Gen.

Licerio Geronimo Memorial National High School

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 What I need to know?
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Basic Electronics I

This lesson focuses on the definition and applications of Electronics in our daily
lives. Electronic symbols, circuit diagrams, basic fundamental quantities of electricity,
the Ohm’s/Power Laws, electrical circuits and to use the breadboard. You can apply
this knowledge in your daily activities.

LEARNING OUTCOME 1

At the of the lesson, you must be able to:

1. define Electronics;
2. identify the applications of Electronics;
3. familiarize with some electronic symbols;
4. describe the different types of circuit diagrams;
5. describe the 4 fundamental electrical quantities;
6. use the Ohm’s and Power in determining the electrical quantities;
7. explain electrical circuits;
8. describe a breadboard;
9. perform some experiments about basic electrical circuits using breadboard;
10. use this knowledge in your everyday lives.

What is in?
D
Wha

Information Sheet 1.1

ELECTRONICS
Electronics is a branch of science that deals with study electrons, their control,
behavior and applications. The world is fast growing in terms of electronics technology,
almost every week new electronic gadget comes to life and electronics has become
an important part of our everyday.

Applications:
1. Consumer (Radio/TV/Cellular phones/Home Appliances)
2. Information and Computer Technology
3. Industrial (Automated Machines)
4. Medical (X-rays/CT-Scan/Ultrsound/MRI)
5. Military/Space(Radar/Satellites)
6. Office(Photocopying Machines/Printers)
7. Others(CCTV/Others)

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Electronic Appliances and Gadgets:

Some electronics components and their corresponding symbols:

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Information Sheet 1.2
Electronic Circuit Diagrams
A diagram is a simplified drawing showing the appearance, structure, or workings of
something; a schematic representation. For Electronics, it serves as guide or map for
electronic technicians/engineers/students.
Types
Schematic Diagram-a diagram that uses symbols or graphical representation of
electronic components, it shows the electrical structures and connections of the
parts of the circuit. It is the most important diagram.

Block Diagram-In this diagram, only the stages of the circuit are drawn in boxes or
geometrical figures, it shows the signal flow in the circuit.

Pictorial Diagram- actual appearances of the components are illustrated in this

diagram, it is popular among students, beginners and enthusiasts.

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Information Sheet 1.3

4 FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITIES OF ELECTRICITY

ELECTRICAL CURRENT (I) is the movement or stream of electrons passing a given point,
it is rated in Amperes (A). It is believed that 1 Ampere is equal to
6,250,000,000,000,000,000 or 6.25 x1018) electrons passing in one second.

VOLTAGE (V or E)- is the electrical force or pressure that moves the electrons to flow,
or Electromotive Force or EMF, from the words Electron-Moving-Force, voltage is also
known as Electrical Pressure, Potential and Potential Difference. It is expressed in Volt
(V).

RESISTANCE (R)- is the opposition to flow of current. It is anything that gets in the way
of electrical current. Examples are bulbs, buzzers, electric motors, heating elements,
televisions, radios, computers, chargers or anything that consumes current.
Resistance is expressed in Ohm (Ω).

POWER (P) is the work performed by the current. The unit is Watt(W).

OHM’S LAW
The relationship of current (I), voltage(V) and resistance(R) was discovered by Georg
Simon Ohm, a German physicist.

“This law states that current is directly proportional to the voltage but inversely
proportional to the resistance, this means if the voltage is increased, the current
increases but if the resistance is increased, current is reduced.”
Mathematically, we can express this as:
CURRENT (I)=VOLTAGE (V) or I = V
RESISTANCE (R) R

The current is expressed in Ampere(A), voltage is in Voltage(V) and the resistance is in

Ohm(Ω).
Sample Problems:

1. Solve the current if the voltage is 10 Volts against a resistance of 2 Ohms.

I = V = 10V = 5A
R 2Ω

2. What will be the current when the voltage is 20V and the resistance is 2Ω?
I = V = 20V = 10A
R 2Ω

3. Compute the current if the voltage remained at 10V while the resistance is
increased to 5Ω.
I = V = 10V = 2A
R 5Ω

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To find the voltage, V =I × R and resistance, R = V
R
or use this as guide,

Sample Problems:
1. Calculate the voltage if the current given is 6 Amperes against a resistance of 8
Ohms.
V = I×R = 6A × 8Ω = 48V

2. Find the resistance of the circuit if the current passing is 4 Amperes pushed by a
voltage of 20 Volts.
R = V = 20V = 5Ω
I 4A

For solving the power(P), which is expressed in watt(W), just multiply the current by
the voltage or:
P=I×V

Sample Problem:

Determine the of the circuit when there is a current of 50Amperes and 220Volts.
P = I×V = 50A × 220V = 11000W

Information Sheet 1.4

THE ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT

Electrical circuit is any arrangement that permits the current to flow from the source
back to the source. It is a closed loop.

Conditions of an electrical circuit:

Closed Circuit- in this condition, the current flows due to low resistance. The circuit is
ON.
Open Circuit- At this condition, no current flows because of very high resistance. The
circuit is OFF.

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Short Circuit- The electrical current takes a short cut, it is undesirable at its best, it makes
the batteries lose their power at rapid rate, it causes over loading and excessive heat
on the conductors resulting fires.

Parts of Electrical Circuit

Load- any current consuming device, like cellphones, televisions, radios, computers,
electric fans, flat iron/heating devices, flashlights/bulbs, etc.
Path-this is where the current flows. Any metal can serve as path for the electrons.
Source- the power supply of the circuit, it can be cell, battery, solar or a generator.
Control- this makes the circuit closed/open or ON/OFF, common controllers are
switches.

Types of Electrical Circuits

Series Circuit- in this circuit, the components are connected like chain so that the
current takes a single path/ constant current. The components are dependent with
one another. The voltage is divided in this circuit. Christmas lights are common
examples.

Parallel Circuit-The components are connected independently. The current takes

several paths or branches that is why it is divided, but the voltage is constant.
Household electrical system is the common example.

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Series-Parallel Circuit or Complex Circuit-combination of series and parallel circuits.

Information Sheet 1.5

What is a Breadboard?
A breadboard is used to connect the components of an electronics circuit
temporarily. Electronic components are interconnected by inserting their leads or
terminals into the holes. The board has strips of metal underneath the board and
connect the holes on the top of the board.

Breadboard

Breadboard with electronic components

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 Connected

Connected

Connected

Breadboard Connections

E What is more?

Template for the Plates:

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Learning Task 1: On an oslo paper, using the template and pencil only, draw the
schematic symbols of electronic components.

Learning Task 2: On an oslo paper, using the template and pencil only, draw the
schematic diagram of an audio amplifier.

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Learning Task 3: On an oslo paper, using the template and pencil only, draw the
block diagram of AM Radio.

Learning Task 4: Compute the current, voltage, resistance and power of the following.
Show your solution. Write your answers on 1 whole sheet of pad paper:

1. Calculate the voltage there is current of 15A flowing against a resistance of

2Ω.
2. What will be the resistance of the load if the voltage present is 30V and the
current is 2.5A?
3. Solve the current in the circuit if there is a voltage of 220V against a
resistance of 7Ω.

Learning Task 5: Applying of Ohm’s Law in our home.

1. Name 2 electrical/electronic devices/gadgets/appliances in your home.

2. Observe electrical safety when doing these, make sure to unplug first the unit
from the electrical outlets, ask for some assistance from your father/older
brother/uncle or any adult relative that has the knowledge about electricity.
3. Based on their Electrical Specs, write down the Electrical quantities given
(Input and Maximum Ratings only).
Example: A Rice cooker, Electrical Specification: Voltage:220Volts,
Power:800Watts
4. Using the Ohm’s Law and Power Law formula, compute the missing electrical
quantities.

Learning Task 6: On an oslo paper, using the template and pencil only, draw the
different conditions of an electrical circuit.

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Learning Task 7. On an oslo paper, using the template and pencil only, draw the
series and parallel circuits.

Learning Task 8. On an oslo paper, using the template and pencil only, draw a
series-parallel circuit.

Series-Parallel Circuit

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Learning Task 9. On an oslo paper, using the template and pencil only, draw a
series-parallel/complex circuit.

What I have learned?

A
Learning Task 10: Breadboarding

Components for the Activities:

9V Battery 9V Battery Clip9V Battery Clip

LED Switch(SW1)

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 390Ω Resist Jumper Wires Breadboard

Learning Task 10.1: Assembling Simple Electrical Circuit on Breadboard

Component placement on breadboard (Simple Circuit) sample:

Materials Needed:
1. Breadboard-1 pc.
2. 9 Volts battery- 1pc.
3. 9 Volts battery clip- 1pc.
4. Light emitting diode- 1 pc.
5. Jumper wires, if needed

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 1. Resistors, 390Ω- 1pc. (Resistor serves as current limiter for the LED to prevent
premature damage.)
Procedure:
1. Prepare all the components needed.
2. Based on the schematic diagram, connect the parts of simple circuit on the
breadboard.
3. Before applying power (connecting battery) to the circuit, check for
unwanted short or open circuits and misplaced components or leads.
4. If all went well, connect the 9volt battery to the circuit, the LED should light,
if not, review your work.
5. Have patience.
6. Always observe safety when dealing with electricity.

Learning Task 10.2: Assembling Series Circuit on Breadboard

.

Materials Needed:
2. Breadboard-1 pc.
3. 9 Volts battery- 1pc.
4. 9 Volts battery clip- 1pc.
5. Light emitting diode- 3 pcs.
6. Jumper wires, if needed
7. Resistors, 390Ω- 1pc. (Resistor serves as current limiter for the LED to prevent
premature damage.)
Procedure:
1. Prepare all the components needed.
2. Based on the schematic diagram, connect the parts of series circuit on the
breadboard.
3. Before applying power (connecting battery) to the circuit, check for
unwanted short or open circuits and misplaced components or leads.
4. If all went well, connect the 9volt battery to the circuit, the 3 LEDs should
light, if not, review your work.
5. Try removing any one of the LEDs, all LEDs should not light. Why?
6. Have patience.
7. Always observe safety when dealing with electricity.

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Learning Task 10.3: Assembling Parallel Circuit on Breadboard

Materials Needed:
1. Breadboard-1 pc.
2. 9 Volts battery- 1pc.
3. 9 Volts battery clip- 1pc.
4. Light emitting diode- 3 pcs.
5. Jumper wires, if needed.
6. Resistors, 390Ω- 1pc. (Resistor serves as current limiter for the LED to prevent
premature damage.)
Procedure:
1. Prepare all the components needed.
2. Based on the schematic diagram, connect the parts of parallel circuit on
the breadboard.
3. Before applying power (connecting battery) to the circuit, check for
unwanted short or open circuits and misplaced components or leads.
4. If all went well, connect the 9volt battery to the circuit, the 3 LEDs should
light, if not, review your work.
5. Try removing any one of the LEDs, what happened to other LEDs? Why?
6. Have patience.
7. Always observe safety when dealing with electricity.

Learning Task 10.4: Assembling Parallel Circuit on Breadboard

(to be passed together with other outputs)

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 Materials Needed:
1. Breadboard-1 pc.
2. 9 Volts battery- 1pc.
3. 9 Volts battery clip- 1pc.
4. Light emitting diode- 6 pcs.
5. Jumper wires, if needed.
Procedure:
1. Prepare all the components needed.
2. Based on the schematic diagram, connect the parts of parallel circuit on
the breadboard.
3. Before applying power (connecting battery) to the circuit, check for
unwanted short or open circuits and misplaced components or leads.
4. If all went well, connect the 9volt battery to the circuit, the LEDs should light,
in some cases like the 3 LEDs in series, will not light due to limited power
supply, try removing on 1 LED and make it 2 LEDs in series (these 2 LEDs
should now light), if not, review your work.
5. Have patience.
6. Always observe safety when dealing with electricity.

REFLECTION

 The learner communicates the explanation of their personal assessment as

indicated in the Learner’s Assessment Card.
 The learner, in their notebook, will write their personal insights about the lesson
using the prompts below.
I understand that ___________________.
I realize that ________________________.
I need to learn more about __________.

After absorbing the lesson, cite altleast 3 situations in our daily lives where the
module’s contents were evident.

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