Q3slm Sci.9 WK 8

BONTOC NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Hindang, Leyte
SUBJECT: SCIENCE 9
QUARTER 3: Week 8
Teacher:
Maria Lorna B. Suarez
09613058422
LESSON 13: CONSTELLATIONS

Objectives:
1. Show which constellations may be observed at different times of the year using
models S9ES – IIIj – 35
2. Describe the beliefs and practices about constellations and astrology
3. Identify the importance of constellations to people today
LESSON PROPER:
Constellations cannot be seen all in one night. Some of the constellations can be seen only
during certain seasons. The part of the sky visible at night at a particular place gradually
changes as the season changes. The observers at different latitudes see different
constellations. Example an observer at the equator can view all the constellations during a
year, but the observer at North or South Pole can see only the stars in a single hemisphere
of constellations.
The stars appear to change positions in the sky throughout the year as Earth
revolves around the sun
The Northern and Southern Hemisphere Constellations
FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY 1

The position of the constellations varies throughout the year because the Earth
travels about 960 km in its elliptical orbit around the sun. This means that the sun changes
its position in relation to the background stars by 1 degree each day.
During the Southern Hemisphere summer when the south pole of the Earth is
pointed toward the sun, our planet is positioned between the constellation of Orion and
the sun. This is the reason why Orion can be easily viewed in our sky during summer
evenings. As the Earth continues its revolution, we can observe that the Orion changes its
position in the sky, it is observed low in the eastern sky during December, sits overhead
throughout February and sinks low in the western sky during April.
The constellations also appear to move from east to west across the sky every
night. This apparent motion occurs due to the rotation of the Earth in its axis, an imaginary
line that passes through Earth from its North Pole to its South Pole. However, there is a
specific star called the Polaris or North Star which displays a very little, movement in the
sky.
Winter constellations are the constellations that are best observed in the
evening night sky from late December to late March in the northern hemisphere and from
late June to late September in the southern hemisphere. The most prominent northern
winter constellations are Auriga, Canis Major, Canis Minor, Carina, Eridanus, Gemini,
Monoceros, Orion and Taurus. Southern winter constellations are the same as northern
summer constellations.
Summer constellations are the constellations that are best seen in the evening night sky
from late June to late September in the northern hemisphere and from late December to
late March in the southern hemisphere. In addition to the circumpolar constellations –
Cassiopeia, Cepheus, Draco, Ursa Major and Ursa Minor in the northern hemisphere and
Carina, Centaurus and Crux in the southern – there are several prominent constellations
that dominate the summer sky. For northern observers, these are the three constellations
whose brightest stars (Altair, Deneb and Vega) form the Summer Triangle – Aquila,
Cygnus and Lyra –along with the southern zodiac constellation Sagittarius and Scorpius,
and the large constellations Hercules in the northern and Ophiuchus in the southern sky.

Spring constellations are the constellations that are best seen in the evening night sky
from late March to late June in the northern hemisphere and from late September to late
December in the southern hemisphere. The most prominent northern spring constellations
are Ursa Major, Bootes, Leo, Cancer, Virgo and Hydra. The constellations Centaurus and
Crux, which dominate the night sky in the southern hemisphere, can be seen from tropical
latitudes north of the equator, but are invisible to observers living north of latitudes 25°N
and 20°N respectively. For northern observers who can see these constellations, spring is
the best time of year to observe them.
Autumn constellations are best observed in the night sky from late September
to late December in the northern hemisphere and from late March to late June in
the southern hemisphere. Autumn is a good time to see a number of notable
constellations, including the zodiac constellations of Aquarius, Aries and Pisces,
and the constellations in the Perseus family: Andromeda, Perseus, Cassiopeia,
Pegasus, Triangulum, Cetus and Cepheus Cassiopeia’s W, the Great Square of
Pegasus and Lacerta’s zig-zag shape make it easy to find them.

Many of these constellations have names that can be traced back to early
Babylonians and Greek civilizations, but nearly all cultures have different names for the
constellations. For example, the Greeks called the large constellation Orion, which means
hunter and is prominent in the night sky all over the world during winter. Early Filipinos
visualized the same group of stars as Balatik, a trap used in hunting wild pigs. Christian
Filipinos named the three stars (Orion’s belt) Tatlong Maria or Tres Marias.
How Early People Used the Constellations

While constellations were associated with religion, they also have practical uses.
Before the calendars, people had no way of determining when to sow or harvest except by
looking at these patterns in the sky. Ancient people developed a way to remember the
patterns by giving these patterns names and stories. For example, in the northern
hemisphere, the constellation Orion indicates the coming of cold season. The constellations
made it easier for them to recognize and interpret patterns in the sky. For example, Gemini
is seen in the Philippines during the months of April and May. Farmers interpreted the
appearance of Gemini as the end of planting season and it signified rich harvest. The table
below shows how the Matigsalug Manobo of Bukidnon used the stars and constellations in
relation to their agriculture.
Local Name Month of Related Agricultural Activity Western
Appearance Equivalent
Pandarawa January Start of planning what kind of crops to Pleiades
be planted and how wide is the area to
be planted
Start of planting and setting of traps to Orions’s Belt
Balatik February protect
the crops from animals
Malihe March Planting of rice, corn, or vegetables
Gibbang April and May End of planting season; signifies rich Gemini
harvest
Malara May Stop planting Canis Minor
Lepu Late May time to clean or clear the fields while Aquila
waiting for harvest time
Buwaya June start of the rainy season
Baha December to Clearing of forest Taurus

February

Other Uses:
Another use of the constellations is navigation. The Polaris is widely used in

navigation because it does not change its position at any time of the night or year. Also,
one can figure out his/her latitude just by looking at how high Polaris appears in the night
sky. This allowed sailors to find their way as they sail across the seas.
LEARNING TASKS: write your answers in your answer sheet (whole sheet of
paper)
Activity 1.
Identify the different prominent constellation during winter, summer, spring
and autumn. Fill up the table below with the words from the box that follows.
Table 1.
Winter Summer Spring Autumn
Canis Major Bootes Cetus Cygnus Cancer
Eridanus Aquila Cancer Hercules Lyra
Ophiuchus Crater Leo Aquarius Perseus
Virgo Capricorn Sagittarius Scorpius Hydra
Taurus Orion Eridanus Pegasus Pisces
Andromeda Eridanus Gemini
Activity 2. Give the importance or uses of constellations to people.

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BONTOC NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

LESSON 13: CONSTELLATIONS

FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY 1

FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY 2

FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY 3

How Early People Used the Constellations

Baha December to Clearing of forest Taurus

FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY 4

Another use of the constellations is navigation. The Polaris is widely used in

Canis Major Bootes Cetus Cygnus Cancer

Eridanus Aquila Cancer Hercules Lyra

Ophiuchus Crater Leo Aquarius Perseus

Virgo Capricorn Sagittarius Scorpius Hydra

Taurus Orion Eridanus Pegasus Pisces

Andromeda Eridanus Gemini

Activity 2. Give the importance or uses of constellations to people.

FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY 5

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