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3 - Module 1 Concrete Works

This document provides information about concrete, including its composition and types. It discusses plain concrete, which is a mixture of cement, aggregates, and water, and reinforced concrete, which contains reinforcement embedded in the concrete. It also covers aggregate types and sizes, principles of concrete mixing to achieve strength and workability, and provides examples of calculating material quantities for concrete works.

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263 views

3 - Module 1 Concrete Works

This document provides information about concrete, including its composition and types. It discusses plain concrete, which is a mixture of cement, aggregates, and water, and reinforced concrete, which contains reinforcement embedded in the concrete. It also covers aggregate types and sizes, principles of concrete mixing to achieve strength and workability, and provides examples of calculating material quantities for concrete works.

Uploaded by

allankatenguddo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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QUANTITY

SURVEYING
MODULE 1
Concrete
PLAIN & REINFORCED CONCRETE

Concrete is either ‘plain’ or ‘reinforced’. By definition, Plain


Concrete is an artificial stone that is a result of mixing cement, fine
aggregates, coarse aggregates, and water. The conglomeration of
these material producing a solid mass is called plain concrete.
Reinforced concrete on the other hand, is a concrete with
reinforcement properly embedded in such a manner that the two
materials act together in resisting forces.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA


Different Types of Concrete used in
Construction
1. Ordinary Portland Cement
2. Rapid Hardening Portland Cement which is preferred when high early
strength concrete is desired.
3. Blast Furnaced or Sulfate Cement used on concrete structures designed to
resist chemical attack.
4. Low Heat Portland Cement used for massive sections designed to reduce the
heat of hydration.
5. Portland Pozzolan Cement with a low hardening characteristic concrete.
6. High Alumina Cement also known as Aluminous Cement or Cement Fundu
Main Compositions of Cement

1.6 – 65% Lime


18.0 – 25% Silica
3.0 – 8% Alumina
3.0 – 5% Iron Oxide
2.0 – 5% Magnesia
1.0 – 5% Sulfur Trioxide
AGGREGATES
Coarse Aggregate
-crushed stone, crushed gravel or natural gravel with particles retained
on a 5mm sieve
Size(s): 40, 20, 14, or 10mm diameter

Fine Aggregate
-crushed stone, crushed gravel, sand or natural sand with particles
passing on a 5mm sieve
AGGREGATES
For coarse aggregates, the sizes depends upon the
dimensions of the concrete member particularly, the spacing
of the steel bars reinforcement or as specified.

Note:
Good practice demands that the maximum size of coarse
aggregate should not exceed 25% of the minimum
thickness of the member structure nor exceed the clear
distance between the reinforcing bars and the form.
Principles of Concrete Mixing
The purpose of concrete is to select an optimum proportion of cement,
water and aggregates, to produce a concrete mixture that will meet the
following requirements:
1. Workability
2. Strength
3. Durability
4. Economy
Principles of Concrete Mixing
The proportion that will be finally adopted in concrete mixing has to be
established by actual trial and adjustment processes to attain the desired strength
and quality of concrete required under the following procedures:

1. The water cement ratio is the first determined at the very first hour of mixing to
meet the requirements of strength and durability.

2. The cement-aggregate ratio is then chosen and established to satisfy the


workability requirements.

Workability – the ability of the fresh concrete to fill all the voids between the
steel bars and the forms without necessarily exerting much effort in tamping.
ACI Requirements for Concrete
1. Fresh concrete shall be workable. Meaning, that fresh concrete could
freely flow around the reinforcements to fill all the voids inside the
form.
2. That, the hardened concrete shall be strong enough to carry the design
load.
3. That, hardened concrete could withstand the conditions to which it is
expected to perform.
4. That, concrete should be economically produced.
Concrete Mixture Classification
1. Designed Mixture
-Where the contractor is responsible in establishing the mixture
proportion that will achieve the required strength and workability
as specified in the plan.
2. Prescribed Mixture
-Where the designing engineer specify the mixture proportion. The
contractor’s responsibility is only to provide a properly mixed
concrete containing the right proportions as prescribed in the plan.
Measuring Box
A Measuring Box is a container with a
standardized volume that is used to measure
quantities of aggregate or mortar to create a
proportional mix of mortar and concrete.
Measuring Box
Concrete Proportion Table
Cement in Bag/s Sand Gravel
Mixture Class Proportion cu. m. cu. m.
40 kg. 50 kg.
AA 1 : 1 12 : 3 12.0 9.5 0.50 1.00
A 1:2:4 9.0 7.0 0.50 1.00
B 1 : 2 12 : 5 7.5 6.0 0.50 1.00
C 1:3:6 6.0 5.0 0.50 1.00

6 ft³ or 6 boxes of gravel Water Factor = 6 gal/bag


3 ft³ or 3 boxes of sand
1 bag of cement
Problem No. 1
A proposed concrete pavement has a general
dimension of 10 cm. thick, 3.00 meters
wide, and 5.00 meters long. Determine the
quantity of cement in bags, sand and gravel 10cm
in cubic meter, and water in gal.
5.00m

3.00m
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
Solution: 10cm

Volume = thickness x Width x Length 5.00m


Volume = 0.10m x 3.00m x 5.00m
Volume = 1.50 m³. concrete 3.00m
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Using Class A Mixture


1.00m3 gravel
No. Cement = 1.5m³ concrete(m39concrete
bags
) Gravel = 1.5m³concrete ( m3 concrete
)
No. Cement = 13.5bags Gravel = 1.5m³gravel
No. Cement ≈ 14bags of cement
0.50m3 sand Vol. of Water = 14bags of cement (6bag
gals
)
Sand = 1.5m³ concrete( )
m3 concrete
Sand = 0.75m³sand Vol. of Water = 84gals
Summary:
Quantity Unit Material Unit Cost Cost
Description
14 bag Portland ₱ 3,360.00
₱ 240.00
Cement
0.75 m³ Sand ₱ 900.00 ₱ 675.00
1.5 m³ ¾” Gravel ₱ 1,000.00 ₱ 1,500.00
84 gal Water ₱ 5.00 ₱ 420.00

Total Cost = ₱ 5,955.00


Bill of Materials Cost Estimates
Problem No. 2
Beam of Roof
0.30 x 0.45
Given a partial
structural frame, Column
compute the 0.50 x 0.50 x 4.50m

concrete materials
needed.
Footing
1.80 x 1.80 x 0.50

6.50m O.C.
4.50m O.C.
Solution:
Volume of: Roof of beam
0.30 x 0.45
Footing = 1.80(1.80)(0.50) x4
Footing = 6.48m³ Column
0.50 x 0.50 x 4.50m
Column = 0.50(0.50)(4.50) x4
Column = 4.50m³
Footing
Beam = 0.30(0.45)[Ltotal] 1.80 x 1.80 x 0.50
Beam = 0.30(0.45)[6+6+4+4]
Beam = 2.70m³
6.50m O.C.
4.50m O.C.
∴Vtotal = 13.68m³
Solution:
6.50m O.C.

Column Column
0.50 x 0.50 x 4.50m 0.50 x 0.50 x 4.50m

0.25 0.25
Solution:
Vtotal = 13.68m³ concrete

Using Class A Mixture 1.00m3 gravel


Gravel = 13.68m³ concrete ( m3 concrete
)
No. Cement = 13.68m³ concrete(m39concrete
bags
) Gravel = 13.68m³gravel
No. Cement = 123.12bags
No. Cement ≈ 123bags of cement
0.50m3 sand
Vol. of Water = 123bags of cement (6bag
gals
)
Sand = 13.68m³ concrete( )
m3 concrete Vol. of Water = 756gals
Sand = 6.84m³sand
Sand ≈ 7.00m³sand
Solution:
Additional Gravel = 1.8m(1.8)(0.05) x4
Gravel = 0.648m³gravel

Total Gravel = 13.68m³+ 0.648m³


Gravel = 14.328m³gravel
Gravel ≈ 14.50m³gravel

50mm thick gravel

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