When Bill of Quantities indicates measurement of trees
by individual unit basis, the units will be designated and
Nominal diameter, Pin diameter (D)
measured in accordance with the following schedule of
d, mm
sizes: Diameter at height of 1.4 m Pay Item Designation
10-20 6d
Over 150 mm to 900 mm Small Over 900 mm Large
25-28 8d
►All concrete pavement, base course, sidewalks, curbs, 32 and greater 10d
gutters, etc., designated for removal, shall be:
Sieve Designation Mass
(1) Broken into pieces and used for riprap on the Standard, Alternate US Percent
project, or mm Standard Passing
50 2” 100
(2) Broken into pieces, the size of which shall not
25 1” 55-85
exceed 300 mm (12 inches) in any dimension and
9.5 3/8” 40-75
stockpiled at designated locations on the project for
use by the Government, or 11 0.075 No. 200 0-12

(3) Otherwise demolished and disposed of as directed ► Each job-mix formula submitted shall propose definite
by the Engineer. When specified, ballast, gravel, single values for:
bituminous materials or other surfacing or pavement
materials shall be removed and stockpiled as 1. The percentage of aggregate passing each
required in Subsection 101.2.1, otherwise such specified sieve size.
materials shall be disposed of as directed. 2. The percentage of bituminous material to be added.
3. The temperature of the mixture delivered on the
► Borrow excavation shall consist of the excavation and road. 4.
utilization of approved material required for the The kind and percentage of additive to be used.
construction of embankments or for other portions of the 5. The kind and percentage of mineral filler to be used.
work
► A Quality Control Plan detailing his production control
► The excavation below grade shall be backfilled with procedures and the type and frequency of sampling and
selected fine compressible material, such as silty clay or testing
loam, and lightly compacted in layers not over 150 mm
(6 inches) in uncompacted depth to form a uniform but ► Concrete Batcher. The person performing the
yielding foundation. batching or mixing operation shall be capable of
accurately conducting aggregate surface moisture
► Earth berms shall be constructed of well graded determination and establishing correct scale weights for
materials with no rocks having a diameter greater than concrete materials.
0.25 the height of the berm
►Concrete Technician- The person responsible for
► A new control strip may also be ordered by the concrete production control and sampling and testing
Engineer or requested by the Contractor when:
►Quality Control Testing -The Contractor shall perform
1. A change in the material or job-mix formula, is all sampling, testing and inspection
made.
2. Ten days of production have been accepted ► Documentation -The Contractor shall maintain
without construction of a new control strip. adequate records of all inspections and tests.
3. There is reason to believe that a control strip
density is not representative of the material being ► Transverse Strip Contraction Joint - It shall be
placed. formed by installing a parting strip to be left in place as
shown on the Plans.
► The liquid bituminous material shall be sprayed by
► Hand Finishing Hand - finishing methods may only be
means of a pressure distributor of not less than 1000
used under the following conditions:
liters capacity, mounted on pneumatic tires of such width
and number that the load produced on the road surface a. In the event of breakdown of the mechanical
will not exceed 1 kN(100 kgf) per cm width of tire. equipment, hand methods may be used to finish the
concrete already deposited on the grade.
► The tack coat shall be sprayed only so far in advance
on the surface course as will permit it to dry to a “tacky” b. In narrow widths or areas of irregular dimensions
condition. where operations of the mechanical equipment is
impractical, hand methods may be used.
►Control of Traffic shall be prohibited from traveling at
speeds in excess of 40 km/h until the asphaltic material ► Surface Test - As soon as the concrete has hardened
has set. sufficiently, the pavement surface shall be tested with a
3-m straight-edge or other specified device.
 Class P – Prestressed concrete structures and
members. Seal – Concrete deposited in water
► Curing - Immediately after the finishing operations
have been completed and the concrete has sufficiently ► Pretensioning -The prestressing elements shall be
set, the entire surface of the newly placed concrete shall accurately held in position and stressed by jacks
be cured in accordance with either one of the methods
described herein. ► Post-tensioning- Tensioning of the prestressing
reinforcement shall not be commenced until tests on
► Removal of Forms - After forms for concrete shall concrete cylinders, manufactured of the same concrete
remain in place undisturbed for not less than twenty- and cured under the same conditions
four (24) hours after concrete pouring.
► Concrete deposited in water shall be Class A concrete
► Sealing Joints -Joints shall be sealed with asphalt with a minimum cement content of 400 kg/m3 of concrete.
sealant soon after completion of the curing period and The slump of the concrete shall be maintained between
before the pavement is opened 10 and 20 cm.
► Static Testing - Suitable approved apparatus for ►The concrete in walls, beams, columns and the like
determining accurately the load on pile and the settlement shall be placed in horizontal layers not more than 30 cm
of the pile under increment of load shall be supplied by thick except as hereinafter provided.
the Contractor.
► Surface finishing shall be classified as follows:
► Timber Pile - Bents Piles for any one bent shall be
carefully selected as to size, to avoid undue bending or Class 1, Ordinary Finish
distortion of the sway bracing. Class 2, Rubbed Finish
Class 3, Floated Finis
► The minimum penetration of the preservative with the ► The falsework - shall be constructed to conform to the
surface of the timber shall be 20mm. The minimum falsework drawings. The materials used in the falsework
retention of preservative per cubic metre of timber shall construction shall be of the quantity and quality necessary
be as follows: to withstand the stresses imposed.
For general use, 195 kg by empty cell process Minimum
Item Minimum Percentage
For marine use, 320 kg by full cell process
Time Design
► Pin holes may be flame cut at least 50.8 mm smaller Strength
in diameter than the finished pin diameter. All eyebars Centering under 14 days 80%
that are to be placed side by side in the structure shall be girders, beams frames
securely fastened together or arches
Floor slabs 14 days 70%
► Erection -The Contractor shall provide the falsework Walls 1 day 70%
and all tools, machinery and appliances, including Columns 2 days 70%
driftpins and fitting-up bolts, necessary for the expeditious Sides of beams and all 1 day 70%
handling of the work other vertical surfaces
► “Steel Structures Painting Council Specifications”
► All personnel protective equipment shall conform to the
(SSPC) meeting one of the following classes of surface
American Standard Association Code for such
preparation.
equipment.
a. SSPC – SP – 5 White Metal Blast Cleaning
► The maximum size of fillet weld that may be used along
b. SSPC – SP – 6 Commercial Blast Cleaning
the edge of material 6 mm or more in thickness shall
c. SSPC – SP – 8 Pickling
be 1.5 mm less than the thickness of the material.
d. SSPC – SP – 10 Near White Blast Cleaning
► The minimum effective length of fillet weld shall be
► Shop painting - shall be done after fabrication and four times its size and in no case less than 38 mm.
before any damage to the surface occurs from weather or
other exposure. Shop contact surfaces shall not be ► Painting- This Item shall consist of furnishing and
painted unless specified. applying all paint materials including vehicles, pigments,
pastes, driers, thinners and mixed paints for steel and
► Splices shall be staggered as far as possible and with wooden structure.
a minimum separation of not less than 40 bar
diameters. ► Joint Mortar – Joint mortar for concrete pipes shall
consist of 1 part, by volume of Portland Cement and two
► The classes of concrete will generally be used as (2) parts of approved sand with water as necessary to
follows: obtain the required consistency.
Class A – All superstructures and heavily reinforced ► Oakum – Oakum for joints in bell and spigot pipes shall
substructures. The important parts of the structure be made from hemp (Cannavis Sativa) line or Benares
included are slabs, beams, girders, columns, arch Sunn fiber or from a combination of these fibers. The
ribs, box culverts, reinforced abutments, retaining oakum shall be thoroughly corded and finished and
walls, and reinforced footings. practically free from lumps, dirt and extraneous matter.
Class B – Footings, pedestals, massive pier shafts, ► Ties and struts shall be 300 mm in place until the
pipe bedding, and gravity walls, unreinforced or with embankment is completed and compacted.
only a small amount of reinforcement.
► Granular Backfill Filter Material – Granular backfill
Class C – Thin reinforced sections, railings, precast filter material shall be permeable and shall meet the
R.C. piles and cribbing and for filler in steel grid requirements of AASHTO M 6, except that soundness
floors. tests will not be required and minor variation in grading
and content of deleterious substances
► A sufficient number of cylinders shall be cast from the ► Laying – Center lines, lane lines and edges lines shall
concrete for each unit permit compression tests at 7, 14 be applied by approved mechanical means and shall be
and 28 days, and to allow for at least 3 cylinders for each laid in regular alignment.
test. If the strength requirement is met at 7 or 14 days, the
units shall be certified for use 14 days from the date of ► Plasticity The putty made from Type S, special
casting. If the strength is not met at 28 days, all units hydrate, or type SA, special airentraining hydrate, shall
made from that batch or load will be rejected. have plasticity figure of not less than 200 when tested
within 30 minutes after mixing with water.
► Mortar for grouted riprap shall consist of sand,
cement and water conforming to the requirements given ► Mineral filler shall consist of finely divided mineral
under Item 405, Structural Concrete matter such as rock dust, slag dust, hydrated lime,
hydraulic cement, fly ash or other suitable mineral matter.
► Beds for face stones may vary from 20 mm to 50 mm
in thickness ► Admixtures - A material, other than water, aggregates
and hydraulic cement (including blended cement) that is
► Embankment construction - shall consist of used as an ingredient of concrete
constructing roadway embankments, including
preparation of the areas upon which they are to be placed; ► Marking
the construction of dikes within or adjacent to the roadway Each container shall be marked with the following
► Clearance between stones shall not be less than 2- information:
1/2 inches or the maximum size of concrete aggregate a. Name, form and type of the product;
for Class “B”. b. Net mass or volume;
► Sheet Piles- This shall consist of furnishing, driving c. Name and address of manufacturer and recognized
and cutting off of sheet piling trademark, if any;
d. Manufacturer’s batch number and date of
► Rock used in the gabions and mattresses shall consist manufacture
of hard, durable rock pieces that will not deteriorate when e. Made in the Philippines and,
submerged in water or exposed to severe weather f. Required handling procedures
conditions
► Proportion for Mixing - It is the intent of these
► Filter cloth shall consist of 70% polypropylene and Specifications to provide a paint of proper brushing
30% polyethylene. consistency, which will not run, streak or sag and which
► The precast curb shall not be more than 20cm in will have satisfactory drying qualities.
width at the top portion and not be more than 25cm at ► High-Yield Strength, Quenched and Tempered Alloy
the base. Steel Plate
► Posts shall be set vertically in the position shown on It shall conform to:
the Plans and, where embedded in a concrete foundation
block, shall remain undisturbed for a minimum of 48 a. High-Yield Strength, Quenched and Tempered
hours. Alloy Steel Plate, suitable for welding,
b. High-Strength Alloy Steel Plates, Quenched and
► Rail elements shall be erected in a manner resulting Tempered for pressure vessels,
in a smooth continuous installation. c. Quenched and tempered alloy steel structural
► Road signs are designated in the Manual, namely, shapes and seamless mechanical tubing meeting all
danger warning signs, regulatory signs and informative the mechanical and chemical requirements of a steel.
signs, or guide signs
► Sign panels for warning, regulatory, and informatory ► Tensile properties as determined by tests of bar stock
signs shall be manufactured from aluminum sheeting at after drawing or of finished studs shall conform to the
least 3 mm thick. following requirements:

► The reflective sheeting used on the road signs shall Tensile strength 413.4 MPa (60,000 psi)
consist of spherical lens elements embedded within a (minimum)
transparent plastic having a smooth, flat surface Yield strength* (minimum) 344.5 MPs (50,000 psi)
Elongation (minimum) 20 percent in 50 mm
► Pavement Markings- This item shall consist of placing (2 in)
markings on the finished pavement
► The “Flush Surface” reflector shall be the short base ► Timber -It shall be free from loose knots, splits, worn
type having a maximum base area of 180 mm x 140 mm holes, decay, warp, ring separation or any defects which
will impair its strength or render it unfit for its intended use.
► The “Raised Profile” reflectors shall consist of an
acrylic plastic shell filled with an adherent epoxy
compound molded from methyl methacrylate dim.
100mmx100mmx20mmthk
► Topsoil furnished shall consist of fertile friable soil of
loamy character without admixture of undesirable subsoil,
refuse or foreign materials.
► Mulching material shall consist of approved wood
chips, ground or crushed corn cobs, wood shavings,
sawdust or peat moss.
► The center-to-center spacing between trees shall be
10- 20 meters (m) on national road.