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Problem Sheet 3

1. The document provides 10 problems related to heat and mass transfer via convection. The problems involve calculating heat transfer rates, boundary layer thicknesses, drag forces, and surface temperatures for various convection scenarios involving airflow over flat plates, pipes, spheres, and ducts where the surfaces have prescribed temperatures or heat fluxes. 2. The problems require applying equations for velocity and thermal boundary layers, drag, heat transfer, and fluid properties to solve for unknown values like surface temperature, heat transfer rate, boundary layer thickness, and drag force. 3. The scenarios involve things like parallel airflow over flat plates, crossflow over cylinders and pipes, internal flow in tubes, and flow over spheres.

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balochfrahan.2003
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115 views

Problem Sheet 3

1. The document provides 10 problems related to heat and mass transfer via convection. The problems involve calculating heat transfer rates, boundary layer thicknesses, drag forces, and surface temperatures for various convection scenarios involving airflow over flat plates, pipes, spheres, and ducts where the surfaces have prescribed temperatures or heat fluxes. 2. The problems require applying equations for velocity and thermal boundary layers, drag, heat transfer, and fluid properties to solve for unknown values like surface temperature, heat transfer rate, boundary layer thickness, and drag force. 3. The scenarios involve things like parallel airflow over flat plates, crossflow over cylinders and pipes, internal flow in tubes, and flow over spheres.

Uploaded by

balochfrahan.2003
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Heat and Mass Transfer Problem Sheet: 03 Convection

1. In flow over a surface, velocity and temperature profiles are of the forms u(y)=Ay + By2 ̶ Cy3
and T(y) = D + Ey + Fy2 ̶ Gy3, where the coefficients A through G are constants. Obtain
expressions for the friction coefficient Cf and the convection coefficient h in terms of u∞, T∞, and
appropriate profile coefficients and fluid properties.

2. A fan that can provide air speeds up to 50 m/s is to be used in a low-speed wind tunnel with
atmospheric air at 25oC. If one wishes to use the wind tunnel to study flat-plate boundary layer
behavior up to Reynolds numbers of Rex = 108, what is the minimum plate length that should be
used? At what distance from the leading edge would transition occur if the critical Reynolds
number were Rex,c = 5 × 105?

3. Atmospheric air is in parallel flow (u∞ = 15 m/s, T∞ = 15oC) over a flat heater surface that is to
be maintained at a temperature of 140oC. The heater surface area is 0.25 m2, and the airflow is
known to induce a drag force of 0.25 N on the heater. What is the electrical power needed to
maintain the prescribed surface temperature?

4. Engine oil at 100oC and a velocity of 0.1 m/s flows over both surfaces of a 1-m-long flat plate
maintained at 20oC. Determine:
(a) The velocity and thermal boundary layer thicknesses at the trailing edge.
(b) The local heat flux and surface shear stress at the trailing edge.
(c) The total drag force and heat transfer per unit width of the plate.

5. A long, cylindrical, electrical heating element of diameter D = 10 mm, thermal conductivity k =


240 W/m. K, density = 2700 kg/m3, and specific heat cp = 900 J/kg. K is installed in a duct for
which air moves in cross flow over the heater at a temperature and velocity of 27oC and 10m/s,
respectively. Neglecting radiation, estimate the steady-state surface temperature when, per unit
length of the heater, electrical energy is being dissipated at a rate of 1000 W/m.

6. A circular pipe of 25-mm outside diameter is placed in an airstream at 25oC and 1-atm pressure.
The air moves in cross flow over the pipe at 15 m/s, while the outer surface of the pipe is
maintained at 100oC. What is the drag force exerted on the pipe per unit length? What is the rate
of heat transfer from the pipe per unit length?

7. Air at 25oC flows over a 10-mm-diameter sphere with a velocity of 25 m/s, while the surface of
the sphere is maintained at 75oC.
(a) What is the drag force on the sphere?
(b) What is the rate of heat transfer from the sphere?

8. Air at p =1 atm enters a thin-walled (D = 5-mm diameter) long tube (L = 2 m) at an inlet


temperature of Tm,i = 100C. A constant heat flux is applied to the air from the tube surface. The air
mass flow rate is m =135 × 10-6 kg/s. (a) If the tube surface temperature at the exit is Ts,o = 160C,
determine the heat rate entering the tube. Evaluate properties at T = 400 K. (b) If the tube length
of part (a) were reduced to L = 0.2 m, how would flow conditions at the tube exit be affected?
Would the value of the heat transfer coefficient at the tube exit be greater than, equal to, or smaller
than the heat transfer coefficient for part (a)? (c) If the flow rate of part (a) were increased by a
factor of 10, would there be a difference in flow conditions at the tube exit? Would the value of
Heat and Mass Transfer Problem Sheet: 03 Convection

the heat transfer coefficient at the tube exit be greater than, equal to, or smaller than the heat
transfer coefficient for part (a)?

9. Air at 3 × 10-4 kg/s and 27oC enters a rectangular duct that is 1 m long and 4mm × 16 mm on a
side. A uniform heat flux of 600 W/m2 is imposed on the duct surface. What is the temperature of
the air and of the duct surface at the outlet?

10. Consider the pipe as shown in figure with constant surface temperature of 25oC. Calculate the
outlet mean temperature, and heat transfer rate.

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