Statistika 1 - M8

Nama : Saripah
NPM : 11222785
Kelas : 2EA22
1. Which of the following could not be probability distributions? Explain
Answer :
• Example A : P (0) + P (1) = 0.80 + 0.20 = 1.00
It satisfies both conditions and is a valid probability distribution.
• Example B : P (1) + P (2) + P (3) + P (4) + P (5) = 0.05 + 0.15 + 0.25 + 0.40 + 0.10 =
0.95
This example does not satisfy the first condition, as the sum is less than 1. It is not a valid
probability distribution.
• Example C : P (50) + P (60) + P (70) = 0.30 + 0.60 + 0.40 = 1.30
This example does not satisfy the first condition, as the sum is greater than 1. It is not a
valid probability distribution.
So, Example B and Example C could not be probability distributions because they do not satisfy
the requirement that the sum of all probabilities must equal 1.
2. The “Daily 3” Lottery. Many states have a “daily 3” lottery. The daily 3 is a uniformly
distributed discrete random variable whose values range from 000 through 999. Calculate:
a) Probability of any given three-digit number (P(X=x)
Answer :
The probability of any given three-digit number in a uniformly distributed discrete random
variable is 1 divided by the total number of possible outcomes. Since there are 1000 possible
1
three-digit numbers (ranging from 000 to 999), the probability is 1000
b) μ
Answers :
The mean (μ) of a uniform distribution is calculated as the average of the minimum and
maximum values. For the Daily 3 Lottery, the minimum value is 000, and the maximum value is
0+999
999. So, μ = = 499,5
2
c) σ
Answer :
(𝑏−𝑎) 2
The standart deviation (σ) of a uniform distribution is calculated using the formula σ = √ ,
12
where a and b are the minimum and maximum values. In this case, a = 000 and b = 999.
(999−000) 2
So, σ = √ 12
3. At a Noodles & Company restaurant, the probability that a customer will order a nonalcoholic
beverage is .38. Use Excel to find the probability that in a sample of 5 customers
(a) none of the 5 will order a nonalcoholic beverage,
Answer :
5
P(X=0) = ( ) (0,41)0 (1- 0,41) 5-0
0
= 0,0751
(b) at least 2 will,

Answer :
P(X≥2) =P(X=2)+P(X=3)+P(X=4)+P(X=5)
5 5 5
= ( ) (0,41)2 (1 – 0,41)5-2 + ( ) (0,41)3 (1 – 0,41)5-3 + ( ) (0,41)4 (1 – 0,41)5-4
2 3 4
5
+ ( ) (0,41) (1 – 0,41)
5 5-5
5
= 0,34524 + 0,239914 + 0,08336 + 0,01158
= 0,6801
(c) fewer than 4 will,

Answer :
P(X<4) = P (X = 0) + P (X = 1) + P (X = 2) + P (X = 3)
= 0,07149 + 0,24841 + 0,34524 + 239914
= 0,9051
(d) all 5 will order a nonalcoholic beverage

Answer :
5
P (X = 5) = ( ) (0,41)5 (1 – 0,41)5-5
5
= 0,0116
4. Calculate each Poisson probability:
a. Fewer than 4 arrivals with λ =5.8.
Answer :
λ eμ – λ
P (X = μ) = μ!
(5.8)μ (𝑒 −5.8 )
P (X < 4) = ∑3μ=0 = 0.1700
μ!
b. At least 3 arrivals with λ =4.8.

Answer :
(4.8)μ (𝑒 −4.8 )
P (X ≥ 3) = ∑∞
μ=3 = 0.8575
μ!
c. At most 9 arrivals with λ =7.0.

Answer :
(7)μ (𝑒 −7 )
P (X ≤ 9) = ∑9μ=0 = 0.8305
μ!
5. According to J.D. Power and Associates’ 2006 Initial Quality Study, consumers reported on
average 1.7 problems per vehicle with new 2006 Volkswagens. In a randomly selected new
Volkswagen, find the probability of
(a) at least one problem;
Answer : (k ≥ 1)
P (X ≥ 1) = 1 – P (X = 0)
𝑒 −1.7 .1.70
P (X ≥ 1) ≈ 1 − ≈ 1 − 0.182 = 0.818
0!
(b) no problems;
Answer : (k = 0):
𝑒 −1.7 .1.70
P ( X = 0) ≈ ≈ 0.182
0!
(c) more than three problems.

Answer : (k > 3)
P (X > 3) ≈ 1 − (P (X = 0) + P (X = 1) + P (X = 2) + P (X = 3))
P (X > 3) ≈ 1 − (0.182 + 0.309 + 0.263 + 0.149) ≈ 1 − 0.903 = 0.097
So, the probabilitas are :

(a) P ( X ≥ 1) ≈ 0.818
(b) P ( X = 0) ≈ 0.182
(c) P ( X > 3) ≈ 0.097
6. Assume that the number of calories in a McDonald’s Egg McMuffin is a normally distributed
random variable with a mean of 290 calories and a standard deviation of 14 calories.
(a) What is the probability that a particular serving contains fewer than 300 calories?
Answer :
300−290 10
ZA = = ≈ 0.714
14 14
Using a Z-table or calculator, we find the probability corresp ZA
(b) More than 250 calories?

Answer :
250−290 −40
ZB = = ≈ −2.857
14 14
Using a Z-table or calculator, find the probability of ( Z > Z_bZ > ZB.
(c) Between 275 and 310 calories?

Answer :
275−290
Zc1 = ≈ −1.071
14
310−290
Zc2 = ≈ 1.429
14
7. On average, 28 patients per hour arrive in the Foxboro 24-Hour Walk-in Clinic on Friday
between 6 p.m. and midnight.
(a) What is the approximate probability of more than 35 arrivals?
Answer : (k > 35)
P (X > 35) ≈ 1 − (P (X = 0) + P (X = 1) + … + P (X = 35))
P (X > 35) ≈ 1 − 0.9998 ≈ 0.0002
(b) What is the approximate probability of fewer than 25 arrivals?

Answer : (k < 25)
P (X < 25) ≈ (P (X = 0) + P (X = 1) + … + P (X = 24))
P (X < 25) ≈ 0.0765
So, the approximate probabilities are:

(a) P (X > 35) ≈ 0.0002
(b) P (X < 25) ≈ 0.0765
8. The caffeine content of a cup of home-brewed coffee is a normally distributed random
variable with a mean of 115 mg with a standard deviation of 20 mg.
(a) What is the probability that a randomly chosen cup of home-brewed coffee will have more
than 130 mg of caffeine?
Answer :
Find the z-value of 130
Then P(x > 130) = P(z > that z-value)
(b) Less than 100 mg?

Answer :
Find the z-value of 130
Then P(x > 130) = P(z > that z-value)
(c) A very strong cup of tea has acaffeine content of 91 mg. What is the probability that a cup of
coffee will have less caffeine than a very strong cup of tea?
Answer :
Find the z-value that corresponds to 91 mg using
x = z*sigma + u
91 = z*20+115
z = -1.2
Find P(z < -1.2)

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Nama : Saripah

1. Which of the following could not be probability distributions? Explain

(b) at least 2 will,

(c) fewer than 4 will,

(d) all 5 will order a nonalcoholic beverage

b. At least 3 arrivals with λ =4.8.

c. At most 9 arrivals with λ =7.0.

(c) more than three problems.

So, the probabilitas are :

(b) More than 250 calories?

(c) Between 275 and 310 calories?

(b) What is the approximate probability of fewer than 25 arrivals?

So, the approximate probabilities are:

(b) Less than 100 mg?

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