MTHS221 - Note 9 - Surface Integrals

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Lecture 10

Reminder If S is a smooth surface parametrized by

un x un I t ylun I t 2 un k cu v cD

Then fCosyz DS f Elan trax Irl DA

where e u
En I t IZ I t Fu k

2
and Ev I t I t 1

Note In the special case where f Kiya 1 then the surface


integral computes the area of S

Areals lr uxr vld.tt


Yds

Example 1

Determine the surface area of the sphere with radius a and center
the origin
Solution

The sphere is parametrized by

K a sinof cos 0 y a sinofsin 0 Z a cos of

where D lol O O E O E IT O E O E 21T

t H not

cos 0 I a sin 0 sinO singcos0 1


a sin t
j t a

Thus try I ol a sin cos O t a sin sinO t a sin24cos20

a sin t a singcos20

a'sing sing cos 0

a sin Note sinof o since off


Hence Area 5 try fol DA
X

a'sin def do

at do sinofdot

a at f cos 6
o

a zit f cost of
cos

a 2T l
If
Ulta

The special case of a surface 5 being the graph of


a function Z
g ayy occurs frequently enough that we
calculate and memorize the surface integralformulas in this
case
In this case S is parametrized by

x x
y y 2 guy with Ky C
Dg

Hence E it Eek and Ey I t Tty k

and I I k
x x
Ey l o ga go I Ly I t E
o I
gy

Thus we have lexx Egl It ga t


gy

3 t Y

This yields the formulas

flight DS f Ky gexy it IFT t Y da

and Areals V't IFT t T da


Example 2

Evaluate
g Yds where S is the surface 2 set y oexel

and o EyE 2

Solution

Since 3 1 and IF 2y we have

yds y fit c Fy DA

Jo J y l t l t 4yd dydoc

13
My3

If S is a piecewise smooth surface i.e S S U Usn


Where each of the smooth pieces Si only touch each other
on their boundary then

f Guy z dS f g fGuy z dS t t
gnfCxyields
Example 3

Evaluate f stds where S is the surface thewith sides

cylinder S with equation a y L with bottom Sz the disk


x't y El in the plane E o and top S3 the part of the
plane 2 Hoc which lies above Sz

Solution

For S we choose parameters O


and Z to obtain
K cos O y sin0 2 z
where 0 E O E 21T

Image taken from Stewart


and o E Z E Ifk It cos0

I I k
Thus o
X Ez sin0 cosO 0 cos0 I sin
Oj
0 0 I

hence I f
o Iz l Its I
21T It cos0

Thus f s Z DS fo Z dt do

fo Il it cos05do

I I zoo O t ta l it cos20 DO

3 3
I 20 t 2sinO t
4 sin20

Since Sz lies in the XY plane we have

Dsfds gods o
Sc

For Sz we write glogy It x and choose parametric


equations
k K where
y y 2 guy Hk x2ty l

Thus we get Bs zdS HI't E Fy DA

tn itito'dA
it ruso FrdrdO
o

f fo rt rhoso drdo

f ft t wso do

ri sing

IT

Hence tds 2 DS t Eds t eds

2 IT t 0 t E IT

t E IT
Surface integrals of vector fields

Just like we needed oriented curves for line integrals of vector


fields we now need oriented surfaces

Definition

We say that S is an orientable surface if it is possible to


choose a unit normal vector in at each point x y t on 5
such that it varies continuously over S Such a choice is
called an orientation for S A surface for which an orientation
has been chosen is called oriented

If S is orientable there are two options


Note that not all surfaces are orientable Consider the Mobius strip

The Mobius strip is not orientable because it is not possible to choose

a unit normal that varies continuously

because the Mobius striponly has side


Informally this is one

We shall therefore restrict our attention to orientable surfaces


i.e two sided surfaces only

If S is a smooth surface with parametrization

hit x un i t
yCuN I t 2Cu v k ca v c D

then there is a natural way to choose an orientation for 5


We already showed when we computed tangent planes that

u x I is a normal vector to S Thus to get a unit normal


vector we set
Iu X Iv
f In X Iv

In the special case that S is the graphof E gcse y the above


formula becomes

Eci 35 It k
a
f 3 i Tty I t k

For closed surfaces i.e surfaces who are the boundary of solid
regions our convention is that the positive orientation is the
outward pointing one

Positively oriented Negatively oriented


sphere sphere
We have the ingredients we need to define the surface integral of
a vector field

Definition

If is a continuous vector field defined on an oriented surface

5 with unit normal in then the surface integral of F over S


is
E d5 F ads

This integral is also called the flux of F across S

In other words the surface integral of F over S is the


ordinary surface integral of its normal component over S

Example 4

Let F x y z Yi t KI and let 5 be the disk


x't y E l in the XY plane oriented upwards Compute the

flux of F across S
Solution

rt
Notice that in k at every point on S
rn
Y
g
X L

The flux is given by F d5 E o rids

Sfg l y ie tx
j E DS

If S is parametrized we are an explicit formula for T


and hence

F d5 DI rids
s

E'cecum IE IE Knx.ru dA
I'cecum Eu x Ev DA

In summary F d5 E'Celav Eu x Ev DA

Example 5

Find the flux of FLxy z ZI t YI t Kk across the

s here k't y't 22 1

Solution

We parametrize the sphere by

O sinocos0 It sin sinOE t cosof k c Co it

O C Co zit

Then F EH 07 cosof it sinolsinOI t SinocosOE

We computed in Example 1 that


Ey X E
o
sin cos0 I t sin sin0 I t sinof us E

Hence

F E 4,0
Ep x Io cosofsin 4cosO sin sin20 t sin cosofcos0

2 sin cos cos0 t sin34sin 0

Therefore the flux is given by

F d5 Flewo Ey x o DA

2 singcos cos0 t sin34sin 0 defdo

a Check

41
3

In the special case where S is the


graph of 2 ya y and
I PI t QI t Rk then
E o le x Ey PI t Qj t rk a
f II I E tE

so that

F dE l PII a Fa t r da

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