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    Constellations

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    Lawrence Matunog
    This document discusses constellations and astronomy. It begins by defining constellations as imaginary groups of stars that form pictures of objects, animals, and people. It then explains that early civilizations gave names to constellations based on patterns they saw in the night sky and used constellations to tell time and seasons for activities like farming. Finally, it notes that constellations were also used for navigation by early sailors.

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    Constellations

    Uploaded by

    Lawrence Matunog
    678 views50 pages
    This document discusses constellations and astronomy. It begins by defining constellations as imaginary groups of stars that form pictures of objects, animals, and people. It then explains that early civilizations gave names to constellations based on patterns they saw in the night sky and used constellations to tell time and seasons for activities like farming. Finally, it notes that constellations were also used for navigation by early sailors.

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    This document discusses constellations and astronomy. It begins by defining constellations as imaginary groups of stars that form pictures of objects, animals, and people. It then explains that early civilizations gave names to constellations based on patterns they saw in the night sky and used constellations to tell time and seasons for activities like farming. Finally, it notes that constellations were also used for navigation by early sailors.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    678 views50 pages

    Constellations

    Uploaded by

    Lawrence Matunog
    This document discusses constellations and astronomy. It begins by defining constellations as imaginary groups of stars that form pictures of objects, animals, and people. It then explains that early civilizations gave names to constellations based on patterns they saw in the night sky and used constellations to tell time and seasons for activities like farming. Finally, it notes that constellations were also used for navigation by early sailors.

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    of 50

    Constellations

    CONSTELLATIONS
    Earth Science
    The branch of science dealing with the
    physical constitution of the earth and
    its atmosphere Volcanolog
    Geology y
    Seismology
    Meteorolog
    Earth Atmospheric y
    Science Science Climatolog
    y
    Astrology
    Astronomy
    Cosmolo
    gy
    Astronomy
    Field of science that deals with the study of the natural
    world beyond the earth.

    Cosmology – The study of the universe: its origin,


    structure and evolution on the largest possible scale

    Astrology – the study of the purported relationships


    between the planetary positions at the time of a person’s
    birth, that person’s personality, and events in that
    person’s life. A pseudoscience; has no scientific basis.
    Learning Competencies
    1. Infer some characteristics of stars based on
    the characteristics of the Sun
    2. infer that the arrangement of stars in a group
    (constellation) does not change for a very long
    period of time;
    3. observe how the position of a constellation
    changes in the course of a night; and,
    4. use charts that show which constellations may
    be observed at different times of the year
    Pre assessment
    PRE ASSESSMENT
    Pre Assessment
    Which star is
    Star color
    1. The hottest? A Red
    2. Similar to our B Yellow
    sun? C White
    3. The coolest?
    D Blue
    Pre Assessment
    4. How do stars appear to move in the
    night sky?
    A. From East to West
    B. From North to South
    C. From West to East
    D. From South to North
    Pre Assessment
    5. Stars appear to move in the sky
    because
    A. The Earth is rotating on its axis.
    B. The Universe is expanding.
    C. The night sky is rotating.
    D. New galaxies are formed.
    Pre Assessment
    6. If you are located at the North Pole,
    where will you see the Polaris?
    A. Overhead
    B. Just above the horizon
    C. Around 45° from the horizon
    D. Polaris will not be seen in the North
    Pole.
    Pre Assessment
    7. Which constellation is prominently
    seen in the sky during summer?
    A. Orion
    B. Pegasus
    C. Hercules
    D. Virgo
    Pre Assessment
    8. Based on apparent magnitude,
    which of the following stars is the
    brightest?
    A. Alpha Centauri
    B. Betelgeuse
    C. Rigel
    D. Sirius
    Pre Assessment
    9. Why do stars have colors?
    A. It is because of the presence of
    oxygen.
    B. It is because of the presence of
    carbon dioxide.
    C. It is because of varied temperatures.
    D. It is because of the different locations.
    Pre Assessment
    10. Stars can be found in large groups
    throughout the universe. What are these
    groups called?
    A. solar system
    B. comets
    C. constellations
    D. asteroids
    Characteristics
    of Stars
    Are the stars same in
    size?
    Are the stars same in
    color?
    Are the stars equally
    bright?
    What does the color of a
    star mean? Why do stars
    differ in brightness?
    ACTIVITY 14
    CHARACTERISTICS OF STARS

    OBJECTIVE:
    IN THIS ACTIVITY, YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO INFER
    THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE COLOR OF A STAR
    AND ITS BRIGHTNESS
    Guide
    Questions
    Q1. What is the color of
    the filament as you dim
    the bulb?
    Q2. What is the color of
    the filament as you turn
    the switch at full power?
    Q3. What happens to the
    temperature of the
    filament as the bulb
    becomes brighter and
    brighter?
    Guide
    Questions
    Q4. Why do the two
    flashlights have different
    brightness?
    Characteristics of Stars: Color and Temperature
    Star color ranges from red to blue. The color of the
    star indicates its surface temperature. The table
    below shows the surface temperature and color of
    different nearby stars, including the Sun.
    Star Color Surface
    temperature in
    Celsius
    Sun Yellow 5,700
    Proxima centuari red 2,300
    Epsilon iridani Orange 4,600
    Vega White 9,900
    SIRIUS WHITE 10,000
    Characteristics of Stars: Brightness
    Brightness of the stars depends on two factors:
    1.Distance
    2.Actual brightness
    Absolute Brightness The star’s brightness as
    seen from Earth; apparent brightness depends
    on how far away a star is from the Earth.
    Characteristics
    of Stars
    Let’s take Sirius and Rigel to
    illustrate the effect of distance to
    apparent brightness. Compared to
    the Sun, Sirius is about 27 times
    as powerful as the Sun, but Rigel
    has the power of many thousands
    of Suns. In terms of distance from
    the Earth, Rigel is almost 100
    times farther away than Sirius. In
    terms of apparent brightness,
    Sirius is about twice as bright as
    Rigel. Sirius looks very bright
    when viewed from Earth because
    it is closer to Earth.
    What is a Constellation?
    These are imaginary groups of stars that form
    pictures of animals, objects and people.
    What is a Constellation?
    These are imaginary groups of stars that form
    pictures of animals, objects and people.
    ACTIVITY 15
    PATTERNS IN THE SKY

    OBJECTIVE:
    IN THIS ACTIVITY, YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO GROUP
    STARS TOGETHER IN A RECOGNIZABLE PATTERN
    Instruction
    Given a plain map of stars,
    draw any pattern, name it,
    and tell a story about your
    figure. Write your bases for
    coming up with your
    figure.
    Constellations
    Many of these constellations have
    names that can be traced back to
    early Babylonians and Greek
    civilizations, but nearly all
    cultures have different names for
    the constellations. For example,
    the Greeks called the large
    constellation Orion, which means
    hunter and is prominent in the
    night sky all over the world during
    winter. Early Filipinos visualized
    the same group of stars as
    Balatik, a trap used in hunting
    wild pigs. Christian Filipinos
    named the three stars (Orion’s
    belt) Tatlong Maria or Tres Marias.
    Do stars move while
    viewing from Earth?
    ACTIVITY 16
    APPARENT MOVEMENT OF THE STARS
    THROUGH THE NIGHT

    OBJECTIVE:
    IN THIS ACTIVITY, YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO
    DESCRIBE THE APPARENT MOTION OF STARS AT
    NIGHT.
    Guide
    Questions
    Q1. Compare the position of the
    stars in the sky. What do you
    notice?
    Q2. Are the stars visible at 7 pm
    still visible at 11 pm in their
    “original position”? Why is this
    so?
    Q3. How do the stars move?
    Describe the movement of the
    stars in the night sky.
    Q4. How is the motion of stars
    similar to the motion of the Sun?
    Apparent Movement Of The Stars Through The Night
    By observing Sun’s
    movement and position in
    the sky, we can tell what
    N
    time of the day it is. When
    it seems to rise in the east,
    it is morning. When it is
    above us, it is noon. When
    it seems to move towards W e
    the west, it is afternoon. At
    night, stars are used to tell
    the time. Just like the Sun,
    stars also seem to move
    from East to West. S
    Why are some
    constellations only visible
    at particular months?
    ACTIVITY 17
    DIFFERENT STAR PATTERNS
    THROUGH THE YEAR

    OBJECTIVE:
    IN THIS ACTIVITY, YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO
    EXPLAIN WHY SOME CONSTELLATIONS ARE NOT
    SEEN AT CERTAIN MONTHS
    Guide
    Questions
    Q1. Compare the photographs. What do you notice?
    Q2. Why are some stars visible in March but not visible in September?

    MARCH NIGHT SKY (9PM)


    Guide
    Questions
    Q1. Compare the photographs. What do you notice?
    Q2. Why are some stars visible in March but not visible in September?

    JUNE NIGHT SKY (9PM)


    Guide
    Questions
    Q1. Compare the photographs. What do you notice?
    Q2. Why are some stars visible in March but not visible in September?

    SEPTEMBER NIGHT SKY (9PM)


    Guide
    Questions
    Q1. Compare the photographs. What do you notice?
    Q2. Why are some stars visible in March but not visible in September?

    DECEMBER NIGHT SKY (9PM)


    Constellations seen on Different Months of the Year
    • An observer from Earth will be able
    to see the stars that are on the night
    side. The stars on the same side as
    the sun cannot be seen because
    sunlight overpowers all the
    starlights.
    • During summer in the Philippines,
    the constellations of Orion and
    Taurus are not visible at night. They
    will be visible again as the cold
    season begins. During this time,
    Scorpius will not be seen in the night
    sky.
    • As the Earth revolves around its
    orbit, the stars that were concealed
    by the bright light of the Sun in the S
    previous months will appear in the
    night sky.
    How Early People Used the
    Constellations?
    How Early People Used the Constellations
    • Before the calendars, people had no way of
    determining when to sow or harvest except by
    looking at these patterns in the sky. Ancient people
    developed a way to remember the patterns by
    giving these patterns names and stories. For
    example, in the northern hemisphere, the
    constellation Orion indicates the coming of cold
    season. The constellations made it easier for them
    to recognize and interpret patterns in the sky. For
    example, Gemini is seen in the Philippines during
    the months of April and May. Farmers interpreted
    the appearance of Gemini as the end of planting
    season and it signified rich harvest.
    How Early People Used the Constellations
    • Another use of constellations was in
    navigation. The Polaris is widely used in
    navigation because it does not change its
    position at any time of the night or year. Also,
    one can figure out his/her latitude just by
    looking at how high Polaris appears in the
    night sky. This allowed sailors to find their way
    as they sail across the seas.

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