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8.4 - 1 Strong and Weak Acids (H+) and PH Calculations

1) The document discusses calculations involving pH and the concentration of hydrogen ions ([H+]) for both strong and weak acids. 2) Sample exercises show how to calculate pH from [H+] and [H+] from pH. 3) For weak acids, the acid dissociation constant (Ka) is used along with an equilibrium table to calculate [H+] and thus pH.

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91 views4 pages

8.4 - 1 Strong and Weak Acids (H+) and PH Calculations

1) The document discusses calculations involving pH and the concentration of hydrogen ions ([H+]) for both strong and weak acids. 2) Sample exercises show how to calculate pH from [H+] and [H+] from pH. 3) For weak acids, the acid dissociation constant (Ka) is used along with an equilibrium table to calculate [H+] and thus pH.

Uploaded by

2018dgscmt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2022/11/30 Andres V.

8.4 – 1 STRONG AND WEAK ACIDS – CALCULATIONS OF [H+] AND pH


Sample Exercise: Calculating pH from [H+]
Calculate the pH values for the two solutions with
(a) [H+] = 1.0 x 10-12 mol dm-3
–6
(b) [H+] =5.6 × 10 mol dm-3

Practice Exercise

In a sample of lemon juice [H+] is 3.8 × 10–4 mol dm-3. What is the pH?

pH = -log(3.8 × 10-4)
pH = 3.42
Answers: 3.42
Sample Exercise Calculating [H+] from pH
+
A sample of freshly pressed apple juice has a pH of 3.76. Calculate [H ].

Solution

x
Note: Scientific calculators have an antilog function (sometimes labeled INV log or 10 ) that allows us to
perform the calculation: consult the user’s manual for your calculator to find out how to perform the antilog
operation.
+
The number of significant figures in [H ] is two because the number of decimal places in the pH is two.
2022/11/30 Andres V.
Practice Exercise

+
A solution formed by dissolving an antacid tablet has a pH of 9.18. Calculate [H ] .

[H+] = 10-9.18
[H+] = 6.6 × 10-10 mol dm-3
Answer: 6.6× 10–10 mol dm-3

Sample Exercise 16.8 Calculating the pH of a Strong Acid

What is the pH of a 0.040 M solution of HClO4?

Solution
Analyze and Plan:
Because HClO4 is a strong acid, it is completely ionized,

+ -
giving [H ] = [ClO ] = [HClO4] = 0.040 mol dm-3
Solve: The pH of the solution is given by pH = –
log(0.040) = 1.40
Because the concentration has two significant figures, the pH has two decimal places.
Practice Exercise
An aqueous solution of HNO3 has a pH of 2.34. What is the concentration of the acid?

[H+] = 10-2.34
[H+] = 4.6 × 10-3 mol dm-3
Answer: 0.0046 mol dm-3
2022/11/30 Andres V.

Sample Exercise Using weak acid’s Ka to Calculate pH


Calculate the pH of a 0.20 M solution of HCN. (Google the value of Ka)
Solution
Analyze: We are given the molarity of a weak acid and are asked for the pH.

–10
It was found that Ka for HCN is 4.9 × 10 .
Plan: We proceed by writing the chemical equation and constructing a table of initial and equilibrium
+
concentrations in which the equilibrium concentration of H is our unknown.

+
Solve: Writing both the chemical equation for the ionization reaction that forms H (aq) and the equilibrium
constant (Ka) expression for the reaction

Next, we tabulate the concentration of the species involved in the equilibrium reaction,
letting x = [H+] at
equilibrium:

Substituting the equilibrium concentrations from the table into the equilibrium-constant expression yields

We next make the simplifying approximation that x, the amount of acid that dissociates, is very small
compared with the initial concentration of acid; it is negligible. Thus, solving for x, we have

A concentration of 9.9 × 10-6 M is much smaller than 5% of 0.20, the initial HCN concentration. Our
simplifying approximation is therefore appropriate. We now calculate the pH of the solution:
2022/11/30 Andres V.
Practice Exercise

-5
The Ka for niacin is 1.5 × 10 . What is the pH of a 0.010 M solution of niacin?

[H + ][anion]
𝐾𝑎 = = 1.5 × 10−5
[niacin]
𝑥2
𝐾𝑎 = = 1.5 × 10−5
0.010 − 𝑥
0.010 − 𝑥 ≈ 0.010
𝑥2
𝐾𝑎 = = 1.5 × 10−5
0.010
𝑥 2 = (0.010)(1.5 × 10−5 )
𝑥 = √(0.010)(1.5 × 10−5 )
𝑥 = 3.9 × 10−4
[H + ] = 3.9 × 10−4 mol dm−3
pH = −log(3.9 × 10−4 )
pH = 3.4
Answer: 3.41

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