ISX15 CM2250SN OBD

Scene Number: 3130 1000 Scene Title Course Information

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All numbers and specifications listed in this program are used for illustration purposes only.
Current information can be found in the service manuals located on QuickServe Online.
Scene Number: 3130 1010 Scene Title Objectives
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Upon completion of this course the technician will be capable of: describing euro on-board
diagnostics, understanding the purpose of euro on-board diagnostics, demonstrating
knowledge of euro on-board diagnostics fault code types, and describing which components
and systems are monitored by euro on-board diagnostics.
Scene Number: 3130 1020 Scene Title Euro On-Board Diagnostics
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Euro on-board diagnostics, or EOBD, is a government-mandated standard that requires
engines to actively monitor and test emissions related components and systems to detect
malfunctions that adversely affect emissions. An engine's OBD system is a computer-based
system that is designed to monitor nearly every component that can affect the emission
control system.
Refer to service bulletin number 4021927 for information regarding euro on-board diagnostics
(EOBD) for Cummins engines certified to euro 4, 4.5 and 5 emissions levels.
Scene Number: 3130 1030 Scene Title OBD and Government Agencies
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OBD systems are used by government agencies in areas where vehicle emissions and other
vehicular system inspections are required as well as a requirement to allow competitive
access to certain engine information.
Scene Number: 3130 1040 Scene Title OBD and the Technician
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The OBD diagnostic system is a tool that can assist in the service and repair of a vehicle by
providing simple, quick, and effective methods of pinpointing problems by retrieving
information from all related or affected vehicle systems.
Scene Number: 3130 1050 Scene Title OBD Legislation
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OBD systems are found on vehicles around the globe. Although differences exist in the
legislated requirements and implementation dates, many of the diagnostic methods and
INSITE service tool functions are the same.
Scene Number: 3130 1060 Scene Title European OBD Stage 1+ Requirements
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Vehicles must be equipped with an onboard diagnostic system for emission control. The
vehicle operator must be notified in case of a malfunction or deterioration of the emission
system that would cause emissions to exceed mandatory European Union or EU set
emissions thresholds.
To distinguish from the US OBD, the European limits are also sometimes referred to as the
EOBD (European OBD).
Scene Number: 3130 1070 Scene Title Euro 4 Emissions and Euro 5 Emissions - OBD Systems
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Euro 4 emissions requires that a vehicle is capable of monitoring the function of the engine
against a fixed level of emissions and monitoring the aftertreatment SCR system for major
functional failures.
Scene Number: 3130 1080 Scene Title Euro 5 Emissions - OBD Systems
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Euro 5 emissions requires that a vehicle be capable of monitoring both the engine and
aftertreatment SCR system's emissions against legislated limits and monitor the system for
any major functional failure. Many of the conditions that drive an emissions related fault
code will include a mandatory engine power de-rate.
Scene Number: 3130 1090 Scene Title On-Board Diagnostics Systems
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At the highest level, on-board diagnostics (OBD) exist to ensure the emission control system
is operating as designed.
OBD is required to detect failures of any engine and aftertreatment systems that adversely
affect emissions.
The OBD system illuminates a malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) to inform the driver of the
fault and stores a fault code that identifies the likely malfunction.
To facilitate troubleshooting and repair of the malfunction, the OBD system provides a
standard electronic interface to the engine ECM over the public SAE J1939 data link.
Scene Number: 3130 1100 Scene Title OBD vs. Cummins Diagnostic System
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In a lot of ways, an OBD system is not much different than a traditional Cummins diagnostic
system. They both store fault codes that indicate the likely malfunction, the systems
communicate to the operator via dashboard lamps, and the service channel uses the systems
as an entry point for troubleshooting and repair.
The traditional Cummins diagnostic system will continue to be used along with the OBD
system.
The differences between an OBD system and the Cummins diagnostic system are the
addition and use of the malfunction indicator lamp, typically referred to as the MIL.
The OBD system detects deteriorated components and systems, not just total failures.
And multiple trip diagnostics exist, meaning a failure must be detected in multiple
consecutive trips before the MIL will be illuminated. The term trip will be defined later in
this course.
Scene Number: 3130 1110 Scene Title Driver Interface
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The malfunction indicator lamp latches on when an OBD fault code is logged.
In most cases it takes three trips without the failure reoccurring to clear the lamp.
To determine how many trips and the required operating conditions that are needed to clear
the MIL, refer to the applicable electronics troubleshooting and repair manual or the fault
code overview in the fault code troubleshooting manual.
Scene Number: 3130 1120 Scene Title Malfunction Indicator Lamp Operator Response
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When the malfunction indicator lamp is illuminated it should direct the same operator
response as the amber warning lamp. The vehicle must be taken in for service at the first
available opportunity.
Scene Number: 3130 1130 Scene Title Malfunction Indicator Lamp Clearing
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Three trips without a failure is standard for resetting the fault and clearing the MIL. Different
OBD fault codes require different conditions to clear the MIL.
For those OBD diagnostics that are able to perform a functional check with just a key-on, a
complete key cycle would be considered a trip.
For those OBD diagnostics that require the engine to run under certain operating conditions,
a trip starts when the engine is operating under the required conditions and completes with a
key-off.
Therefore, in nearly all cases the technician will be asked to verify the repair by completing
at least one trip without a failure. When this is accomplished, the fault code will read inactive
in INSITE, but the MIL will still be illuminated. In many cases the technician will be asked
to complete all trips required to clear the MIL.
In some cases where the operating conditions are difficult or cannot be achieved, INSITE has
the capability to clear the MIL through the reset all faults located in the fault screen.
To determine how many trips and the required operating conditions that are needed to clear
the MIL for a specific OBD fault code, refer to the applicable electronics troubleshooting and
repair manual or the fault code overview in the fault code troubleshooting manual.
Scene Number: 3130 1140 Scene Title OBD Requirements
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OBD requirements include a comprehensive component diagnostics of all emission related
input components (sensors).
All output components (actuators) for continuity and functionality.
And system diagnostics of all major emissions control subsystems.
Scene Number: 3130 1150 Scene Title Emission Related Components
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Emission related components: can affect emissions during any reasonable in-use driving
condition, are used as part of the diagnostic strategy for other monitored systems or
components, and are diagnosed for signal, enable conditions and abort conditions. These
systems and components are integrated and rely on one another for proper operation.
Scene Number: 3130 1160 Scene Title Aftertreatment Outlet NOx Sensor
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The aftertreatment outlet NOx sensor is a smart device that is used to measure the outlet
NOx emissions from the aftertreatment SCR system.
The aftertreatment outlet NOx sensor is powered and grounded through the OEM wiring
harness.
The aftertreatment outlet NOx sensor performs its own internal diagnostics and reports
failures back to the engine ECM.
Scene Number: 3130 1170 Scene Title Public SAE J1939 Data Link
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The ECM communicates over the SAE J1939 data link with the aftertreatment outlet NOx
sensor's processor.
Scene Number: 3130 1180 Scene Title Aftertreatment Outlet NOx Sensor Location
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The aftertreatment outlet NOx sensor location can vary depending on engine application. It is
usually located in the exhaust system at the outlet of the aftertreatment SCR catalyst.
Scene Number: 3130 1190 Scene Title Aftertreatment Outlet NOx Sensor Serviceability
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The aftertreatment outlet NOx sensor is permanently attached to the NOx control module.
They are serviced as a single component and cannot be replaced individually.
Scene Number: 3130 1200 Scene Title Sensor Diagnostics
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For each emission related input component (sensor) the OBD system is required to support
circuit continuity diagnostics for sensor voltage above normal, shorted to high source and
sensor voltage below normal, shorted to low source.
The OBD system is also required to support functionality diagnostics or in-range diagnostics
for sensor in-range high, sensor in-range low and sensor stuck in-range. In-range high - the
sensor reports a value higher than it actually should, based on the operating condition. In-
range low - the sensor reports a value lower than it actually should, based on the operating
condition. And stuck in-range - the sensor reports a somewhat constant value when operating
conditions are contrary.
These are the same sensor diagnostics that have been supported for years in the traditional
Cummins diagnostics system.
Scene Number: 3130 1210 Scene Title Actuator Diagnostics
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For each emission related output component (actuator) the OBD system is required to
support circuit continuity diagnostics for actuator voltage above normal, shorted to high
source and actuator voltage below normal, shorted to low source.
The OBD system is also required to support functionality diagnostics.
Additional detection capabilities are required for specified actuators such as fuel injectors.
Scene Number: 3130 1220 Scene Title Sensor and Actuator Fault Codes
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Sensor and actuator diagnostics for in-range high, in-range low and stuck in-range may all
appear as a data erratic fault code. Diagnostics for voltage above normal, shorted to high
source and voltage below normal, shorted to low source have their own fault codes.
Scene Number: 3130 1225 Scene Title Fault Code Troubleshooting
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Information on whether a fault is a multiple trip fault, and whether or not the fault code is
non-erasable can be found in the applicable electronics troubleshooting and repair manual or
in the fault code overview in the fault code troubleshooting manual.
Follow the required steps in the troubleshooting tree to complete a repair and change the
fault code state to inactive.
Scene Number: 3130 1230 Scene Title OBD Fault Codes
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OBD faults can also be erasable or non-erasable.
Scene Number: 3130 1240 Scene Title Erasable Fault Codes
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Erasable fault codes are fault codes that are erasable.
Meaning they can be cleared, or erased by INSITE.
Scene Number: 3130 1250 Scene Title Non-Erasable Fault Codes
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For non-erasable fault codes, the fault history cannot be erased, or cleared with the INSITE
service tool. Fault codes that are directly related to engine emissions are non-erasable.
If the fault shows an inactive status, it cannot be erased regardless of the INSITE version
being used.
Non-erasable fault codes will remain in the fault code history for 9600 hours or 400 days
before they can be erased from the ECM.
Scene Number: 3130 1260 Scene Title Torque De-Rate
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Not all fault codes that drive a warning or stop lamp will cause a de-rate in torque. For fault
codes that do cause a de-rate, some will occur immediately. Others will be implemented if an
emissions related fault code is active for a specified amount of engine run time.
Scene Number: 3130 1270 Scene Title Torque De-Rate Removal
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If an emissions related fault code goes inactive within the specified period, the timer will
reset and the fault will go inactive.
When the emissions related fault goes inactive, the de-rate will be removed.
Scene Number: 3130 1280 Scene Title Systems Diagnostics
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OBD is not an engine protection system and does not protect the engine performance or
mechanical functions. It diagnoses systems as a passed or failed functional test, with the
failed system illuminating a light. For example some of the pass or fail diagnostics are: intake
manifold pressure, fuel injector misfire, fuel system pressure, and the aftertreatment system.
Scene Number: 3130 1290 Scene Title Pass vs. Fail Criteria
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The general requirement of the OBD system diagnostics is that the pass criteria of the
system must equal the fail criteria of the system.
An example of this is, if a diagnostic classifies a system as failed when a temperature is
greater than a threshold for two minutes, the diagnostic can only classify the system as
passed when the temperature is less than the threshold for two minutes.
Scene Number: 3130 1300 Scene Title Multiple Trip Diagnostics
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Some system failures will not light a lamp until they have failed a diagnostic multiple times.
This is called multiple trip diagnostics. For example, with a two trip diagnostic the first
failure of the system will cause a fault code that can be seen in INSITE as active, but will not
light the malfunction indicator lamp.
The second failure of the system will cause the malfunction indicator lamp to illuminate. The
fault count will increase every time the failure occurs.
Scene Number: 3130 1310 Scene Title Reading and Clearing OBD Fault Codes
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INSITE can be used to read and clear the OBD system fault codes over the SAE J1939 data
link. INSITE will not clear the non-erasable OBD fault codes.
Scene Number: 3130 1320 Scene Title INSITE
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The euro 5 and later OBD diagnostics require INSITE version 7.5 or newer to read and clear
all EOBD fault codes.
Scene Number: 3130 1330 Scene Title Conclusion
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Scene Number: 3130 1340 Scene Title Assessment
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What does EOBD stand for?
Scene Number: 3130 1350 Scene Title Assessment
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Which is not a function of the OBD system?
Scene Number: 3130 1360 Scene Title Assessment
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How many trips, without a failure, are standard for resetting the fault and clearing the
malfunction indicator lamp?
Scene Number: 3130 1370 Scene Title Assessment
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Which is an OBD diagnostic for each emission related input component?
Scene Number: 3130 1380 Scene Title Assessment
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Over which data link does the ECM communicate with the NOx sensor processor?
Scene Number: 3130 1390 Scene Title Assessment
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Which of the following best describes a trip?
Scene Number: 3130 1400 Scene Title Assessment
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True or False: An emissions related fault can cause a torque de-rate.