Organizational Behavior

Tutorial 4

1) ________ refers to evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people, or events.

A) Attitude
B) Behavior
C) Appearance
D) Demeanor
E) Performance
Answer: A

2) ________ refers to evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people, or events.

A) Attitude
B) Behavior
C) Appearance
D) Demeanor
E) Performance

Answer: A

3) The statement, "A person who eats meat and then fights for animal rights demonstrates double

standards" is an evaluative statement. Such an opinion constitutes the ________ component of an

attitude.

A) cognitive

B) affective

C) reflective

D) behavioral

E) reactive

Answer: A
4) Which of the following statements represents the cognitive component of attitude?

A) I have decided to inform my supervisor that I will be quitting my job.

B) I intend to work during the weekend to meet the month's deadline.

C) I feel upset about having to work during Christmas.

D) It is disappointing to know that I did not get a good evaluation.

E) This job is not giving me an opportunity to explore my skills.

Answer: E

5) Abigail Jones is a sales executive at Orbit Bank in Brussels. She is the best performer on her
team and often gets the highest number of corporate accounts for the company. However, she
feels that she does not get sufficient credit for her hard work. During lunch, she says to her
colleague, "I have been getting the largest accounts for the bank for the past eight months. Yet,
my manager never acknowledges the kind of effort I put in to get these accounts." Which
component of attitude is being demonstrated by Jones?

A) positive component

B) cognitive component

C) affective component

D) behavioral component

E) reflective component

Answer: B

6) Which of the following is an example of the affective component of an attitude?

A) believing that one achieved all objectives of a project
B) relying on the information of a company's annual report
C) perceiving whistle-blowing as the right thing to do
D) feeling hurt at being unfairly accused of a wrongdoing
Answer: D
7) Which of the following is an example of the affective component of an attitude?

A) believing that one achieved all objectives of a project

B) relying on the information of a company's annual report

C) perceiving whistle-blowing as the right thing to do

D) feeling hurt at being unfairly accused of a wrongdoing

Answer: D

8) Johanna Rouse feels disheartened because she was not selected for the campaign exchange
program in Amsterdam. Which component of an attitude does Rouse's feeling represent?
A) cognitive
B) affective
C) reflective
D) behavioral
E) reactive
Answer: B

9) Johanna Rouse feels disheartened because she was not selected for the campaign exchange
program in Amsterdam. Which component of an attitude does Rouse's feeling represent?

A) cognitive

B) affective

C) reflective

D) behavioral

E) reactive

Answer: B
10) Janice Hartley works as a writer at a fashion magazine in New York. She was recently asked
by her editor to write an article on "10 must-haves for the autumn season." Her editor has now
sent back the article saying it is not interesting enough to hold the attention of the reader. Janice
is upset and disappointed about the feedback. Which component of an attitude is represented in
this scenario?

A) positive component

B) cognitive component

C) affective component

D) behavioral component

E) evaluative component

Answer: C

11) Kimberley Mayfield recently evaluated her subordinate's progress report. She now plans to
inform herabout the objectives she did not achieve and how she can perform better. By doing
this, Mayfield will be demonstrating the ________ component of an attitude.

A) cognitive

B) affective

C) reflective

D) behavioral

E) reactive

Answer: D

12) Which of the following statements is an example of the behavioral component of an attitude?

A) I have decided to apply for the position of a campaigner in the climate department.

B) I am thrilled to know that the human resource department is looking for a climate campaigner.

C) The position of a climate campaigner is challenging and interesting.

D) The position of a climate campaigner will allow me to explore my skills as a campaigner.

E) I think the position of a climate campaigner involves extensive travel.

Answer: A
13) Sarah Mayer works as a security officer and is in charge of keeping track of who is in the
office at any given time. She notices that some employees do not sign out of the office when they
go out for meals, which makes it difficult to keep track of attendance of employees. Even though
Mayer asked the employees repeatedly to sign out, they have not followed her advise. She now
decides to report the issue to her supervisor. Which of the following components of an attitude is
being demonstrated by Mayer?

A) affective

B) behavioral

C) positive

D) cognitive

E) knowledge

Answer: B

14) Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes results
in ________.

A) organizational dissonance

B) cognitive dissonance

C) attitudinal clarification

D) positivity offset

E) affective reactance

Answer: B

15) Anna Jonas owns a manufacturing firm in Indonesia and strongly believes that it is important
that workers' rights be respected. However, because of the recent economic meltdown, she makes
the management pay workers a wage which is below ethical standards. In addition, the working
conditions are below standards because of low investment in safety equipment. She knows her
actions are unethical but continues to do so to avoid major losses. Jonas is most likely to be
experiencing ________.
A) cognitive dissonance
B) emotional contagion
C) ethical evasion
D) self-concordance
E) positivity offse
Asnwer: A
16) Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding cognitive dissonance?

A) High dissonance is accompanied by high rewards.

B) People are less inspired to reduce dissonance when it is within their control.

C) People are less likely to reduce dissonance when the behavior is crucial.

D) People are more motivated to reduce dissonance when attitudes are important.

E) The desire to reduce dissonance is not affected by moods and emotions.

Answer: D

17) With reference to cognitive dissonance, in which of the following situations is the attitude-
behavior relationship most likely to be strong?
A) The affective component of the attitude is weak.
B) The behavior is not affected by the cognitive component of the attitude.
C) The attitude does not reflect the person's fundamental values.
D) The behavior is affected by external factors and is not entirely under the control of the person.
E) The attitude refers to something with which the person has direct experience
Answer: E

18) With reference to cognitive dissonance, in which of the following situations is the attitude-
behavior relationship most likely to be strong?

A) The affective component of the attitude is weak.

B) The behavior is not affected by the cognitive component of the attitude.

C) The attitude does not reflect the person's fundamental values.

D) The behavior is affected by external factors and is not entirely under the control of the person.

E) The attitude refers to something with which the person has direct experience

Answer: E

19) Which of the following is true of moderating variables in attitude relationships?

A) Attitudes that our memories can easily access are more likely to predict our behavior.

B) General attitudes tend to predict particular or specific behaviors.

C) Attitudes are less likely to be remembered if frequently expressed or talked about.

D) The relationship between an attitude and a behavior is weaker if an attitude involves a direct
relation to personal experience.

E) Conflicts between attitudes and behavior occur when there are no social pressures

Answer: A

20) Which of the following is most likely to be related to reduced absences and lower resignation
rates?

A) high job involvement

B) high cognitive dissonance

C) low psychological empowerment

D) low organizational commitment

E) high emotional contagion

Answer: A

21) ________ refers to a positive feeling about one's job resulting from an evaluation of its

characteristics.

A) Job satisfaction

B) Job design

C) Positivity offset

D) Constructive dismissal

E) Picketing

Answer: A

22) Which of the following actions best represents Kelly's high job involvement?

A) Kelly always complains about her work to her colleagues.

B) Kelly actively takes part in team activities and proactively takes up additional job
responsibilities.
C) Kelly shares the organization's vision of supporting renewable energy.
D) Kelly dislikes the unethical practices followed by her employer.
E) Kelly wants to continue working for the organization because many of her college friends are
working there
Answer: B

23) Which of the following actions best represents Kelly's high job involvement?

A) Kelly always complains about her work to her colleagues.

B) Kelly actively takes part in team activities and proactively takes up additional job

responsibilities.

C) Kelly shares the organization's vision of supporting renewable energy.

D) Kelly dislikes the unethical practices followed by her employer.

E) Kelly wants to continue working for the organization because many of her college friends are

working there

Answer: B

24) Employees' beliefs in the degree to which they influence their work environment, their
competence, the meaningfulness of their job, and their perceived autonomy is termed as
________.

A) psychological empowerment

B) Job Involvement

C) Retention

Answer: A

25) The degree to which a person identifies with his or her job, actively participates in it, and
considers his or her performance as being important to self-worth is referred to as ________.

A) emotional contagion

B) job involvement

C) job stability

D) emotional dissonance

E) direct action

Answer: B
26) In her work in the publishing industry, Vera Loranzo seeks out new authors who she
considers promising. In the past two years, she has found a number of new writers whose work
she thought was exceptional, and immersed herself in the task of helping them shape their
manuscripts for submission to her managers for publishing. Although she was extremely proud
of the results, none of the authors she worked with were chosen for publication. After learning
about her management's decision, she is extremely frustrated and is beginning to resent the job
she does. However, she knows there is nothing she can do and continues working because of the
good perks and salary benefits the job offers. How can Loranzo's job attitude be best described?

A) low job involvement

B) low job satisfaction

C) high psychological empowerment

D) high positivity offset

E) low emotional contagion

Answer: B

27) Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes results
in
________.
A) organizational dissonance
B) cognitive dissonance
C) attitudinal clarification
D) positivity offset
E) affective reactance
Answer: B

28) Organizational commitment is defined as ________.

A) the degree to which employees identify with the organization they work for and its goals

B) the state of discord caused by opposition of values between people working together

C) the degree to which an employee's sense of cognitive dissonance is related to their job

D) the employee's degree of disagreement or differential opinions about organizational practices

E) the degree to which employees believe their work impacts their organization significantly

Answer: A
29) The human resource department of Healthy Eating, a chain of health food stores, recently
conducted a survey to analyze employee commitment. Which of the following statements is most
likely to indicate a high degree of organizational commitment?

A) "I am a great believer in the importance of a healthy diet and this is why I am glad to be
working for a company that is trying to make simple, healthy food available to all."

B) "I enjoy working for Healthy Eating because of the growth prospects that it offers and the
wide range of responsibilities each one of us have."

C) "Even though I only work in the production department, it's good to know that my feedback
gets considered during our interactive in-house sessions."

D) "The challenging nature of the work and the thoughtful and generous way they treat their staff
has made Healthy Eating the best place I have ever worked in."

E) "My company offers me good perks and benefits."

Answer: A

30) ________ is the degree to which employees believe the organization values their
contribution and cares about their well-being.

A) Psychological empowerment

B) Employee engagement

C) Perceived organizational support

D) Organizational commitment

E) Job involvemen

Answer : C

31) Which of the following questions best helps understand the degree of perceived
organizational support among employees?

A) Do you believe that employee engagement has a large impact on productivity?

B) Do you believe there is sufficient employee engagement in your department?

C) Do your beliefs align with the organization's vision and long-term goals?

D) Do you feel the long-term goals on sustainable work practices are workable?

E) Do you feel the organization has sufficient recognition rewards to value good work?
Answer: E

32) Lillian Stintson works for a global women's rights organization. In the past few months, she
has traveled across the globe for the campaign she was working on. In addition, she has been
working weekends to meet campaign milestones. She has now decided to take a month's holiday
to relax herself and get the much needed break. She knows that the organization will understand
her need for a long holiday. Which of the following best represents Stintson's feeling?

A) low employee engagement

B) high perceived organizational support

C) low organizational commitment

D) low job involvement

E) high interest in whistle-blowing

Answer: B

33) Antonio Guillermo's wife was recently diagnosed with breast cancer. Guillermo had to take a
considerable amount of time off work to care for their children, and he was late in completing his
portion of a large project. Guillermo never feared that his job was in jeopardy because of his
absences or his delay in completion of work. Name the major job attitude associated with the
above stated example.

A) psychological empowerment

B) perceived organizational support

C) organizational commitment

D) employee engagement

E) job involvement

Answer: B
34) Bryan Eusebius has a positive attitude toward his organization. He feels the management
treats all employees fairly in matters concerning rewards, is understanding toward their needs
and requirements, and allows them to have a voice in decisions. Bryan's attitude toward his
organization is indicative of

________.

A) emotional contagion

B) positivity offset

C) perceived organizational support

D) cognitive dissonance

E) self-concordance

Answer : C

35) An individual's involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for, the work he
performs is

known as ________.

A) employee engagement

B) cognitive dissonance

C) emotional contagion

D) positivity offset

E) self-concordance

Answer :A

36) The human resource department of Palmer Inc. is aiming to understand the degree of
employee engagement in the organization. Which of the following statements would best help
them in the process?

A) Do you believe in the organization's five-year plan?

B) Do you believe the organization is concerned about your well-being?

C) Do you enjoy your everyday tasks and achieving project milestones?

D) Do you feel the organization values your work?

E) Do you agree with the organization's stand on sustainable work practices?

Answer: C

37) Which of the following is most likely to be a characteristic of disengaged employees?

A) They feel a deep connection for their organization.

B) They have a sense of passion for their work.

C) They have the lowest levels of turnover.

D) They put in time but give no attention to their work.

E) They proactively take up responsibilities

Answer: D

38) Employees with positive core self-evaluations believe in their inner worth and basic
competence, and are more satisfied with their jobs than those with negative core self-evaluations.
The concept of positive core self-evaluations indicates that ________.
A) promotions and growth opportunities influence job satisfaction
B) employees should be regularly monitored and provided feedback
C) job conditions have a direct influence on job satisfaction
D) personality plays a role in job satisfaction
E) pay always has a direct correlation with job satisfaction
Answer : D

True or False

1) Attitudes are favorable or unfavorable evaluative statements about objects, people, or

events.
Answer: TRUE
2) The three components of an attitude are cognition, affect, and behavior.
Answer: TRUE
3) The intent to act in a certain way is the affective component of an attitude.
Answer: FALSE
 4) The affective component of attitude is the emotional or feeling segment of an attitude.
Answer: TRUE
5) The cognitive component of an attitude describes an intention to behave in a certain way
toward
someone or something. Answer: FALSE
6) According to Festinger, people seek consistency among their attitudes and their
behaviors.
Answer: TRUE
7) Cognitive dissonance explains the linkage between attitudes and behavior.
Answer: TRUE
8) No individual can completely avoid dissonance.
Answer: TRUE
9) Individuals will be more motivated to reduce dissonance when they believe the
dissonance is due to something they cannot control.
Answer: FALSE
10) If there is an inconsistency between an individual's attitude on a specific issue and his or
her behavior, there are only two courses of action available — alter the attitude or alter
the behavior.
Answer: FALSE
11) Rewards can offset dissonance.
Answer: TRUE
12) Attitudes that our memories can easily access are less likely to predict our behavior.
Answer: FALSE
13) Discrepancies between attitudes and behavior tend to occur when social pressures to
behave in certain ways hold exceptional power, as in most organizations.
Answer: TRUE
14) The attitude-behavior relationship is likely to be much stronger if an attitude refers to
something with which we have direct personal experience.
Answer: TRUE
15) Job satisfaction describes a positive feeling about a job, resulting from an evaluation of
its characteristics.
Answer: TRUE
16) Job involvement measures the degree to which people identify psychologically with the
organization's mission and vision.
17) Employees' beliefs in the degree to which they influence their work environment, their
competence, the meaningfulness of their job, and their perceived autonomy is known as
psychological empowerment.
Answer: TRUE
18) An individual's involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for, the work he or
she does is known as employee engagement.
Answer: TRUE
19) ) Disengaged employees have a tendency to invest time but not energy or attention into
their work.
Answer: TRUE